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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Ⅲ.句式填空1.intheway+定語從句Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated(以你想被別人對待的方式).2.where引導的定語從句AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother(各諸侯國之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭).,,,,,,,3.thereasonwhy...……的原因Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimals(人不同于動物的原因)isthatmanisgood.4.“no+比較級+than”同……一樣不……Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcentury,andwerenofasterthan(同……一樣不快)ahorse.,,,,,,,Ⅳ.教材設(shè)題1.Mencius’sideaswereverysimilarto______ofConfucius.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD.ones【解析】選C。此處those指代ideas,特指孔子的思想。若選D,要把D項改為theones才對。,2.Formanyyearshetravelledfromstatetostate,______theprinciplesofConfucius.A.taughtB.toteachC.havingtaughtD.teaching,【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞。此處teachingtheprinciplesofConfucius作伴隨狀語,句子主語he與teach這一動作之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系,且此動作與謂語動作幾乎同時發(fā)生,所以要用v.-ing形式的一般式。havingtaught指teach這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,動詞不定式不表示伴隨。因而正確答案為D項。,3.Butitwasalsoatime______thereweremanygreatphilosophers.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who【解析】選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。被修飾的先行詞atime表示“一個時期”,又因后面的定語從句中缺少表示時間的狀語,故選B。when相當于inwhich。,4.Often,thereason______peopleareunhappyis______theydonothaveenoughlove.A.why;becauseB.why;thatC.which;becauseD.which;that【解析】選B。第一個空需要關(guān)系副詞why,whypeopleareunhappy是定語從句修飾thereason,why相當于forwhich。第二個空填that,thattheydonothaveenoughlove是that引導的表語從句,陳述thereason的內(nèi)容。,5.—Theysaythatyouneedtobeabitmadtobeaninventor.—______,thenmyfriendPeterLingisabitmad.He’saninventor.A.IfpossibleB.IfnotC.IfanyD.Ifso【解析】選D?？疾槭÷缘挠梅?。ifpossible如果可能的話;ifnot如果不;ifany如果有一些的話;ifso如果這樣。句意:——據(jù)說一個人要想成為發(fā)明家要有點瘋狂?！绻@樣的話,那么我的朋友PeterLing就有點瘋狂,他是一個發(fā)明家。,1.It’simportantforustoemployawordoraphraseaccordingtothe______inlanguagestudies.［2011哈爾濱模擬］A.situationB.expressionC.conditionD.translation,【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。situation情景,形勢;expression表達,表情;condition狀況,環(huán)境,條件;translation翻譯。句意:在語言學習中我們要根據(jù)情景使用單詞或短語,這是非常重要的。,2.Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast______importanceareskills.［2011長沙模擬］A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper,【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~。fair公平的;reasonable合理的;equal平等的;proper適當?shù)?。句?在體育運動中健康非常重要,但技能至少也同等重要。ofatleastequalimportanceareskills是倒裝句,正常的語序是skillsareofatleastequalimportance。,3.完成句子(1)他命令戰(zhàn)士們開火。Heorderedthesoldierstofire.(2)他們要求每砍伐一棵樹就要補栽兩棵樹。Theyorderedthatforeverytreecutdowntwomore(should)beplanted.,,,,,,,1.Theyhadbeenat______warforfiveyears,andtherewasstillno______signofvictory.A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a【解析】選C?？疾楣谠~與固定搭配。beatwar處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài),是固定短語,中間沒有冠詞。sign雖然是可數(shù)名詞,但其前面有no,就不需要冠詞了。因為no=nota/notany。,2.Heisacutler(刀具商)—______,amanwhosellsknivesandsharptools.A.inconclusionB.ingeneralC.what’smoreD.thatistosay【解析】選D。句意：他是個刀具商——也就是說,他是一個賣刀和鋒利器具的人。inconclusion總之;ingeneral一般說來;what’smore而且;thatistosay也就是說。,1.Thereason______Iexplainedforthreedays’leavewas______mysickmotherneededmycare.A.why;thatB.which;thatC.why;becauseD.which;because,【解析】選B。第一個空填關(guān)系代詞which是因為此處定語從句中謂語動詞explained缺少賓語,which在此處指代thereason且引導定語從句,whichIexplainedforthreedays’leave。第二個空填that,此處that引導的表語從句指thereason的內(nèi)容。,2.Thereason______Malcolmdidn’tstudyartwas______hisfatherdidn’twanthimto.A.why;thatB.why;becauseC.for;becauseD.of;which【解析】選A。考查thereasonwhy...isthat...句式。其中why引導定語從句,that引導表語從句。句意為：Malcolm沒有學習藝術(shù)的原因是他的父親不想讓他學。,Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空equal,important,influence,honest,contribute,invent,argument,free,kindness,resign1.Hewasawardedaprizeforhiscontributiontoworldpeace.2.Womenarestillstrugglingfortrueequalitywithmen.3.Theysaidthegreatestvirtuesinapoliticianwerecorrectnessandhonesty.4.Heisoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresinthegovernment.,,,,,,,,,,5.Wehavealwaysstressedtheimportanceofeconomicreform.6.Inventionslikethecomputerchangedthewaypeoplelived.7.Wouldyoubekindenoughtohelpme?8.Wearguedwiththewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.9.Todaywehavethefreedomtodecideourownfutures.10.Mr.Robbresignedhispositionlastmonth.,,,,,,,,,,,,,Ⅱ.完成句子1.這位老人撫養(yǎng)了一百多位孤兒。Theoldmanhasbroughtupmorethan100orphans.2.這就是那位發(fā)明家住過的房子。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichtheinventorlived.3.你認為這兩個國家還會交戰(zhàn)多長時間？Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?,,,,,,,4.我引以為豪的兒子結(jié)果沒有考上大學。Mysonwho/whomIwasproudof/ofwhomIwasproudfailedtobeadmittedtoacollege.5.他的公司為我們的工業(yè)發(fā)展做出了很大貢獻。Hiscompanymadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofourindustry.6.總之,我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小nconclusion,I’dliketothankyouforallyou’vedoneforme.,,,,,,,7.我買這本書的原因是它是關(guān)于歷史的。ThereasonwhyIboughtthebookwasthatitwasabouthistory.8.我們要相信人生來是平等的。Weshouldbelievethatmanisbornequal.,,,,,,,Ⅲ.單項填空1.Therearecases______theword“school”isusedasaverb.［2011寧波模擬］A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which【解析】選C。考查定語從句中的關(guān)系詞。此處wheretheword“school”isusedasaverb是定語從句修飾前面的先行詞cases,where相當于inwhich,表示“在這些情況中”。,【方法技巧】如何選擇引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句在句中作定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞(詞組)或代詞是先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why等。關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞有雙重的作用:一方面起連詞的作用,連接從句使之與主句發(fā)生關(guān)系,另一方面它在句中起一定的句,法作用(關(guān)系代詞可作主語和賓語;關(guān)系副詞可作狀語)。所以,在選擇關(guān)系詞時,首先看先行詞,然后再看定語從句中缺少的成分。例如:Iknowthegirlthat/whoattendedtheparty.此處that/who在從句中作主語,指thegirl。Myhometownisaplacewhere/inwhichkitesaremade.此處where在定語從句中作狀語,表示“在這個地方”,也可以換成inwhich。關(guān)系副詞通常都相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。,2.Thechairmanwasforcedto______becauseofbeingchargedwithabuseofpower.A.retireB.resignC.reserveD.respond【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~辨析。retire退休;resign辭職;reserve預(yù)訂,保留;respond回答,回應(yīng)。句意：因為被指控濫用職權(quán),這位主席被迫辭職。,【舉一反三】Wehadto______fate,seeingthatwecoulddonothingtohelpourselves.A.resignourselvestoB.buryourselvestoC.applyourselvestoD.devoteourselvesto【解析】選A。句意：由于我們無法自助,只好聽天由命了。resignoneselfto...表示“聽任擺布,只好……”。符合語境要求。,3.Whilelargenumbersofresidentsinthisarea______thisraredisease,veryfewsuffereddeath.［2011合肥模擬］A.pickedupB.tookupC.broughtupD.caughtup【解析】選A。