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111 2011-2012學(xué)年高一英語必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和練習(xí)） Unit 7 To Your Good Health 一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Unit 7 To Your Good Health 二. 教學(xué)重點： 1. 重點單詞： fitness, mean, work, physical, focus, stay, balance, everyday, enjoyable, locate, wish, build, name, stomach, advice, contain, key, suggest, attempt, aware, serve 2. 重點短語：a little, go shopping, have some fun, by now, according to, be made up of, live up to, pay attention to, stand for, take … for, granted, result in, in (good/ bad) shape, turn to, in charge of 3. 重點句型： （1）that 在定語從句中作主語 （2）if 虛擬條件句 4. 語法： （1）本單元重點學(xué)習(xí)v-ing的一般用法 （2）kinds of sentences (I) 三. 重難點解釋： 1. Perhaps you play with your friends. play with 和……一起玩 例句: Can Bob come out to play with me? 鮑勃能出來和我玩兒嗎？ The children were playing with their train set. 孩子們正在玩火車玩具。 2. Perhaps you go shopping with your mother. goq shopping 買東西 go+doing 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“去干某事”。多指從事與體育和娛樂有關(guān)的活動。 短語拓展 (1) go fishing (2) go dancing (3) go boating (4) go swimming 3. In fact, the more you use your body, the better it works. the more…the more…表示“越…越…”，指的是兩個事物在程度或是數(shù)量上作等量的增加或減少。 注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩者都要用比較級，可以是形容詞比較級也可以是副詞的比較級。 例句: The more I read the book, the more I like it. 這本書我越讀越喜歡。 The sooner you finish the work, the better it is. 這項工作你完成得越早越好。 4. Being fit helps you to stay alert and focus on your lessons. focus on專注于；對準(zhǔn) 例句: A nearsighted person cannot focus on distant objects. 近視的人無法把焦點對準(zhǔn)遠(yuǎn)處的事物。 I focused my camera on her. 我把照相機對準(zhǔn)她。 We must focus (our attention) on urgent problems. 我們必須把注意力集中在緊急問題上。 5. You will fall asleep at night easier and wake up feeling better. fall asleep 睡著 wake up 醒來 6. Remember, keep everything in balance. keep sth in balance 保持平衡 例句: The boy keeps the seesaw in balance. 這個男孩兒讓蹺蹺板保持平衡。 短語拓展 (1) in the balance 懸而未決；猶豫 例句：The future of the nation is in the balance. 國家的前途安危未卜。 (2) off balance 不穩(wěn) (3) keep one’s balance 保持平衡，保持鎮(zhèn)靜 例句：Don’t get excited, keep your balance. 不要沖動，保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 (4)lose one’s balance 失去平衡，摔倒，心慌意亂 例句：He was surrounded by so many dangers that he lost his balance. 他為很多危險所困擾，因此心緒慌亂。 例句：Their suggestion has, on balance, proved practicable. 總的說來,他們的建議已被證明是可行的。 7. You will get better and better at physical activities, and have more and more fun playing games and doing things with your friends. have fun 有樂趣，過得愉快 例句: You are sure to have fun at the party tonight. 你在今晚的聚會上一定會玩兒得很開心。 He likes having fun with his friends. 他喜歡和他的朋友們一起玩兒。 短語拓展 (1) for fun為了高興 例句：He is learning English for fun. 他是為了好玩才學(xué)英語的。 I’m learning to cook, just for fun of it. 我正在學(xué)習(xí)做飯，做著玩兒而已。 (2) in fun 開玩笑，鬧著玩兒 例句：He only said it in fun－h(huán)e didn’t really mean it. 他只是說著玩兒——并非真是那個意思。 (3) make fun of 取笑 例句：It is cruel to make fun of people who stammer. 嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。 8. The different systems in your body need to be taken care of in special ways. need to be done=need doing 這是主動表被動，意思是“需要被做”。 take care of 照顧，照看 例句: The house needs to be repaired./The house needs repairing. 房子需要修了。 The question needed to be explained again./The question needs explaining again. 這個問題需要再解釋一下。 We’ll take care of you when you are old. 你老了以后我們會照顧你。 短語拓展 (1) take care 當(dāng)心，注意 例句：Take care not to smoke too much. 注意不要抽太多煙。 (2) care about 在乎，擔(dān)心 例句：I don’t care about what people think. 我不在乎別人怎么想。 (3) care for 喜歡 例句：I don’t really care for red wine. 我其實并不喜歡紅酒。 9. Your heart and lungs will be used to working hard for long periods of time. be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 例句: I am used to taking some coffee before going to bed. 我習(xí)慣睡覺前喝點咖啡。 He is not used to the weather here. 他不習(xí)慣這里的天氣。 短語拓展 (1) used to do過去常做某事 例句: People used to believe that the earth was flat. 