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111 Period 5 Grammar The General Idea of This Period This period lays emphasis on grammar, that is, the past participle used as the object complement, which is also one of the difficult points in Senior English grammar. First, revise what the students have learnt in the last period by checking their homework, including some important phrases and translating some sentences from Chinese into English. In this unit the students should learn about the past participle used as the object complement. First, the teacher presents one sentence containing a past participle used the object complement, which was taken from the reading passage.Teacher tries to analyze the function of the past participle and help the students have a general idea about it.Then the students are asked to find all the sentences that contain a past participle used as the object complement in the Reading passage.Then the students can come to a conclusion of the basic structure of the past participle used as the object complement, that is, have/get/find/...+object +past participle.Next the teacher will explain the differences between the present participle and the past participle.The teacher compares them when are used as the attributive, predicate, object complement and adverbial.In order to do so, the teacher always shows some typical examples.After that, the students will find out the difference between them.Then they are provided with some exercises for them to consolidate what they have learned. In order to consolidate the grammar points, the students will do some oral practice.In this practice, the students will ask and answer some questions in pairs, using the past participle as the object complement.The students should not only learn about the grammar, but also learn how to use them, which is much more important.Also this part can help the students to communicate with each other using the language that they have learned, and this is the real purpose of learning the target languages. Teaching Important Point Learn grammar: the past participle used as the object complement. Teaching Difficulties Know the differences between the present participle and the past participle when they are used as the attributive, predicate, object complement and adverbial. Learn to make a choice between the present participle and the past participle according to the different context. Teaching Aids a tape recorder  a projector  the blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge Aims Learn the past participle used as the object complement. Know the differences between the present participle and the past participle when they are used as the attributive, predicate, object complement and adverbial. Ability Aims Learn to make a choice between the present participle and the past participle according to the different context. Learn to communicate with each other by using the language that they have learned. Emotional Aims Learn to cooperate with each other. Teaching Procedure Step 1 Greetings Teacher greets the students as usual. Step 2 Revision T: At the beginning of this period, let’s check your homework.First, please write down the phrases according to the Chinese explanations. S: 1) 與……連結(jié) be linked to 2) 令某人驚訝的是 to one’s surprise 3) 到處尋找, 觀光 look around 4) 睜大眼睛 keep one’s eyes open 5) 在特殊的場合 on special occasions 6) 為了紀(jì)念…… in memory of 7) 拍一張照片 have a photo taken 8) 展出 on show 9) 為……感到驕傲 be proud of 10) 遺留, 漏掉 leave out T: Good.Now, let’s check your translations of the five sentences. S1: When David Beckham arrived in Japan, the thrilled fans all went to meet him. S2: In order to celebrate my cousin’s wedding, my aunt and uncle had an evening party arranged. S3: It is probably puzzling, but to set an example can help to clarify the puzzle. S3: Don’t be influenced by her words.You must decide for yourself. S4: Polar took the place of her father to treat the guests at the party, since her father was not available to. Step 3 Discovering Useful Structures T: In the last unit we learnt about the past participle used as the attributive.Now let’s look at the following sentence taken from the passage.Please tell me what function is the past participle. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. S: It is used as the object complement. T: You are right.So in this unit we will learn about the past participle used as the object complement.The structure is often formed with have /get /find/...+object +past participle.Please find three more sentences from the reading passage with past participles used as the object complement. 　(After several minutes.) S1: To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war.(Para.3)  S2: However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.(Para.3) S3: You find most of the population settled in the South, but most of the large industrial cities in the Midlands ad North of England.