考查動詞短語。pickup拾起,收聽,(偶然)學得,染上(習慣、病等);takeup開始從事,占據(jù),拿起;bringup撫養(yǎng),提出;catchup趕上。句意:雖然這個地區(qū)的很多居民患上了這種罕見病,但幾乎沒有人死亡。根據(jù)句意選A。,4.Youarecertaintorealizeyourdream_____youmakegreateffortsandlayemphasisonimprovementsinefficiency.A.onconditionthatB.forfearthatC.eventhoughD.incase【解析】選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。onconditionthat如果,條件是;forfearthat惟恐;eventhough即使,盡管;incase萬一。句意:如果你努力且把重點放在提高效率上,你一定會實現(xiàn)夢想。,5.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith______oftheirparents.A.thoseB.oneC.bothD.that【解析】選D?？疾榇~。此處that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可指代不可數(shù)名詞。若選B,要把B項改為theone,特指他們父母的那種方法。,6.Weoften______theimportanceofhonestywhengettingalongwithothers.A.speakB.talkC.stressD.tell【解析】選C。考查固定搭配。stresstheimportanceof是固定短語,表示“強調(diào)……的重要性”。句意：在與人相處時我們經(jīng)常強調(diào)誠實的重要性。,7.Floodhitthesmallvillage,leavingit______.A.inbadstateB.inabadpositionC.onnoconditionD.inbadcondition【解析】選D。句意:洪水襲擊了這個小村子,使它的狀況很不好。inbadcondition=inabadstate表示“狀況不好”。inabadposition處于不好的位置或職位;onnocondition決不。,8.Runningacompanycallsforintelligence,patienceandalotofexperience.______,it’snotasimplething.A.InconclusionB.OntheotherhandC.FirstofallD.Onthecontrary【解析】選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。inconclusion總之;ontheotherhand另一方面;firstofall首先;onthecontrary相反。句意:經(jīng)營一家公司需要智力、耐心與大量的經(jīng)驗?？傊?這不是一件簡單的事情。,9.______Ilearnedtorideabike,Ifelloffitmanytimes.A.ThefirsttimewhenB.ForthefirsttimeC.ItwasthefirsttimeD.Thefirsttime【解析】選D。句意:第一次我學騎自行車時,我從自行車上掉下來很多次。此處thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句,相當于whenIlearnedtorideabikeforthefirsttime...。,10.Takingmoreexercisecan______yourhealth.A.contributetoB.appealtoC.applytoD.occurto【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~短語。contributeto導致,有助于;appealto呼吁,吸引;applyto應(yīng)用于;occurto想起。句意:多鍛煉有助于你的健康。,11.Allthethingsintheroomwere______,butshequicklyputthem______.A.outoforder;inorderB.outoforder;onorderC.inorder;inorderD.outoforder;outoforder【解析】選A。outoforder發(fā)生故障,亂的;put...inorder按順序排好,使……井井有條。句意:房間里所有的東西都很亂,但她很快就使一切井井有條。,12.Sincemanisborn______,weshouldtreatthemancaughtstealing______.A.equally;equallyB.equal;equalC.equal;equallyD.equally;equal【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~與副詞。第一個空用形容詞,equal作主語man的補足語,表明主語的情況。第二個空填副詞來修飾前面的動詞treat。,13.Noonehopesthetwocountrieswillbeat______war,because______peaceiswhateveryonewants.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/D./;/【解析】選D?？疾楣谠~。atwar(在交戰(zhàn))是固定短語,短語中沒有冠詞。第二個空不填冠詞,因為peace(和平)是不可數(shù)名詞,且在此處也不是特指,所以其前面不需要加冠詞。,14.Hetookadvantageofhis______friendstogetintothecivilservice.A.incredibleB.accessibleC.influentialD.essential【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。incredible難以置信的;accessible可以進入的;influential有影響的;essential表示“最重要的”,通常作表語;表示“基本的”,通常作定語。句意:他利用那些有權(quán)有勢的朋友到政府行政部門任職。,15.Heappliedforthe______ofassistantmanagerbutfailed.A.positionB.situationC.conditionD.station【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。position位置,職位;situation情景,形勢;condition狀態(tài),條件,環(huán)境;station車站。句意:他申請經(jīng)理助理的職位,但失敗了。,Ⅳ.