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第4講 詞義猜測題（一） 詞義猜測題(一) A (2016福建廈門畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Harper Lee, whose 1961 novel To Kill a Mockingbird on the racial troubles of the American deep south, has died at the age of 89. Until last year, Lee had been something_of_a_one－book_literary_legend. To Kill a Mockingbird sold more than 40 million copies around the world and earned her a Pulitzer prize, remaining a towering presence in American literature. Another novel, Go Set a Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a “sequel” to Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be Mockingbirds first draft. But from the moment Mockingbird was published to almost instant success, the author consistently avoided public attention. Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabama—the setting for Maycomb of her famous book. Her neighbor for 40 years, Sue Sellers, said, “She was such a private person. All she wanted was privacy, but she didnt get much. There was always somebody following her around.” James Naughtie, BBC Books Editor, commented on the novels of Harper Lee: “I think she stands, particularly among American readers, as someone who shone a light into a very dark place. She was writing at a time when people were beginning to lift the lid on everything in the South which theyd chosen not to understand. That all changed in the 1960s. So I think her status for writing that book in its extraordinarily direct way will remain.” 體裁：記敘文　題材：人物故事　主題：美國著名作家哈珀李 語篇導(dǎo)讀：文章介紹了美國著名女作家哈珀李及其成名作《殺死一只知更鳥》。 1．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Lee became successful with stories on American south. B．People owe Lees success to luck to some degree. C．Mockingbird makes Lee a wonder in American literature. D．Mockingbird was a bestseller by selling 40m copies. 【解析】　C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分后一句可知，這本書的銷量超過4 000萬冊，且一直在美國文學(xué)史上獨(dú)占鰲頭。正是這本書使她成為美國文學(xué)史上的一個(gè)奇跡，故選C項(xiàng)。 2．What does “Maycomb” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A．A nursing home. B．Lees hometown. C．A fictional place. D．A main character. 【解析】　C　詞義猜測題。Maycomb之前的setting意為“背景”，再結(jié)合其后的of her famous book可知，Maycomb指的是她那本名著的背景，故選C項(xiàng)。 3．Which best describes Americans attitude towards racial troubles before the 1960s? A．Tolerant. B．Unconcerned. C．Sympathetic. D．Dissatisfied. 【解析】　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，在20世紀(jì)60年代之前，美國人對種族問題是不關(guān)心的(unconcerned)，故選B項(xiàng)。tolerant寬容的；容忍的；sympathetic同情的；dissatisfied不滿意的。 4．What can we learn from the text? A．Lee based all her stories on her life. B．Lee had to avoid being followed by her fans. C．Lee wrote Go Set A Watchman before Mockingbird. D．Lee lived in the house where she grew up for the whole life. 【解析】　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知，2015年出版的小說《設(shè)立守望者》是《知更鳥》的初稿，故它是在《知更鳥》之前寫的，故選C項(xiàng)。 B Walt Disney World is banning selfie－sticks from its theme parks because “selfie－sticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said. Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles wont make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also wont be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfie－sticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disneys parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1. Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfie－sticks for pick－up later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resorts hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney Worlds website. The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfie－sticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers. Selfie－stick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing theme－park moments through self－portraits. The tools have been banned in public places—including some museums and stadiums—worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues. Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful.” Universal Orlando has banned selfie－sticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans. 體裁：說明文　題材：介紹說明　主題：禁用自拍桿 語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了迪斯尼公司要求各大主題樂園禁用自拍桿。 5．Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect? A．Smart phones. B．Folding chairs. C．Cameras. D．Containers. 【解析】　B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，在新政策實(shí)施以前，迪斯尼樂園就已經(jīng)禁止折疊椅之類的物品進(jìn)入主題公園，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfie－sticks during the routine bagcheck, they may ________. A．a(chǎn)bandon them at the bag check B．get fined and pick them up later C．turn them in to the police D．put them in the trunk of their cars 【解析】　D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句可知，如果例行檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)自拍桿，游客們可以選擇先上交之后再取回、放回自己的車?yán)锘蚍呕鼐频攴块g，故選D項(xiàng)。 7．The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means ________. A．changing B．broadening C．blocking D．narrowing 【解析】　C　詞義猜測題。文章第五段第二句解釋自拍桿為什么在某些場合被禁用，把各選項(xiàng)單詞代入替換，可推知可能是造成安全問題或者阻擋(block)視線。change改變；broaden拓展；narrow(使)變窄。 8．According to the passage, it can be inferred that ________. A．the ban on the use of selfie－sticks is aimed at ensuring security B．previously guests can take photos with selfie－sticks on thrill rides C．the staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orally D．Universal Orlando has banned selfie－sticks parkwide 【解析】　A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，迪斯尼公司決定禁用自拍桿是為了保證游客的安全，故選A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在only orally；根據(jù)文章最后一段中的but it has not set parkwide bans可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 C Pacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn－taking game. When our habits are similar, theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was happening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping(思維定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in—and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. Thats why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training. 體裁：說明文　題材：社會(huì)文化　主題：文化差異導(dǎo)致說話方式不同 語篇導(dǎo)讀：不同國家和地區(qū)的人談話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間的長短有著明顯的不同，于是便產(chǎn)生了談話時(shí)相互“答不上話”的情況，這不但會(huì)使人們產(chǎn)生誤解，更嚴(yán)重的還會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的工作和生活。 9．What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her? A．Betty was talkative. B．Betty was an interrupter. C．Betty did not take her turn. D．Betty paid no attention to Sara. 【解析】　C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句并結(jié)合第三段內(nèi)容可知，C項(xiàng)正確——由于Betty談話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間太長，Sara感覺她總是接不上話。 10．According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns? A．Americans. B．Israelis. C．The British. D．The Finns. 【解析】　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中幾個(gè)不同國家的人談話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間的比較可知，B項(xiàng)正確，即以色列人談話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間最短。 11．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing B．women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US C．ones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes D．one should receive training to build up ones confidence 【解析】　C　推理判斷題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)槲幕牟町?，不同國家和地區(qū)的人談話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間的長短不同。有些地區(qū)的人由于說話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間太長，而讓人感覺他們不健談，故C項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容相符。 12．The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A．being willing to speak ones mind B．being able to increase ones power C．being ready to make ones own judgment D．being quick to express ones ideas confidently 【解析】　D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知這位女士因?yàn)樵诠ぷ魃喜唤≌?其實(shí)是她講話時(shí)停頓時(shí)間長)而被告知去參加培訓(xùn)，可推知她參加的應(yīng)該是能夠讓她自信地表達(dá)想法的培訓(xùn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。