(Para.5) T: Yes, you are very clever.Now, look at Part 2 (Discovering useful structures) on Pages 12-13.Complete the sentences by using the words in brackets and the structure have /get /find something done. T: Let’s do No.1 as an example.We are having the house mended now. 　(After several minutes.) S1: No.2 You look different today.Have you had your hair cut? S2: No.3 Do you want to get the dictionary delivered to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it? S3: No.4 Sorry, I haven’t had the film developed yet. S4: No.5 On my way to the station my car broke down.When I got to the repair shop I found it closed. S5: No.6 The computer doesn’t seem to work well.You’d better get it repaired. S6: No.7 Jill and Eric had all their money stolen while they were on holiday. S7: No.8 Chris had some flowers sent to Sarah on her birthday.Then Chris asked Sarah to marry hem and they had it announced in the newspaper.They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company. T: Excellent.Past participle used as the object complement can also be put after such words as see, hear, notice, watch, keep, make, feel, etc.Please put the following sentences into English. 1.她高興地看到孩子們在托兒所受到很好的照顧。 2.我感到心里輕松了好些。 3.我們應(yīng)該讓他知道這兒發(fā)生的情況。 4.你說話至少要讓別人聽懂。 5.他曾聽人用德語唱過這支歌。 Suggested answers: 1.She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery. 2.I felt a great weight taken off my mind. 3.We should keep him informed of what is going on here. 4.When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood. 5.He once heard the song sung in German. T: You did a very good job.Now let’s look at three sentences with“have/get sth.sth.done”. Please try to find out the differences between them. 1.I had(＝got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon. 2.We must have(＝get) the work finished by Tuesday. 3.I had my leg broken when I got off the bus. T: Do you think the structure“have /get sth.done”has the same meaning in the three sentences Ss: No. T: Then can you explain the differences? S: In the first sentence, “have /get sth. done”means“to ask someone else to do sth.”.In the second sentence, the subject himself or herself may take part in the work.But in the third sentence, “have /get sth. done”means“to meet with something unpleasant”. T: You are very clever. T: Now, let’s compare the use between the present participle and the past participle.Look at the following examples:  The boiling water is hot. You can use the boiled water to make tea. T: Can you tell me the differences between boiling water and boiled water? S: “Boiling water”refers to the water that is boiling at the moment, while“boiled water”refer to the water that has been boiled. T: Yes, they are different both in voices and time.Try to finish the following sentences using the proper forms of the verbs. 1.Come tomorrow and give the application to the man __________ (sit) at that desk. 2.Is this the book __________ (recommend) by our teacher? 3.We have to pay duties on goods __________ (import) from abroad. 4.The house __________ (stand) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. (Teacher gives the students several minutes to think about these sentences.) T: Now, let’s check your answers. Suggested answers: 1.sitting 2.recommended 3.imported  4.standing T: You are right.Please look at the following two sentences. 1.This is the most confusing system I have ever seen. 2.The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time. T: What are the meanings of “confusing”and“confused”? S: “Confusing”means“令人困惑的”and“confused”means“感到困惑的”. T: You are right.When referring to something, we often use the present participle, with the meaning of“令人……的”.When referring to somebody, we often use the past participle, with the meaning of“感到……的”.Look at the following words and write down their meanings in the brackets. amazing (　　) amazed (　　) annoying (　　) annoyed (　　) boring (　　) bored (　　) surprising (　　) surprised (　　) S: amazing (令人驚訝的) amazed (感到驚訝的)  annoying（令人生氣的） annoyed（感到生氣的）  boring（令人厭倦的） bored（感到厭倦的） surprising（令人驚訝的） surprised（感到驚訝的）  T: You are right.Now let’s look at another two sentences:  1.Don’t keep the visitor waiting. 2.Where did you get your book printed? T: Both“waiting”and“printed”are used as object complement.What’s the difference between them? S: In the first sentence it is the visitor that is waiting.In the second sentence your book is printed. T: So we can summarize the difference as follows: if the object is the logical subject of the participle, we often use the present participle.If the object is the object of the participle, we often use the past participle.Now, try to translate the following sentences into English, using the present participle and the past participle as the object complement. 1.忽然他聽見有人輕輕敲窗子。 2．我進(jìn)屋時發(fā)現(xiàn)他在朗讀什么。 3．你還是請人把鞋子補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)吧。 4．他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)房間給徹底地打掃了。 (Teacher gives the students several minutes to finish the task.) T: Now, let’s check your answers. Suggested answers: 1.Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 2.When I entered the room, I found him reading something aloud. 3.You’d better have your shoes mended. 4.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned. T: You did an excellent job.As we all know, the present participle and the past participle can also be used as adverbial.Look at the following two sentences:  1.Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted. 2.Written in haste, the essay had some errors. T: Now, I will explain the difference between them.When the act that the participle refers to is done by the subject of the main clause, we often use the present participle.When the subject of the main clause is the object of the participle, we often use the past participle.Next finish the following sentences by filling in the blanks according to the translations in the brackets. 1. __________（順大路往前走）she saw a tall building. 2. __________（由于不知道她的地址）, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 3. __________（由于在農(nóng)民中工作多年）, he knew them very well. 4. __________（如果管理得好一些）, the cabbages could have grown better. 5. __________（在他事跡的影響下）, they performed countless good deeds. (After a few minutes.) Suggested answers: 1.Walking down the road 2.Not knowing her address 3.Having worked among the peasants for many years 4.Given better attention 5.Influenced by his example T: Yes, you have done a very good job. Step 4 Consolidation T: Turn to Page 50, and look at Exercise 1 in Using Structure.Answer the following questions using the past participle as the object complement.Do them with your partner.If you have any trouble, I will come to help you. (The students practice in pairs; meanwhile the teacher goes around the classroom and helps them if they have any trouble.) T: Now I will ask pairs of to ask and answer these questions. S: What did you find had happened to your flower pots when you got home? S: I found it broken. S: What did you do when the paths were covered in snow and you were away? S: I had them cleared up. (Teacher asks other pairs to demonstrate their dialogues.) Step 5 Homework 1.Finish Exercises 2 in Using Structures on Page 51. 2.Finish the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets. 1) I don’t know the girl __________ (catch)in the snow storm. 2) Do you know the girl __________ (seat)on the stone? 3) Do you still remember__________ (take)to your hometown ten years ago? 4) Charlie Chaplin is considered __________ (make)a great contribution to the film industry. 5) When __________ (heat), ice changes into water. 6) Professor Li is often seen __________ (write)something in his office. 7) __________ (compare)with you, we still have a long way to go. 8) They haven’t decided when __________ (leave)for Shanghai. Suggested answers: 1.caught　2.seated　3.being taken　4.to have made　5.heated　6.to write7.Compared　8.to leave The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　The United Kingdom Period 5 Grammar Ⅰ.Example:  Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Ⅱ.have/get/find...+object +past participle Ⅲ.Comparing present participle with past participle Research and Activities Play the game“What did they find?” Write one sentence about what Mr and Mrs Smith found when they came home from work one day.Remember to use the past participle as the object complement. Example: They found the window broken. Divide the class into groups of five.Give a piece of paper to the first person in each group who folds the paper over his/her writing, so the next person cannot see it.Pass the paper to the next person in the group.When the last one in the group has finished writing, he/she comes to the front of the class to read all the ideas of his/her group.The one with the most interesting ideas wins. Reference for Teaching have sth.done, have sb.do, have sb./sth.doing與have sth.to do等四種句型的區(qū)別 (1)have sth.done常用來表示“(主語)請別人完成某事”或表示“(主語)遭受某種不幸的情況”, 其中have可用get替換。 例如:  ①Why don’t you have(＝get) that suit cleaned? 你為什么不請人把那套衣服洗一洗? ②I can’t have(＝get) the car started.我不能啟動這輛車。 ③I had(＝got) my watch broken.我的手表給弄壞了。 “have sth.done”用于否定句中時, 表示“不允許……”“不讓”。 例如: ①I won’t have anything said against her.我不會允許有任何反對她的言論。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.我不會讓我的房子變成一個旅館。 (2)have sb.do 表示“請某人完成某事”, 可以用“get sb.to do”結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。 例: ①I had him repair my bike.(＝I got him to repair my bike.) 我請他修理自行車。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.別忘了叫他來。 “have sb.do”結(jié)構(gòu)還有以下用法:  1)表示主語無意識的行為, 這時“have”作“有”解。 例: These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. 這些小動物很高興有人看他們。 2)主語“經(jīng)歷”某事。 例: He had his mother die.他遭喪母。 3)在否定句中, 作“容忍”“允許”。 例: I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允許你說她這樣的話。 (3)have sb./sth.doing 常表示“讓某人做某事”, “讓某情況發(fā)生”之意, 含有動作正在進(jìn)行之意。 