閱讀理解Therehavebeenmanynaturaldisasterssinceancienttimes.Inordertofightagainstviolenceofnatureandimprovepeople’slife,manyscientistscreatedlotsofinventions.Hereisoneofthem.,ZhangHeng(78AD—139AD)wasagreatastronomer,mathematician,artistandliteraryscholarintheEasternHanDynastyofChina.Bornintoday’sNanyangCounty,Henan,hewasagoodwriteratage12.Attheageof16,helefthometopursuehisstudyinginthecapitalcity.Hespentatleast10yearsofhisyouthinliterarystudiesandwriting.Hepublishedseveralwell-recognizedliterarywritings.Muchtoeveryone’samazement,heswitchedtoastronomyafterage30andatlasthesucceeded.,Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.In132ZhangHenginventedthefirstseismograph(地震儀)formeasuringearthquakes.Hisdevicewasintheshapeofa,cylinderwitheightdragonheadsaroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogs,eachdirectlyunderadragonhead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,makinganoise.Healsoinventedtheodometer(里程表).ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.Inoneofhispublicationshealsosubmittedπ=about3.1466.HemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseancientmathematics.【文章大意】本文主要講了張衡的生平以及他做出的貢獻。,1.What’sthepassageabout?A.ZhangHeng—afamousastronomer.B.Modernscientistsandtheirinventions.C.ZhangHengandhiscontributions.D.ZhangHengandhishobbies.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。全篇主要介紹張衡和他做出的貢獻。A項內(nèi)容盡管正確,但較片面;B項內(nèi)容與文章第一段內(nèi)容不符。,2.Whenaballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,theseismographZhangHenginventedwouldshow______.A.howmanymilesawaytherewasanearthquakeB.abigfireoccurredsomewhereC.earthquakeswouldhappenallaroundthecountryD.theremightbeanearthquakeinthisdirection,【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,makinganoise.”以及常識可知D項為正確答案。,3.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ZhangHengdidwellinliterarystudiesandwriting.B.ZhangHenginventedthecalendar.C.ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.D.ZhangHengalsoputforwardπ=about3.1466.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.”可知B項與文章內(nèi)容不符。A、C、D三項都正確。,4.Theunderlinedword“submitted”inthelastparagraphmeans______.A.wonB.rescuedC.repairedD.proposed【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。結(jié)合單詞所在句子的語境可推測submitted應(yīng)為“提出,主張”的意思。,Ⅴ.任務(wù)型閱讀［2011大慶模擬］根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。,ObtainingfreshwaterfromicebergsTheideaofgettingfreshwaterfromicebergsthataremovedtopopulatedareasorplaceswasoncetreatedasajoke.Recently,scientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracewilloutgrowitsfreshwatersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.1,Glaciersareapossiblesourceoffreshwaterthathasbeenoverlookeduntilrecently.2Itcontainsfreshwatersomuchthatitcouldsustainalltheriversoftheworldfor1,000years.,Hugeglaciersthatstretchovertheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthtoicebergsthroughouttheyear.3However,theyareformedentirelyonland,breakingoffwhenglaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergssometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirectionoppositetothewind.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorintheAtlanticOcean.4Thedifficultyexistssuchasitsrapidmeltinginwarmerclimates.5,A.