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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1. contribute 閱讀下列句子，并在其后的括號內(nèi)填入contribute (to)的含義 a. 捐助；幫助 b. 投稿；撰稿 c. 促進 d. 有助于 e. 是……的原因；導(dǎo)致 ①Various factors contributed to his downfall. ( e ) ②She has been contributing to the paper for 5 years. ( b ),,,③The rich man contributed to the children in poor areas. ( a ) ④Your suggestion has contributed to the accomplishment of our work. ( c ) ⑤This policy will contribute to further development of our economy. ( d ),,,,contribution是contribute的名詞形式。 make a contribution (to)=contribute (to), 意為：(為……)做出貢獻,看圖說話(結(jié)合圖片翻譯句子) Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote an article about the story and contributed it to a newspaper.,許多人給那位可憐的男孩捐款，這促使他重返校園。有位作家寫了一篇有關(guān)此事的文章并投稿到報社。,,,,,,,2. apart from Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. (P4) 除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你還學(xué)過以下短語。,Apart from them, I have no one to talk to. 除了他們，我沒有人交流談心。 It is a good piece of work apart from a few slight faults. 這是一個不錯的作品，只是有幾處輕微的毛病。,apart from有三種基本的意義 ①apart from=besides，意思是：除……之外(還有)；此外 ②apart from=but/except, 意思是：除了……之外(沒有) ③apart from=except for，意思是：除了；只是,,,,,,,①_____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. ［2011福建高考］ A. Far from B. Apart from C. Instead of D. Regardless of 【解析】選B?？疾榻樵~短語辨析。句意：除了好的服務(wù)，這家飯店還提供各種各樣的傳統(tǒng)的福建菜。far from遠非，遠不如；apart from除……之外；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顧。根據(jù)句意選B。,②I almost knew nothing about the accident______ the report about it in the newspaper. A. besides B. except for C. apart from D. except that 【解析】選C。句意：除了報紙上對事故的報道之外，我?guī)缀鯇λ粺o所知。apart from 除……之外，符合句意。besides除……之外還有……；except for除去不同類的東西；except that意義同except for，但其后接從句。,③ ________ being too large, it just doesn’t suit me. A. Except B. Except for C. In addition D. Apart from 【解析】選D。句意：除了尺寸太大外，它也不適合我穿。apart from在本句中相當(dāng)于besides，意為“除了……之外”。,3. make sense This sentence doesn’t make sense/makes no sense. 這句子毫無意義。 It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身體健康是明智的。,①make sense 意為：講得通；有意義；有道理。 ②make no sense 意為：講不通；沒有意義；沒有道理。,,,,,make sense of. . . 了解……的意義；懂得 a sense of humor/direction/fear 幽默感/方向感/恐懼感 common sense 常識 in a sense 在某種意義上 in no sense 決不(位于句首表示強調(diào)時， 句子的主謂要用部分倒裝) There is no sense in (doing) sth. 做某事沒有道理/意義,The conclusion is in no sense scientific. =In no sense is the conclusion scientific. 這個結(jié)論決不是科學(xué)的。,①Can you ____ the point? If you can, please explain to me. A. make sense of B. make difference to C. make a remark on D. have an effect on 【解析】選A。句意：你懂得這個要點嗎？如果懂，請你給我解釋一下。make sense of懂得；make difference to有影響；有關(guān)系；make a remark on發(fā)表評論；批評；have an effect on影響。,②What he said _____. He knows nothing about the economy. A. make some sense B. makes some sense C. make no sense D. doesn’t make any sense 【解析】選D。句意：他的話沒有任何意義。對于經(jīng)濟他一無所知。make no sense“沒有意義，講不通”，但C項應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故答案為D。,③現(xiàn)在擔(dān)心這件事已經(jīng)沒有意義了。(一句多譯) A. It doesn’t make any sense/makes no sense to worry about it now. B. There is no sense in worrying about it now.,,,,,4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (P7)． 只有把太陽放在那個位置，天空中其他行星的運動才能講得通。 這是一個倒裝句。當(dāng)“only＋狀語”置于句首時，句子的主謂采用部分倒裝。,,,①Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (only+副詞) 直到那時我才意識到我錯了。 ②Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well. (only＋介詞短語) 只有這樣我們才能學(xué)好外語。 ③Only when he returned did we find the truth. (only＋狀語從句) 只有當(dāng)他回來時，我們才弄明白事實真相。,,,,,,,,,,,,,①Only if you practice enough will you (你們才會) defeat your opponents. ②If only you had attended our evening party (你要是參加我們的晚會就好了). We had a good time.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,③If only you _____ there joining us yesterday! A. are B. were C. had been D. be 【解析】選C。if only后接與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，從句謂語動詞用had done。句意：你昨天要是和我們一塊就好了!,④ ______ you eat the correct food_____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will 【解析】選A?？疾榈寡b句的用法。句意：只有在你飲食正確的條件下，你才能保持健康。only用于句首和條件狀語連用時，后面使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。,5. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth . (P7) 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。,這是一個較復(fù)雜的簡單句。(1)過去分詞fixed在句中作定語，修飾名詞sun；(2)with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth，是兩個“with+名詞/代詞+v. -ing形式”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，the moon前面省略了介詞with。,,,,,—Come on; please give me some ideas about the project. ——快點，請給我一些有關(guān)這個項目的建議。 —Sorry. With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. ——很抱歉，腦子里裝這么多的工作，我?guī)缀跻宓袅恕?你知道with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的具體構(gòu)成形式嗎?,【知識鏈接】 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作定語或狀語，其構(gòu)成是：,①With you standing here (站在這兒), we can’t be absorbed into our job. (stand) ②Deng Xiaoping got off the bus, with his daughter supporting him (攙扶著他). (support),,,,,,,,,③ _____of the danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend ____ her. A. Warned; followed B. Warned; following C. Having warned; followed D. Having warned; following 【解析】選B。主語she與warn之間為被動關(guān)系，warned. . . 作原因狀語；a friend與follow之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作方式狀語。,④I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____ . A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 【解析】選A?？疾椤皐ith +復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。noise與go on之間為主動關(guān)系，而且表示進行，因此選A。,⑤With the meal over，we all went home. 吃完了飯，我們都回了家。 ⑥With all the dishes washed, she took a rest. 刷完了所有的碗碟，她休息了一下。 ⑦I can’t go out with a lot of problems to solve . 我不能出去，因為有很多問題需要解決。,,,,,,,,,⑧I’m used to sleeping with the windows open. 我習(xí)慣于開著窗戶睡覺。 ⑨The street looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的燈都亮著，街道看起來更加漂亮。 ⑩He was sleeping with his head on his arm. 腦袋枕著胳膊，他睡著了。,,,,,,,,,,,1. cautious His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. (P7) 他的朋友都熱情地鼓勵他把他的想法公之于世，但哥白尼卻很謹(jǐn)慎。,Life is a chess and we should be cautious of/about taking every step. 人生就是一盤棋，我們要謹(jǐn)慎走好每一步棋。,①cautious的意思是：小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的。 ②be cautious about/of. . . “對……小心；留意……；謹(jǐn)防……” 。,,,,,,,①The economic situation is worse at present. You should always be ____ about making investments. A. enthusiastic B. optimistic C. cautious D. careful 【解析】選C。句意：目前經(jīng)濟形勢更糟了，你在投資時應(yīng)該小心謹(jǐn)慎。cautious小心的(側(cè)重考慮事情后果)；enthusiastic熱心的；熱情的；optimistic樂觀的；careful小心的(側(cè)重做事細心、留心)。,用cautious，careful填空 ②He is cautious of telling the secret. ③You have to be careful with people you don’t know. ④The doctor gave the patient a careful examination. But he was very cautious of telling him the truth. ⑤He studies hard and is very careful with his study.,,,,,,,,,,,2. reject The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. (P7) 基督教會不接受他的理論，說它違背上帝的意愿，支持它的人會遭到報應(yīng)的。 All apples with soft spots were rejected. 所有帶軟斑點的蘋果都被剔除。,reject作為及物動詞，意為：拒絕；不接受；拋棄。