例: ①He soon had them all laughing.他很快讓他們都笑了起來。 ②I have a car waiting for me.我讓一部車在等我。 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中, 表示“不能讓”“不允許”。 例: We can’t have that sort of thing happening.我們不能讓那類事情發(fā)生。 (4)have sth.to do 表示“有某事要完成”, 其中不定式作定語, 且常用主動形式。 例: ①I have some letters to write.我有幾封信要寫。 ②He has a large family to support.他有一大家人要養(yǎng)活。 如果不定式所表示的動作不是由句子的主語來完成, 該不定式則須用被動形式。 例: “Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked. 傭人問道: “你今天有沒有衣服要(我)洗?” Something about the UK English Manners and Etiquette The first rule English children come across at an early age is the importance of saying“please”and“Thank you.”Supplication, gratitude and, most important of all, apology are central to English social intercourse. “Excuse me, ”“I’m sorry to tell...”when apology, regret or fear have nothing to do with it are all forms of social lubrication which spare others’ feelings and make life a little easier. It is difficult for outsiders to learn how to wield the vocabulary necessary, but the starting point is to understand that it is almost impossible linguistically to be over-grateful, over-apologetic or over-polite when it comes to the point.Thus, the English man or woman whose toe you tread on will be“so sorry”presumably earlier.He or she will thank you“so much”when you stop treading on it or, if you do not, ask you to with a routine of pleases and thank-yous that would last any other national half a lifetime.It’s just the English way. The English Sense of Humour The English have an island culture-quirky(古怪的) and self-contained（持重的, 有自制力的）.Much of their humour is highly sophisticated and elusively（難以理解地）subtle（隱晦的, 深奧難測的）. The English rarely say what they mean and tend towards reticence（節(jié)制） and understatement. So, while in conversation they avoid truths which might lead to confrontation, in their humour they mock（嘲笑）that avoidance.For instance: At dinner in a great country house, one of the guests drinks too much wine, and slumps（陷落）across the table.The host rings for the butler and says: “Smithers, could you please prepare a room.This gentleman has kindly consented to stay the night.” The English often happily poke fun at themselves.Complain about some aspect of English life that is quite awful and they will gleefully tell stories of trains that never arrive, of bureau-cratic bungling that has driven honest citizens to suicide, or of food so disgusting even a dog wouldn’t eat it. The English love irony and expect others to appreciate it too.For example, one hill walker to another: “It’s only six miles by the map, yet your navigation made it ten.” Yes, but doing it in ten gives one a much greater feeling of accomplishment.” English Homes and Gardens It is largely thanks to the variable climate in England that the English lavish so much attention on their homes and gardens.They employ their leisure hours with an endless cycle of“home improvements”without which no home can ever be considered fully improved. Inside and out they busy themselves installing electronic gadgets, shower, and built-in furniture. The English man drives his impeccably polished vehicle up on to ramp, which he buys from the DIY shop, and tinkers around underneath it for hours on end. You might think that, with all these self-servicing, self-decorating and improving, English skilled labourers would be out of a job or two.But this is not the case.Sooner or later, these experts have to be called in to make good for the damage caused by the amateur. The English Adore Animals It is an English maxim that a person who likes animals cannot be all bad.The English adore animals—all kinds of animals.They keep them, not, as other nations do, primarily to guard their property, for scientific interest or for status, but for company. Animals, especially pets, are vital to English life.They are not always very good at talking to each other, but they excel in conversation with their animal. Pet owners’ homes are shrines to their animals.The best seats, the warmest spots, the choicest morsels are handed over to these household gods as a matter of course.The British spend around 1.7 billion annually on pet food, twice as much as the total market for tea and coffee. Cats and dogs, parrots and guinea pigs are excused behaviour which if seen in the children of the household might well end in assault.They are deemed to be incapable of almost any misdemeanour.So when dog bites man, it is always man’s fault, even if he is just a passer-by. Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher was Britain’s first female prime minister.A graduate of Somerville College, Oxford, with a master of arts degree from the University of Oxford she worked as a research chemist and a barrister, concentrating on tax law, before being elected to the House of Commons in 1953.She held several ministerial appointments including education minister (1970-1974). Elec