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情態(tài)動詞與高考(復習課),一、情態(tài)動詞的基本特征:情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義，表示說話的語氣或情態(tài)，但不能單獨在句中作謂語，只能同動詞原形一道構成句子謂語，它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，大多用于所有人稱。,二、常見的情態(tài)動詞：can/could,beableto,may/might,must,haveto,need,dare/dared,should,oughtto,shall,will/would,,三、情態(tài)動詞考點分布情況：,㈠、常見情態(tài)動詞的基本用法：can/could：“能、會”“可以”（用于現(xiàn)在、過去和將來三種時態(tài)）can’t/couldn’t：“不能、不可以”beableto：“能、會”（用于多種時態(tài)）may/might：“可以（=can/could）”must：“必須、一定”（表主觀看法，）haveto：“必須、不得不”（表客觀需要，有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化）mustn‘t：“一定不、千萬不”表禁止之意neednt=donthaveto：“不必”,1.Acomputer_______thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.(91)A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot2.--Willyoustayforlunch?(99)--Sorry,______.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont3.--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou_________.(92)A.mightB.willC.canD.should4.Johnny,you________playwiththeknife,you________hurtyourself.(96)A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt,√,√,√,√,5.How______yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may(2001上海)6.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will（2003）7.–Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.(2004江蘇)--You_________.I’mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t8.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry_______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.（2004上海）A.mustB.mayC.canD.need,√,√,√,√,9.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_______getout.(97)A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto,注意：could：表過去的能力作“能、會”講時，可與was/wereableto互換，但在表示過去經(jīng)過努力才完成的事情時（即：managedtodosth.），只用was/wereableto，不可用could；,√,2、shall：用作情態(tài)動詞：A、用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見或向對方提出建議；--ShallTom/Isweepthefloortoday?--Ok./Thatsagoodidea.B、用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的“命令”“禁止”“警告”“許諾”“威脅”等。如：YoushalldoasIsay.（=must表命令）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（表警告）Tellhimthatheshallgetthebooktomorrow.(許諾）,,10.–Theroomissodirty.__________wecleanit?--Ofcourse.(2003北京春)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do,√,3.should的用法①.should=oughtto：應當、應該（表義務、責任）Youshouldn’tbesocareless.你不應當這樣粗心大意。②.should：“竟然”表驚奇、遺憾等Itisastonishingthatweshouldfindviolencehere.我們這兒竟然有有暴力行為，真令人震驚。③.should：可能、該（表可能性、推測或推論）TheyshouldhavearrivedinBeijingbythistime.他們這時候應該已到北京了。Thereportiswrittenaftercarefulinvestigation,soitisshouldbereliable,11.Imsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)______trick.（2001春）A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple12.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.(95)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can13.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.(98)--They________bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need14.I_______payTracyavisit,butI’mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.（2004浙江）A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could,√,√,√,√,④.should：“應該”（表虛擬）句型一：insist等+that-clause（“should+動詞原形”或“動詞原形”）能用此句型的動詞有：二命令：order,command三建議：suggest,advise,propose四要求：require,request,demand,desire但是：insist（堅持說/堅持認為），suggest（暗示/表明）后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.Thedarkcloudssuggestthatitisgoingtorainsoon.,㈡.can/could,may/might和must表推測：,1、must：“一定是、準是”只用于肯定，其結構如下：must+動詞原形：對現(xiàn)在情況的推測；must+bedoing：對現(xiàn)在情況的推測；must+havedone：對過去情況的推測；2、can/could：用于否定和疑問，can‘t/couldn’t+動詞原形：“不可能……”can‘t/couldn’t+bedoing：“不可能在做……”can‘t/couldn’t+havedone：“不可能已經(jīng)……”3、may/might：“也許、可能”用于肯定、否定，may/might+動詞原形：may/might+havedone：may/mightnot+動詞原形：may/mightnot+havedone：,15.Peter______comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.(93)A.mustB.mayC.canD.will16.--AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?(2000)--Imnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might17.Ididnthearthephone.I________asleep.(89)A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen18.--Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.(95)--It_________acomfortablejourney.A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen19.--Doyouthinkourbasketballersplayedverywellyesterday?--____.（2001上海）A.TheywerenotnervousatallB.TheywerestillyoungC.TheyplayednaturallyD.Theycouldnthavedonebetter,√,√,√,√,√,20.–IsJohncomingbytrain?（2002）--Heshould,buthe___not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may21.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughter_____goanddotheopposite!(2003春)A.mayB.canC.mustD.should22.–Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.--It_______truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.mustC.couldD.would(2002北京)23.You________betired;you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.(2004)A.mustnotB.won’tC.can’tD.maynot24.–Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?--Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit_______be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can(2004湖北)25.–Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?(2004安徽)--No,it____behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot,√,√,√,√,√,√,注意：must/can/may表推測時，其反意疑問句的構成如下：Hemustbeintheclassroom,isnthe?Hemusthaveseenthefilm,hasnthe?Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastmonth,didnthe?,㈢、情態(tài)動詞表虛擬時的結構情態(tài)動詞后接完成體的四個句型：①、could/mighthavedone：“本來可以……”②、should/oughttohavedone：“本應該……”③、shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone：“本不該……”④、neednthavedone：“本不必……”注意：以上四個結構都指過去的情況,表并未如此,在客觀陳述事實時要用一般過去時.,26.SorryImlate.I_______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will（2000春）27.--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.(98)--Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed28.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.(94)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleft(2001)C.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave30.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold(93),√,√,√,√,√,2.含if條件句的復合句中：句型一：If（過去式/were），主句(should/would/could/might+動原)“愿意、會/能/也許”句型二：If（haddone），主句(should/would/could/might+havedone)“愿意、會/能/也許”,31.Ifmylawyer____herelastSaturday,he____mefromgoing.(89)A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented32.--Ifhe_______,he_______thatfood.(93)--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,√,√,33.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(94)A.hascomeD.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome34.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.(96)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot35.Withoutelectricityhumanlife______quitedifferenttoday.(91)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe,√,√,√,,可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need、dare,,,,情態(tài)動詞(+動詞原形),行為動詞,,,,,,.,need,dare,1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑問句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或與hardly,never,noone,nobody連用;,3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出現(xiàn);,4.dare有其過去時dared.,多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing,,,,注意對need問句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.,youmust,youneedn’t,youdon’thaveto,,needn’t對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.,needn’t(don’thaveto),needn’t(don’thaveto),,,表示推測——情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.,肯定的推測可能的推測否定的推測疑問的推測,must,,,,,,,,對將來對現(xiàn)在對過去,情態(tài)動詞,may,might,can’t,couldn’t,can,could,+V.+V.+havedone常見mustbe+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing,