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第五講 名詞性從句 1．(2016高考全國乙卷短文改錯)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 2．(2016高考北京卷單選，29改編)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust. 3．(2016高考天津卷單選，11改編)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 4．(2016高考江蘇卷單選，21改編)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 5．(2016高考北京卷單選，24改編)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps. 6．(2015高考北京卷單選，35改編) we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 7．(2015高考江蘇卷單選，25改編) Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it. 8．(2015高考浙江卷單選，6改編)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 9．(2014高考大綱卷單選，24改編)Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. 10．(2012高考新課標全國Ⅰ卷單選，24改編)It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. 11．(2015高考全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 12．(2015高考全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 13．(2014高考廣東卷語法填空)I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. 14．(2015高考全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 15．(2015高考湖南卷單選，26改編)You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 答案：1.that→where　2.that　3.that　4.that 5．Whatever　6.How　7.Where　8.what　9.when 10．what　11.where→that或去掉where　12.how 13．why　14.where→that或去掉where　15.where 1．掌握名詞性從句連接詞的基本用法 (1)連接詞that在從句中沒有任何含義，只起連接作用，不作任何成分； (2)連接詞whether/if意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不作任何成分。若在兩者之間二選一，應選擇whether； (3)連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起連接作用，同時又在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分； (4)連接副詞when，where，why，how既起連接作用，同時又在從句中作狀語。 2．牢記what和that的區(qū)別 (1)that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分，當從句意義完整，不缺任何成分時用that； (2)what在從句中表示“……的(東西)”(有時候可以不譯)，在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。 3．熟記it作形式主語代表從句的句型公式 (1)It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/ important/certain等)＋that從句。 (2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句。 (3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that從句。 (4)It＋特殊動詞(seem/appear/happen/occur/matter)＋that從句。 4．熟記it作形式賓語代表從句的常見句式 (1)動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語補足語時，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。 (2)有些動詞帶從句時習慣上需要在從句前加it，這類動詞有：hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，appreciate，see to等。 5．銘記同位語從句的用法 同位語從句常放在fact，news，word(消息)，idea，truth，doubt，belief，thought，problem等詞的后面，對前面的名詞做進一步解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。引導詞常用that，也可用其他連接詞引導。注意：同位語從句有時不直接跟在它所說明的某個名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze，the environmental problem is Chinese people concern most nowadays. 2．Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal one is lying. 3． shocked us is an Asian Airlines plane flying from Seoul crashed at San Francisco，killing two Chinese girls and sending as many as 130 to the hospital. 4． makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 5． I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 6．Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 7．I’ve put a cross on the map to show that famous hotel is. 8．In fact，I’m wondering my efforts were all in vain. 9．—Is there any particular soup you would like to have? — you select is all right with me. 10．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize diverse the American culture is. 11．Up to now，I havent got any idea we should go on with the project. 12．From space，the earth looks blue.This is about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. 13．(2016江西紅色六校模擬)Its good to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 14．The bride and bridegroom gave attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 15．Sorry，Im late，but you cannot imagine great trouble I took to find your house. 16．The problem is we can improve our reading skills in such a short time. 17．You should be grateful to your employees，because you wouldnt be you are now without them. 18．—Its my treat today.Is there anything particular you would like to have? — you choose is fine with me. 19．What is concerning us greatly is the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. 20．The practical suggestion came from the representatives the new rule be adopted. 答案：1.what　2.that　3.What；that　4.What　5.What　6.that　7.where　8.why　9.Whichever　10.how 11．whether　12.because　13.that　14.whoever　15.what 16．how　17.where　18.Whatever　19.when/how/whether 20．that Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．His promise which he would give away half of the years income to the disabled turned out a lie. 2．Intelligence，perseverance and confidence are that it takes to make a good scientist. 3．We are thinking about whom can be admitted into our club.The number of members is limited. 4．At the evening party the host said who was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward. 5．(2016山東青島模擬)Whether we will do is to leave a note to tell Mum we will be back late. 6．That will matter is not how many books you read，but how much you learn when you finish reading. 7．There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in childrens growth. 8．(2016浙江金華十校模擬)It surprised us all Kate made such big progress in this final exam. 9．Our teacher once told me light travelled much faster than sound. 10．There is a feeling in me well meet again. 答案：1.which→that　2.that→what　3.whom→who 4．who→whoever　5.Whether→What　6.That→What 7．whether→that　8.all后加that　9.travelled→travells 10．me后加that Ⅲ.語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 It was a rainy night in New Orleans.At a bus station in the town，I watched a young girl 1. (cry)as her baggage was taken down.It seemed that she had lost her ticket.She cried and 2. (beg)them not to leave her there. The bus driver had a face of stone 3. no sign of wanting to help，and his heart was 4. (sure)the same.“Losing your ticket is like losing your money，” he said， 5. (leave)the girl in the rain.Then an old Indian stood up and blocked the drivers way，and would not let him pass before he said 6. he had to say.“How can you leave that girl out there？You cant leave her alone.You will meet your schedule， 7. she might meet her end.” The driver still didnt care about the young girls problem.Then the old gentleman bought her a ticket and helped her put away the baggage.“How can I repay for your 8. (kind)？” the girl said，“We are strangers and we wont meet again.A mere‘thank you’doesnt seem enough.” He replied，“What goes around comes around.” This is 9. Ive learned—Whatever you give，you will get it back.Always be 10. (help)and kind to others，and well be helped in the future. 1．解析：crying。watch sb.doing sth.為固定句型，意為“看見某人做某事”。 2．解析：begged。and連接兩個并列成分，時態(tài)應該保持一致。 3．解析：with。司機滿臉木然，沒有想要幫忙的意思。故用with復合結(jié)構(gòu)。 4．解析：surely。此空修飾整個句子，故用副詞形式。 5．解析：leaving。此句謂語動詞為said，可判斷此處用非謂語形式；另外，he和leave存在主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 6．解析：what。said后的賓語從句中，say缺賓語且指物，故用what。 7．解析：but。句意：你去趕時間表，她卻無路可走。根據(jù)句意，這兩句話存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系。 8．解析：kindness。your為形容詞性物主代詞，后應該用名詞。 9．解析：what。is后的表語從句中，learn缺賓語且指物，故用what。 10．解析：helpful。此空與and后的kind并列，故用形容詞形式。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 For a person，belief always plays an important role in his life.Anyone who has strong belief can enjoy a colorfully life.Otherwise，he will lose him in his own way of life. Belief is so important what it can change ones fate.Marie Curie，famous scientist，also has set a good example.In 1898，Marie find a new element in the pitchblende.In order to improve her discovery，Marie and her husband worked hardly.At last they saw at the dim blue light of new element—radium，which made her dream came true. To my personal point of view，it can be seen which one with firmlyheld belief is likely to get successful and master his own life. 答案： Ⅴ.寫作提升 根據(jù)上下文和括號里的提示，用名詞性從句完成語篇。 Dear teachers and classmates， Good morning！What I want to talk about today is 1. (為了健康快樂地成長我們能做什么)． Firstly，it’s wellknown 2. (態(tài)度決定一切)．If we have a positive attitude towards life，we can face whatever difficulty bravely that we will run into in life and try to overcome it.What’s more，we should study hard to enrich our knowledge. The reason is 3. (我們能適應變化，更好地生活)when we have power.Also，I think it’s a good idea 4. (我們應該結(jié)交一些好朋友)，who can share happiness and sorrow with us.Last but not least，we are supposed to do exercise regularly.It can help us to keep fit. To sum up，I believe 5. (只要我們能把上面的事情做好)，we will grow up happily and healthily.Don’t you think so? That’s all.Thank you. 答案：1.what we can do to grow up happily and healthily 2．that attitude decides everything 3．that we can adapt to changes and enjoy life better 4．that we should make some good friends 5．that so long as we do all the things above well 名詞性從句 [注意](1)主語從句作主語，主句謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；為使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語。 (2)表語從句還可以用as if，as though引導。 (3)表示“是否”，引導賓語從句時可用if或whether，但在介詞后或直接與or not連用時，只能用whether引導；引導表語從句、同位語從句或位于句首的主語從句時，只能用whether，不用if。 (4)同位語從句一般放在fact，news，idea，promise，suggestion，advice等抽象名詞之后，說明或解釋這些抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容。多用that引導，不能由which引導。 (5)在表示“建議”“命令”“要求”，如advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，request等詞后的名詞性從句，其謂語通常用“(should＋)動詞原形”。 (6)that引導名詞性從句時，沒有任何意義，也不作任何句子成分；但that引導定語從句時，它代表先行詞，而且在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。如： I still remember the promise that he made．(定語從句) The naughty boy made a promise that he would never make a noise．(同位語從句) (7)what可引導名詞性從句但不能引導定語從句。what引導名詞性從句，有時相當于“the＋名詞＋that”，表示“(所)……的”。如：What(＝The thing that)you said was right.