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專題 40 閱讀填空（三） 關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀理解,推理,詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn),邏輯,語(yǔ)境 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點(diǎn)歸納： “七選五”型閱讀理解題，試題模式為：給出一篇缺少五個(gè)句子的文章，對(duì)應(yīng)有七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處?！犊荚囌f明》對(duì)該題型命題目的的表述為“主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！? 　　此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個(gè)空填錯(cuò)勢(shì)必又影響到對(duì)另外一個(gè)空的選擇。另外，此題有5個(gè)空白處，卻提供7個(gè)選項(xiàng)，因此有2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的干擾選項(xiàng)，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。 　　該題型要求同學(xué)們從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 邏輯關(guān)系型 根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理找到正確答案是閱讀填空最常見的命題形式。試題中常出現(xiàn)的表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞及短語(yǔ)通常有以下四類： 　(a)并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as,besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more 　(b)因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course 　(c)轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that,of course,although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of (d)時(shí)間關(guān)系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具體的時(shí)間。 2015北京卷] This way to dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.__71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First, understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會(huì)) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73__ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.__75__ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. A．Having interesting things to think about also helps. B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C．Without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relativity, Coke or Postit notes. D．At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E．It involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive. F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. G．Therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone. 72. C 　考查邏輯例證。本段談做白日夢(mèng)的好處，greatest ideas and achievements是關(guān)鍵詞，所以本空可以用例證說明greatest ideas and achievements指什么。 73. A 　考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段開篇提出做白日夢(mèng)的機(jī)會(huì)(opportunities)，后面提出增加機(jī)會(huì)的方法，三句為并列關(guān)系，闡述做什么能夠幫助人更好地進(jìn)入白日夢(mèng)的狀態(tài)，因此A選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞also helps最為符合。 74. E 　考查邏輯關(guān)系。整段闡述如何做到專注，與E選項(xiàng)中的selfcontrol，stay calm and attentive相匹配。故選E。 75. G 　考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段段首提出“…never know what wonderful idea might strike…”，后面應(yīng)該提供具體的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，所以建議最好隨時(shí)把好的想法記錄下來(lái)。而記錄所需要的重要工具就是G選項(xiàng)中的notebook(筆記本)和voice recorder(錄音設(shè)備)。故選G。 【技能方法】 1)如果問題在段首 　　(a)通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。 　　(b)與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段?！　? 　　(c)段落間的過渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來(lái)，并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。 　　2)如果問題在段尾 　　(a)空白前的一句或兩句是重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)句，重點(diǎn)閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。 　　(b)通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。 　　(c)與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。 　　(d)與前文是并列或排比關(guān)系。在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞，通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號(hào)線索。前面的一句與正確答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句，通常會(huì)找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。 　　(e)所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。 　　(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。 　　3)如果問題是一整個(gè)自然段 　　(a)這個(gè)段落應(yīng)該是承上啟下，而且自成一體，即有一個(gè)段落的中心，因此可重點(diǎn)閱讀選項(xiàng)中較長(zhǎng)的選項(xiàng)，以此類推直至找到正確答案。 　　(b)著重閱讀前一段結(jié)尾和后一段開頭的一兩句查找相關(guān)的線索，而且重要線索通常會(huì)在后一段開頭，因此后一段開頭往往比前一段結(jié)尾更為重要。 　　(c)分析段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意段落間的銜接手段。將選項(xiàng)代入原文，如果前后內(nèi)容連貫，符合邏輯，就能得出正確答案。 【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】 【江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2017屆高三10月月考】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 With the summer holiday just around the corner, it seems like everybody is busy planning their vacations. Here are some tips that can help you enjoy your holiday without emptying your pocket. Travel off-season Go to your desired destination while the demand is low and take advantage of huge discounts. During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists. 36 37 ] Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms. Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding. Stay with the locals. If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small apartment is a good choice. Eat like a local Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? Planning your meals is another way to reduce your travel costs. During your family trip, try new food where the locals eat. 38 For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout. Don’t hesitate to bargain] Tourist- heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything. Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc. are very expensive at these places. For this reason, you shouldn’t feel ashamed to ask for bargains. 