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專題 32 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解 關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀理解,細(xì)節(jié),按圖索驥,語境 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點歸納： 理解文中具體信息（細(xì)節(jié)理解） 文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細(xì)節(jié)信息的支持，這些細(xì)節(jié)對于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。命題人員往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準(zhǔn)確地尋求所需的細(xì)節(jié)。這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解可以細(xì)化為： （1）一一對應(yīng)型。答案與題目在表達(dá)形式和意義上直接吻合，一一對應(yīng)，一目了然。屬于淺層次的閱讀試題，分?jǐn)?shù)比例較少。 （2）語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。這是一類間接事實細(xì)節(jié)題，答案與題目在意義上從分運(yùn)用了詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系，即正確選項是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的另類表達(dá)。屬于中檔難度題，分?jǐn)?shù)比例較大。 （3）語意理解型。這是一類深層事實細(xì)節(jié)理解題，答案與題目之間存在著一定的邏輯聯(lián)系，這種聯(lián)系需要建立在事實的基礎(chǔ)上通過上、下文來進(jìn)行判斷、分析、歸納和整合，才能得出正確答案。屬于較高難度的事實細(xì)節(jié)題。 （4）是非辨別型。這是一類綜合事實細(xì)節(jié)題，出題形式常常是“三正一誤”(三項正確，只有一項不符合原文內(nèi)容)或“三誤一正”（三項錯誤，只有一項符合原文內(nèi)容)。 （5）事實排序型。這是一類運(yùn)用多項事實進(jìn)行排序的事實細(xì)節(jié)題，要求根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的先后順序、時間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出時間發(fā)生，發(fā)展的正確順序。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要設(shè)問的方式有： （1）Which of the following statements is True (Not True)? （2）Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage? （3）What is the reason that …? （4）What do we know about…? （5）How did the people know …? （6）Why was … so important to …? 【技能方法】 （1）細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而應(yīng)采取“帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，對照比較，確定答案。 （2）變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常采用詞語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換的形式來取代原文中的表述，命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細(xì)微處做改動，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。 （3）多點歸納，綜合事實找答案。細(xì)節(jié)理解題有時考查的并不是單一的信息，而是多處信息的整合。解答此類“綜合”信息細(xì)節(jié)題時，一定要全面捕捉相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行綜合分析、歸納，切忌根據(jù)“一面之詞”草率地作出結(jié)論。 【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860—1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū)) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907—1964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930—present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(參議員) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913—2005) On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks. 1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 2. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 3. Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day OConnor. D．Rosa Parks. 4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peacelovers. 2．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“…she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知，她因為是女性而被法律公司拒絕錄用。故選C。 3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“…and kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，Rosa Parks為民權(quán)運(yùn)動做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。 4．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對這幾個人物的介紹可知，這些女性都是在各自的領(lǐng)域為社會做出貢獻(xiàn)的先驅(qū)。故選C。 【能力提升】 Whats on? Electric__Underground 7：30 pm—1：00 am　Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7：30 pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee__Whizz 8：30 pm—10：30 pm　Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7：00 pm for drinks and snacks(快餐). Simons__Workshop 5：00 pm—7：30 pm　Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practises many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte__Stone 8：00 pm—11：00 pm　Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. 1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering. 2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope. C. Victoria Stage. D. Pizza World. 3. What do we know about Simons Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday. 4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A. 5：00 pm—7：30 pm. B. 7：30 pm—1：00 am. C. 8：00 pm—11：00 pm. D. 8：30 pm—10：30 pm. 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第二部分中的“Hes the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest.”可知，他是最滑稽的喜劇演員，因此他的演出會讓不同年齡的人都感到快樂。 3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分廣告中的“5：00 pm—7：30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知Simons Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5：00至7：30之間進(jìn)行。因此選D。 4．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四部分中的“Charlotte__Stone 8：00 pm—11：00 pm Pizza World”可知Charlotte Stone將在晚上8：00至11：00之間演唱她最受歡迎的歌曲。 【終極闖關(guān)】 Music Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honours Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 2412742. http：//www.cityopera.com. Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 7231182 for more information. http:__//www.chamberorch.com. Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 3813300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp. College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校園) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theatre. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the wellknown LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I．D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 5564183. http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar. Riverbend Music Theatre: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theatre with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone：2326220. http：//www.riverbendmusic.com. 1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera? A. 2412742. B. 7231182. C. 3813300. D. 2326220. 2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra? A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November. 3. Where can students go for free performances with their I．D. cards? A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall. C. Patricia Cobbett Theatre. D. Riverbend Music Theatre. 4. How is Riverbend Music Theatre different from the other places? A. It has seats in the open air. B. It gives shows all year round. C. It offers membership discounts. D. It presents famous musical works. 【文章大意】 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文通過廣告的形式介紹了幾家舉行音樂演出的劇場的信息。 1．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告Opera at Music Hall中“Phone：2412742.”可知，要想看歌劇應(yīng)撥打電話2412742。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告中的“…which offers several concerts from March through June.”可知，5月份期間可以去聽該音樂會。