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Take Between Shaft Differential Thansfer Characteristic Analysis
In many of the drive shaft car, it is a thansfer transmission and between axles in the transmission chain of used to increase output, transmission torque, to enlarge the scope of change, and torque distribution to driving axle.
Thansfer types and characteristics
From the structure and function to see, can be divided into two kinds big. Thansfer
The first kind is gear type thansfer. General gear type thansfer drive, rear axle before two of output shaft in joints front drive meshing set for when the rigid connection. This kind of simple structure, the past in thansfer all kinds of full wheel drive car widely used, its shortcoming is no guarantee that the place before, rear wheel speed is equal, in the course of driving inevitably will generate the power cycle phenomenon. This will make the drive wheels load, a substantial increase in the tire and wear parts intensifies, fuel economy down. Therefore, should be in a separation of thansfer front axle drive device, in car through the gliding paragraph can engage front axle. In addition, general gear type thansfer assigned to the former, rear axle torque ratio between. So this will add to the adhesive condition good driving axle driving force, but may make the bridge for overload and damage. Therefore, currently USES this kind of thansfer car less and less.
Another kind is to take between shaft differential thansfer. This kind of thansfer in before and after the output shaft is between a planetary gear shaft type between differential. It's just overcome the shortcomings, two of the output shaft can be different speed rotation, and according to certain proportion will be assigned to torque, before and after driving axle, already can make the front axle often in driving conditions, and can keep the wheel motor coordination, so don't need a pick up front axle drive from the device. In selecting a belt between shaft differential thansfer, try to make before, rear axle shaft torque distribution close to Hollywood, and to make RenYiQiao distribution of the maximum input torque not more than the bridge's allow input torque. In order to avoid a bridge in the wheels skid completely lost when driving force, this kind of thansfer needs to set between shaft differential locks, so that in a bridge in the wheel slippage will thansfer before and after the output shaft for an organic whole, improve the lock by sex.
Take between shaft differential thansfer characteristic analysis
Take axis of the differential between general set apart in thansfer differential planetary mechanism, can exercise decomposition and synthesis; And make thansfer compact structure, carrying capacity, stable, the noise is small, the life is long. The differential between shaft thansfer is essentially a two degrees of freedom differential linear, of which planet shelf to active parts, surface wheel and tooth lap is center follower, respectively with the before and after the output shaft drive connected. Two follower influenced by certain external conditions, thus make the constraints of the planet reliable transmission line.
（1） Torque distribution characteristics
This illustration shows the belt between shaft differential transmission schemes, among them, thansfer respectively, the sun wheel, tooth circle and planet shelf rotation velocity;For the sun, respectively, and the circle and planet shelf rotation radius.
Thansfer in before and after the output shaft speed operation, have =. The planet round 4 revolution and not only rotation, the planet round on A, B, C, respectively, linear velocity at three V1 = r1w1 V2 = r2w2 V3 = (V1 + V2) / 2 so at this moment, the whole planet
similar row A whole participate in transmission, differential doesn't work.
（2）Differential property
Thansfer output shaft rotation speed before and after the car in the actual operation of the rare. Due to the differences between road conditions and radius, the turning of the car driving, and other factors, the shaft will work between differential. Here in the shaft of the differential between biaxial car as an example:
Before and after the car wheels that bridge rolling radius, making for a greater than driving axle wheels, before and after the wheel axis of the translation of the actual speed and driving speed, will produce consistent before sliding of the rear wheel turn skaters movement, thus cause to the trend and produce different direction wheel additional cut to force. These additional cut to force reaction to thansfer planet round, will make the planet wheel lock by torque no longer balance, and happen, the rotation angular velocity for
rotation. Due to the rotation of the planet round, the A and B two points on the linear velocity will also take place corresponding velocity increment. The show that at any time in the differential between shaft thansfer can be the law, so that it can avoid running all the wheel drive power cycle when phenomenon. Due to differential output shaft of two speed maintain these relations, so as to make the translation speed control of the wheel, tend to be equal to keep up the pure rolling and no sliding state.
(3) Thansfer characteristics of the car through the sexual influence
Take shaft differential between two thansfer shaft torque always maintain certain relation, the car through the difficult road is very harmful. For example when a car is unnecessary wheel in the pavement, other smaller adhesion wheels in a good road, the car driving resistance of much bigger, because the shaft of the differential effect between thansfer, in good road wheels stop and do not move, and the output shaft before thansfer to certain speed rotation, drive wheels skid, car can't front axle road, this kind of circumstance, such as in time, make thansfer self-locking differential output shaft is two shaft into the shaft, rigid connection between differential doesn't work, the output shaft after thansfer torque increases, which make full use of the wheel and the surface, make good adhesive condition car pulled out of difficult sections.
帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器特性分析
在多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)上設(shè)有分動(dòng)器，它位于變速器和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋之間的傳動(dòng)鏈中，用來(lái)增大變速器輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩，以擴(kuò)大變范圍，并將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。
分動(dòng)器類(lèi)型及其特點(diǎn)
從結(jié)構(gòu)和功能來(lái)看，分動(dòng)器可分為兩大類(lèi)。
第一種是齒輪式分動(dòng)器。一般齒輪式分動(dòng)器驅(qū)動(dòng)前，后橋的兩根輸出軸在接合前驅(qū)動(dòng)嚙合套時(shí)為剛性連接。這類(lèi)分動(dòng)器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，過(guò)去在各類(lèi)全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)上廣泛使用，其缺點(diǎn)是不能保證前、后輪的地方速度相等，在行駛過(guò)程中不可避免地要產(chǎn)生功率循環(huán)現(xiàn)象。這將使驅(qū)動(dòng)輪載荷大幅度增加，輪胎及機(jī)件磨損加劇，燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性下降。為此，需在分動(dòng)器中另設(shè)分離前橋驅(qū)動(dòng)的裝置，在汽車(chē)通過(guò)滑溜段時(shí)可以接合前橋。另外，一般齒輪式分動(dòng)器分配給前、后橋的轉(zhuǎn)矩比例不定。這樣雖然會(huì)增加附著條件較好的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，但可能使該橋因超載而損壞。為此，目前采用這類(lèi)分動(dòng)器的汽車(chē)越來(lái)越少。
另一種是帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器。這類(lèi)分動(dòng)器在前、后輸出軸之間有一個(gè)行星齒輪式軸間差速器。它正好克服了上述缺點(diǎn)，兩根輸出軸可以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，并按一定的比例將轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給前、后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，既可使前橋經(jīng)常處于驅(qū)動(dòng)狀態(tài)，又可保證各車(chē)輪運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)，所以不需要另設(shè)接離前橋驅(qū)動(dòng)的裝置。在選用帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器時(shí)，盡量使前、后橋轉(zhuǎn)矩分配接近于軸荷分配，并使任一橋的最大輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩不超過(guò)該橋的允許輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩。為了避免在某一橋的車(chē)輪打滑時(shí)完全喪失驅(qū)動(dòng)力，這類(lèi)分動(dòng)器需設(shè)軸間差速鎖，以便在某一橋車(chē)輪出現(xiàn)打滑的情況下將分動(dòng)器前、后輸出軸鎖為一體，提高通過(guò)性。
帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器特性分析
帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器中一般設(shè)置單排行星機(jī)構(gòu)差速器，可進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)分解和合成；并使分動(dòng)器結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，承載能力大，工作平穩(wěn)，噪聲小，壽命長(zhǎng)。分動(dòng)器中的軸間差速器實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)二自由度的差動(dòng)輪系，其中行星架為主動(dòng)件，面中心輪及齒圈為從動(dòng)件，分別與前、后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的輸出軸相連。兩從動(dòng)件受一定的外界條件的約束，從而使行星排可靠地傳動(dòng)。
（1）轉(zhuǎn)矩分配特性
下圖為帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器傳動(dòng)示意圖，其中、、分別為太陽(yáng)輪、齒圈及行星架的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角速度；、、分別為太陽(yáng) 、齒圈及行星架的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)半徑。
在分動(dòng)器前、后輸出軸等速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，有 =。行星輪4只有公轉(zhuǎn)而無(wú)自轉(zhuǎn)，行星輪上A、B、C三點(diǎn)的線速度分別為：V1= r1w1 V2=r2w2 V3=(V1+V2)/2,所以此時(shí)整個(gè)行星排類(lèi)同于一個(gè)整體參與傳動(dòng)，差速器不起作用。
（2）差速特性
分動(dòng)器前后輸出軸等速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的情況在汽車(chē)實(shí)際運(yùn)行中很少發(fā)生。由于車(chē)輪半徑差異、路面狀況及汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛等原因，軸間差速器將起作用。下面以雙軸汽車(chē)的軸間差速器為例：
假設(shè)汽車(chē)前后橋車(chē)輪的滾動(dòng)半徑大于后橋車(chē)輪，為使前、后車(chē)輪輪軸的實(shí)際平移速度與汽車(chē)行駛速度相一致，必將產(chǎn)生前輪滑轉(zhuǎn)后輪滑移的運(yùn)動(dòng)趨勢(shì)，因而引起地面對(duì)前后車(chē)輪產(chǎn)生不同方向的附加切向反力。這些附加切向反力反應(yīng)到分動(dòng)器行星輪上，將使行星輪鎖受轉(zhuǎn)矩不再平衡，而發(fā)生自轉(zhuǎn)，其自轉(zhuǎn)角速度為。由于行星輪的自轉(zhuǎn)，其上A、B兩點(diǎn)的線速度也將發(fā)生相應(yīng)的速度增量。其表明在任何時(shí)候分動(dòng)器中的軸間差速器都能被此規(guī)律運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，這樣就可以避免全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)的功率循環(huán)現(xiàn)象。由于差速器兩輸出軸的轉(zhuǎn)速保持上述關(guān)系，從而使前后輪輪軸的平移速度趨于相等，各車(chē)輪也能保持純滾動(dòng)而無(wú)滑動(dòng)狀態(tài)。
（3）分動(dòng)器特性對(duì)汽車(chē)通過(guò)性的影響
帶軸間差速器的分動(dòng)器兩軸輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩始終保持一定的比例關(guān)系，這對(duì)汽車(chē)通過(guò)困難路段是很不利的。例如當(dāng)汽車(chē)某一車(chē)橋的車(chē)輪處于附著力較小的路面，其它車(chē)輪處于良好的路面時(shí)，則汽車(chē)的行駛阻力較大的情況下，由于分動(dòng)器的軸間差速器作用，處于良好路面上的車(chē)輪停止不動(dòng)，而分動(dòng)器的前輸出軸將以一定的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)前橋車(chē)輪打滑，汽車(chē)無(wú)法行駛，這種情況下，如及時(shí)鎖差速器，使分動(dòng)器兩軸輸出軸則成剛性連接，使軸間差速器不起作用，則分動(dòng)器后輸出軸上的轉(zhuǎn)矩增大，從而充分利用了車(chē)輪與地面的良好附著條件，使汽車(chē)駛出困難路段。