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhentheseaitselffreezes.B.Nowitisbeingconsideredquiteseriousbymanynations.C.7,659trillionmetrictonsoficearefloatingontheseaeveryyear.D.Butthewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthatproduced.,E.Tomovethemtopartsoftheworldwouldnotbetoodifficult.F.ItisnotadreamtogetwaterfromIcebergs.G.Three-quartersoftheEarth’sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacialice.答案：1~5.BGAED,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Hewasawardedaprizeforhiscontribution（貢獻）toworldpeace.2.Womenarestillstrugglingfortrueequality（平等）withmen.3.Theysaidthegreatestvirtuesinapoliticianwerecorrectnessandhonesty（誠實）.4.Heisoneofthemostinfluential（有影響的）figuresinthegovernment.,,,,,,,,,5.Wehavealwaysstressedtheimportance（重要性）ofeconomicreform.6.Inventions（發(fā)明）likethecomputerchangedthewaypeoplelived.7.Wouldyoubekind（善良的）enoughtohelpme?8.Weargued（爭論）withthewaiteraboutthepriceofthemeal.9.Todaywehavethefreedom（自由）todecideourownfutures.10.Mr.Robresigned（辭職，辭去）hispositionlastmonth.,,,,,,,,,,,,,Ⅱ.完成句子1.這位老人撫養(yǎng)了一百多位孤兒。Theoldmanhasbroughtupmorethan100orphans.2.這就是那位發(fā)明家住過的房子。Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichtheinventorlived.3.你認為這兩個國家還會交戰(zhàn)多長時間？Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?4.我引以為豪的兒子結(jié)果沒有考上大學。Mysonwho/whomIwasproudof/ofwhomIwasproudfailedtobeadmittedtoacollege.,,,,,,,,,5.他的公司為我們的工業(yè)發(fā)展做出了很大貢獻。Hiscompanymadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofourindustry.6.總之，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺?。Inconclusion,I’dliketothankyouforallyou’vedoneforme.7.我買這本書的原因是它是關(guān)于歷史的。ThereasonwhyIboughtthebookwasthatitwasabouthistory.8.我們要相信人生來是平等的。Weshouldbelievethatmanisbornequal.,,,,,,,,,,,Ⅲ.語法和詞匯知識1.Therearecases_____theword“school”isusedasaverb.［2011寧波模擬］A.thatB.whenC.whereD.which【解析】選C。考查定語從句中的關(guān)系詞。此處wheretheword“school”isusedasaverb是定語從句修飾前面的先行詞cases,where相當于inwhich,表示“在這些情況中”。,【方法技巧】如何選擇引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞定語從句在句中作定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞（詞組）或代詞是先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,whose,that,which等。關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why等。關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞有雙重的作用:一方面起連詞的作用,連接從句使之與主句發(fā)生關(guān)系,另一方面它在句中起一定的句法作用（關(guān)系代詞可作主語和賓語;關(guān)系副詞可作狀語）。所以,在選擇關(guān)系詞時,首先看先行詞,然后再看定語從句中缺少的成分。例如:,Iknowthegirlthat/whoattendedtheparty.此處that/who在從句中作主語,指thegirl。Myhometownisaplacewhere/inwhichkitesaremade.此處where在定語從句中作狀語,表示“在這個地方”,也可以換成inwhich。關(guān)系副詞通常都相當于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。,2.Thechairmanwasforcedto_____becauseofbeingchargedwithabuseofpower.A.retireB.resignC.reserveD.respond【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~辨析。retire退休；resign辭職；reserve預(yù)訂，保留；respond回答，回應(yīng)。句意：因為被指控濫用職權(quán)，這位主席被迫辭職。,【舉一反三】Wehadto_____fate,seeingthatwecoulddonothingtohelpourselves.A.resignourselvestoB.buryourselvestoC.applyourselvestoD.devoteourselvesto【解析】選A。句意：由于我們無法自助，只好聽天由命了。resignoneselfto...表示“聽任擺布，只好……”。符合語境要求。,3.Whilelargenumbersofresidentsinthisarea_____thisraredisease,veryfewsuffereddeath.［2011寶雞模擬］A.pickedupB.tookupC.broughtupD.caughtup【解析】選A。考查動詞短語。pickup拾起,收聽,（偶然）學得,染上（習慣、病等）;takeup開始從事,占據(jù),拿起;bringup撫養(yǎng),提出;catchup趕上。句意:雖然這個地區(qū)的很多居民患上了這種罕見病,但幾乎沒有人死亡。根據(jù)句意選A。,4.Youarecertaintorealizeyourdream_____youmakegreateffortsandlayemphasisonimprovementsinefficiency.A.onconditionthatB.forfearthatC.eventhoughD.incase【解析】選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。onconditionthat如果,條件是;forfearthat惟恐;eventhough即使,盡管;incase萬一。句意:如果你努力且把重點放在提高效率上,你一定會實現(xiàn)夢想。,5.Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith_____oftheirparents．A．thoseB.oneC．bothD．that【解析】選D。考查代詞。此處that指代前面的approach。that既可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可指代不可數(shù)名詞。若選B，要把B項改為theone,特指他們父母的那種方法。,6.Weoften_____theimportanceofhonestywhengettingalongwithothers.A.speakB.talkC.stressD.tell【解析】選C?？疾楣潭ù钆洹tresstheimportanceof是固定短語,表示“強調(diào)……的重要性”。句意：在與人相處時我們經(jīng)常強調(diào)誠實的重要性。,7.Floodhitthesmallvillage,leavingit_____.A.inbadstateB.inabadpositionC.onnoconditionD.inbadcondition【解析】選D。句意:洪水襲擊了這個小村子,使它的狀況很不好。inbadcondition=inabadstate表示“狀況不好”。inabadposition處于不好的位置或職位;onnocondition決不。,8.Runningacompanycallsforintelligence,patienceandalotofexperience._____,it’snotasimplething.A.InconclusionB.OntheotherhandC.FirstofallD.Onthecontrary【解析】選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。inconclusion總之;ontheotherhand另一方面;firstofall首先;onthecontrary相反。句意:經(jīng)營一家公司需要智力、耐心與大量的經(jīng)驗?？傊?這不是一件簡單的事情。,9._____Ilearnedtorideabike,Ifelloffitmanytimes.A.ThefirsttimewhenB.ForthefirsttimeC.ItwasthefirsttimeD.Thefirsttime【解析】選D。句意:第一次我學騎自行車時,我從自行車上掉下來很多次。此處thefirsttime引導時間狀語從句,相當于whenIlearnedtorideabikeforthefirsttime...。,10.Takingmoreexercisecan_____yourhealth.A.contributetoB.appealtoC.applytoD.occurto【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~短語。contributeto導致,有助于;appealto呼吁，吸引;applyto應(yīng)用于;occurto想起。句意:多鍛煉有助于你的健康。,11.Allthethingsintheroomwere_____,butshequicklyputthem_____.A.outoforder;inorderB.outoforder;onorderC.inorder;inorderD.outoforder;outoforder【解析】選A。outoforder發(fā)生故障,亂的;put...inorder按順序排好,使……井井有條。句意:房間里所有的東西都很亂,但她很快就使一切井井有條。,12.Sincemanisborn_____,weshouldtreatthemancaughtstealing_____.A.equally;equallyB.equal;equalC.equal;equallyD.equally;equal【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~與副詞。第一個空用形容詞,equal作主語man的補足語,表明主語的情況。第二個空填副詞來修飾前面的動詞treat。,13.Noonehopesthetwocountrieswillbeat_____war,because_____peaceiswhateveryonewants.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;/D./;/【解析】選D。考查冠詞。atwar（在交戰(zhàn)）是固定短語,短語中沒有冠詞。第二個空不填冠詞,因為peace（和平）是不可數(shù)名詞,且在此處也不是特指,所以其前面不需要加冠詞。,14.Hetookadvantageofhis_____friendstogetintothecivilservice.A.incredibleB.accessibleC.influentialD.essential【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。incredible難以置信的;accessible可以進入的;influential有影響的;essential表示“最重要的”,通常作表語;表示“基本的”,通常作定語。句意:他利用那些有權(quán)有勢的朋友到政府行政部門任職。,15．Heappliedforthe_____ofassistantmanagerbutfailed.A.positionB.situationC.conditionD.station【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。position位置,職位;situation情景,形勢;condition狀態(tài),條件,環(huán)境;station車站。句意:他申請經(jīng)理助理的職位,但失敗了。,Ⅳ.