39 Choose local transportation As a tourist, avoid taking taxis whenever possible, since they are expensive. 40 If you are planning to stay for a while, you can consider renting a car. Hiring a car is much easier than carrying your bags everywhere if you are moving around a lot. A. Save on hotels. B. Surf the Internet while traveling. C. Therefore, avoid buying anything there. D. So it’s best to find out when the off-season starts. E. This will not only save money, but offer you a new and different experience. F. Bargain hard to get the best price. G. Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper.].Com]] 38.E考查上下文的理解判斷能力。根據(jù)橫線前一句Why eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new?當(dāng)你能夠經(jīng)歷一些新鮮東西的時(shí)候?yàn)槭裁匆诖蟮倪B鎖酒店吃呢？另外計(jì)劃飲食也可以降低旅游開支。根據(jù)句意能夠?qū)删淝昂蟠?lián)。故E項(xiàng)正確。 39.F考查上下文的理解判斷能力。根據(jù)橫線前所述可知旅游中花費(fèi)很高，由于這個(gè)原因，對(duì)于旅游中的便宜貨不應(yīng)感到羞愧。故F正確。 40.G考查上下文的理解判斷能力。 根據(jù)標(biāo)題選擇當(dāng)?shù)亟煌芍挛膽?yīng)與交通有關(guān)，另外還提到了這個(gè)篇文章的主題，即避免出租車，因?yàn)樗麄儼嘿F。故G正確 【能力提升】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 What problems do you have with your study? Do you want to improve the way you study? Do you feel nervous before a test? Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. __36__ Study Techniques You should always study in the same place. You shouldn’t sit in a position that you use for another purpose. __37__ Don’t watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front of you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need. Apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. __38__ Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat. Test-taking Skills All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means: do not study all night before your test! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months. __39__ Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too. When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. ___40___ A. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention. B. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. C. If so, use these tips to help you. D. Be realistic and don’t try to complete too much in one study period. E. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. F. You will have enough energy to deal with your study and exams by eating healthy diet. G. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. 【解析】 試題分析：注意力不集中既影響學(xué)習(xí)能力又影響考試成績(jī)，作者就怎樣集中注意力給了我們一些建議。 36.C考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上文講學(xué)習(xí)考試中遇到的具體問題，尤其是注意力不集中影響學(xué)習(xí)能力和考試成績(jī)。是提出問題，C項(xiàng)：如果這樣，下面建議會(huì)幫助你。引出下文的解決方法承上啟下，故選C. 37.E考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。上句講要選擇合適的學(xué)習(xí)地點(diǎn)，目的是學(xué)習(xí)不是其他。E項(xiàng)：如果你坐在沙發(fā)上學(xué)習(xí)，大腦就會(huì)認(rèn)為該休息了。是對(duì)上句的具體解釋，故選E. 38.D考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。下文講完成一件事再開始另一件，不要同時(shí)做幾件事。D項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)實(shí)一些不要在同一學(xué)習(xí)階段完成太多。與下文一致，故選D. 考點(diǎn)：考查信息匹配。 【終極闖關(guān)】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Job interviewing never seems to get any easier—even when you have gone on more interviews than you can count. 36 Here are job interview tips to help prepare you to interview effectively. Practice Practice answering interview questions and practice your responses to the typical job interview questions and answers most employers ask. Think of concrete examples you can use to highlight your skills. Research Do your homework about the employer and the industry so you are ready for the question What do you know about this company. 37 If you’re not sure of the name, call and ask ahead of the interview. Try to relate what you have learned about the company when answering questions. 38 Make sure your interview dress is neat, tidy and appropriate for the type of firm you are interviewing with. Bring a nice folder with copies of your resume. Include a pen and paper for note taking. Be On Time] 39 Try to arrive at the interview on time. Being on time means five to ten minutes early. If necessary, take some time to drive to the interview location ahead of time. Stay Calm] During the job interview try to relax and stay as calm as possible . 40 Maintain eye contact with the interviewer. Listen to the entire question (active listening) before you answer and pay attention. Show What You Know Try to relate what you know about the company when answering questions and use examples from your research when answering related questions. A. Get Ready. B. Check yourself. C. Never be late for the interview. D. Keep it in mind that actions speak louder than words. E. Know the interviewer’s name and use it during the job interview. F. However, invest a little time ahead of the interview and it will be much easier to handle. G. Remember your body languages as much as your answers to the questions. 38.A考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講提前準(zhǔn)備合適的穿著、簡(jiǎn)歷、紙筆，這些都是提前的準(zhǔn)備工作，A項(xiàng)概括全段，故選A. 39.C考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講面試要準(zhǔn)時(shí)，C項(xiàng)：面試不要遲到，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選C. 40.G考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講面試要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，G項(xiàng)講肢體語(yǔ)言的具體運(yùn)用，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選G. 考點(diǎn)：考查信息匹配。