,,,用reject，refuse的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①We rejected his idea for a music club， and decided to have an art club instead. ②They refused to accept our offer of help. ③We were going to set off immediately, but the truck refused to start. ④It is hard for me to reject some bad habits.,,,,,,,,,⑤The shop assistant brought out a pile of rejected clothes for him to choose from. ⑥The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant (心臟移植). ⑦I wrote a letter to him asking for help, but I was refused.,,,,,,,In the year 1666 there was a terrible disease in London. Thousands of people died every week. The disease was 1 by fleas(跳蚤), which lived in clothes. When people started to feel 2 , they sneezed (打噴嚏). Then they had a headache and had a high temperature, and in less than a week they died. The village of Eyam is in the north of England. People there heard of the terrible 3 in London. They were very 4 that London was so far away.,One day a man arrived from 5 . He brought with him lots of different things to 6 . Among these things there was some cloth. On it were the 7 “Made in London”. Two days later, a boy sneezed. He said he had a 8 . Nobody worried much，but soon he was 9 with a high temperature. The next day, the boy 10 died, and another two people 11 to sneeze. At once the village people held a meeting to 12 what to do. An old man said, “If people run away from this village, they 13 carry the disease with them. Then the disease will be carried to other 14 and thousands of people will die. We must 15 other people outside our village don’t 16 this terrible disease”.,The people of Eyam 17 the old man. In this way they 18 the population of the other villages from the terrible disease. 19 , 40% of the population of Eyam died from the disease. The disease itself 20 . The people who were still living were able to visit people outside the village again.,1. A. took B. brought C. spread D. carried 【解析】選D。構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)was carried by. . . ，而動詞spread通常用作不及物動詞。 2. A. sad B. ill C. worried D. nervous 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文可知，只有當(dāng)人們生病的時候，才會有下文中提到的情況。,3. A. disease B. earthquake C. flood D. fighting 【解析】選A。倫敦發(fā)生的可怕疾病(illness/disease )。 4. A. happy B. sad C. frightened D. surprised 【解析】選A。結(jié)合上下文，London距離Eyam村莊很遠，這有利于阻止疾病的蔓延，因而人們很高興。,5. A. Paris B. New York C. London D. Berlin 【解析】選C。根據(jù)短文下面的介紹，這個村莊的疾病正是由這個來自倫敦的人帶來的，以及下文Made in London也可知答案。 6. A. sell B. give C. show D. send 【解析】選A。根據(jù)情景可知，這個人是來這個村莊賣東西的。,7. A. sentence B. phrase C. words D. letters 【解析】選C。根據(jù)前面的系動詞用were，可知主語是復(fù)數(shù)人稱形式，因此用words, 而letters不符合句意。 8. A. toothache B. earache C. stomachache D. headache 【解析】選D。根據(jù)前面介紹，得這種病時會頭痛和發(fā)高燒。,9. A. in the classroom B. in the office C. at his desk D. in bed 【解析】選D。be in bed表示“病得臥床不起”。 10. A. quickly B. suddenly C. early D. immediately 【解析】選B。副詞suddenly表示“突然”，說明出乎人們預(yù)料。 11. A. wanted B. decided C. started D. continued 【解析】選C。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是開始出現(xiàn)打噴嚏的癥狀。,12. A. discuss B. talk C. say D. see 【解析】選A。村民們聚集到一起顯然是討論或商議如何采取措施來遏制疾病的蔓延。 13. A. must B. may C. should D. need 【解析】選B。may表示存在的可能性，因為那時并非人人都感染了疾病。,14. A. cities B. places C. villages D. countries 【解析】選B。這些村民如果外出，可能去的地方很多，不會局限于某一類地點。 15. A. help B. tell C. make promise D. make sure 【解析】選D。構(gòu)成短語make sure，表示“確保，保證”。,16. A. take up B. pick up C. look up D. bring up 【解析】選B。pick up在這里表示“被感染”。 17. A. agreed with B. said “hi” to C. believed in D. talked to 【解析】選A。構(gòu)成agree with someone，表示“同意／贊成某人的觀點或看法”。,18. A. increased B. reduced C. saved D. rescued 【解析】選C。由于這個村莊的人都同意了村中這位老人的觀點，沒有外出，從而使其他村莊的人免遭這種疾病。 19. A. Instead B. Unfortunately C. In the end D. On the other hand 【解析】選C。in the end說明最后結(jié)果。,20. A. came out B. turned out C. looked out D. died out 【解析】選D。短語動詞die out表示“消失，絕跡”。,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,