閱讀理解Therehavebeenmanynaturaldisasterssinceancienttimes.Inordertofightagainstviolenceofnatureandimprovepeople’slife,manyscientistscreatedlotsofinventions.Hereisoneofthem.,ZhangHeng(78AD—139AD)wasagreatastronomer,mathematician,artistandliteraryscholarintheEasternHanDynastyofChina.Bornintoday’sNanyangCounty,Henan,hewasagoodwriteratage12.Attheageof16,helefthometopursuehisstudyinginthecapitalcity.Hespentatleast10yearsofhisyouthinliterarystudiesandwriting.Hepublishedseveralwell-recognizedliterarywritings.Muchtoeveryone’samazement,heswitchedtoastronomyafterage30andatlasthesucceeded.,Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.In132ZhangHenginventedthefirstseismograph(地震儀)formeasuringearthquakes.Hisdevicewasintheshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonheadsaroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogs,eachdirectlyunderadragonhead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,makinganoise.Healsoinventedtheodometer(里程表).,ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.Inoneofhispublicationshealsosubmittedπ=about3.1466.HemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseancientmathematics.【文章大意】本文主要講了張衡的生平以及他做出的貢獻。,,1.What’sthepassageabout?A.ZhangHeng—afamousastronomer.B.Modernscientistsandtheirinventions.C.ZhangHengandhiscontributions.D.ZhangHengandhishobbies.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。全篇主要介紹張衡和他做出的貢獻。A項內(nèi)容盡管正確,但較片面;B項內(nèi)容與文章第一段內(nèi)容不符。,2.Whenaballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,theseismographZhangHenginventedwouldshow_____.A.howmanymilesawaytherewasanearthquakeB.abigfireoccurredsomewhereC.earthquakeswouldhappenallaroundthecountryD.theremightbeanearthquakeinthisdirection【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouthintoafrog’smouth,makinganoise.”以及常識可知D項為正確答案。,3.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ZhangHengdidwellinliterarystudiesandwriting.B.ZhangHenginventedthecalendar.C.ZhangHengwasthefirstpersoninChinatoconstructarotatingcelestialglobe.D.ZhangHengalsoputforwardπ=about3.1466.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Intheyear123hecorrectedthecalendartobringitintolinewiththeseasons.”可知B項與文章內(nèi)容不符。A、C、D三項都正確。,4．Theunderlinedword“submitted”inthelastparagraphmeans_____.A.wonB.rescuedC.repairedD.proposed【解析】選D。詞義猜測題。結(jié)合單詞所在句子的語境可推測submitted應(yīng)為“提出，主張”的意思。,Ⅴ.任務(wù)閱讀［2011寶雞模擬］根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A~F選項中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項。選項中有一項為多余項。A.Whatisdementia?B．AnewopiniononthecauseofdisabilityC．AstudyondisabilityproblemsofchildrenD．WhatshouldtheWorldHealthOrganizationdotosolvetheproblem?E．AstudyondisabilityproblemsoftheelderlyF．Moreattentionshouldbepaidtooldpeople’sbrainandminddiseases．,,1．TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthatblindnessandothervisualproblemsaretheleadingcausesofdisabilityofolderpeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries．However,someresearchersdisagreewithWHOonthispoint．Theymadeastudyandfoundthattheleadingcauseisdementia（癡呆）．,,2．Dementiaisalossofintellectualabilitythataffectsmemorizing,learningandthinkingabilitiesandotherlanguageskills．Peoplewithdementiamayforgetfamilymembersornotknowwhatdayitis．Sometimestheybecomeangryorsad,andtheycanoftenhearvoices,orseethingsthatareactuallynotthere．,,3．RenataSousafromtheInstituteofPsychiatryatKing’sCollegeLondonandotherresearchersmadeanewstudy．Thestudydealtwiththecausesofdisabilityamongfifteenthousandpeopleagedoversixty-fiveinsevencountries,whichincludeChina,India,Cuba,theDominicanRepublic,Venezuela,MexicoandPeru．TheteamfoundthatdementiawastheleadingcauseofdisabilityoftheelderlyinareasexceptruralIndiaandVenezuel