過去人們認(rèn)為地球是方的。 They used to live in the downtown. 他們過去住在市中心。 (2) be used to do 被用來做某事 例句: Coal is mostly used to produce electricity. 煤主要用來發(fā)電。 This kind of wood can be used to make shelves..這種木材可以做書架。 10. My heart is located in my heart, slightly to the left side of the center. be located in 位于…… 例句：Our school is located in the center of the city. 我們學(xué)校座落在市中心。 11. I wish you all health and happiness. wish sb sth 祝愿某人…… 例句: Wish you good luck! 祝好運！ I wish you a happy new year! 祝你新年快樂！ 短語拓展 (1) wish sb+adj 例句: I wish everything ready. 我希望萬事俱備。 (2) wish sb to do sth 例句: What do you wish me to do? 你想讓我做什么？ (3) wish+that從句（用虛擬語氣） 例句: He wished that he had been at home when she came to see him. 他想，當(dāng)時她來看他，他若在家該多好呀。 12. Overdo is made up of two words, over and do. be made up of 由…組成，由…構(gòu)成 例句: The committee is made up of seven members. 該委員會由七人組成。 All bodies are made up of atoms. 一切物體都是由原子組成的。 短語拓展 (1)be made of/from由..制成 例句：Her necklace is made from silver coins. 她的項鏈?zhǔn)怯梢淮y幣制成的。 (2)make out 看出，辨認(rèn)出 例句：I can’t make her out in the crowd. 在人群中我認(rèn)不出她來。 (3)be made out of 由…改制而成 例句: Her skirt is made out of her mother’s old one. 她的裙子由她媽媽的舊的改制的。 (4)make up 虛構(gòu)；組成；化妝；補充 例句：The girls make up 40% in my class. 我們班女生占百分之四十。 Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence. 勤能補拙。 13. live up to her dad’s expectations. live up to符合，不辜負(fù) 例句: His work lives up to his reputation. 他的作品配得上他的名聲。 You should live up to what your parents expect of you. 你應(yīng)該不辜負(fù)父母對你的期望。 14. I don’t pay any attention to emphasis. pay attention to 注意 例句: He didn’t pay any attention to me. 他沒注意到我。 Too much attention was paid to the details. 太過于關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)了。 短語拓展 (1) attract/catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 例句：She waved her hand to attract/catch my attention. 她揮手以吸引我的注意。 (2) devote one’s attention to 專心于 (3) fix one’s attention on 將注意力集中于…… (4) distract attention from 渙散對…的注意 15. ASAP stands for as soon as possible. stand for 代表，象征；主張；支持 例句: PRC stands for the People’s Republic of China. PRC代表中華人民共和國。 GNP stands for gross national product. GNP 代表國民生產(chǎn)總值。 We are always standing for a peaceful settlement of the border problem. 我們一貫主張和平解決邊境問題。 短語拓展 (1)stand against 反對 例句：No one stood against his suggestion. 沒有人反對他的建議。 (2)stand by 站在一邊；袖手旁觀 16. Good health is the most valuable possession a person can have, but one can’t take health for granted. take … for granted 認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然 例句：Don’t take your parents’ love for granted. 不要認(rèn)為父母的愛是想當(dāng)然的。 I took it for granted that you knew the fact. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該知道那個事實。 17. Eat plenty of foods that are high in protein, like lean meat, fish, beans, and nuts. plenty of 大量的，后面既可以接可數(shù)名詞也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。 be high in 富含…… 例句：Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 許多外國公司已經(jīng)在這里設(shè)廠。 Chocolate is high in calories. 巧克力富含熱量。 短語拓展 (1) a number of 許多，很多 例句：A great (large, good) number of people have come to the party. 很多人都來參加這個晚會。 (2) a great/good deal of；a great/large amount of 許多，很多 例句：He spent a great amount/deal of time reading these books. 他讀這些書花了很多時間。 (3) a good/great many 許多，很多 例句：He had worked here for a good many years. 他在這里工作了很多年了。 18. Over a long period of time, a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. result in 導(dǎo)致，引起 例句：Mary’s attempt resulted in failure. 瑪麗的嘗試終于失敗了 His carelessness resulted in（導(dǎo)致） this accident. 他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場事故。 Her carelessness resulted in much argument. 她發(fā)言過于草率，引來很多爭議。 短語拓展 (1)result from 由…導(dǎo)致，引起。例如： 例句：The accident resulted form his carelessness. 這次事故是由他粗心導(dǎo)致的。 (2) as a result 作為結(jié)果 例句：He was caught in the rush hour. As a result, he was later for the date. 他遇上堵車了，所以約會遲到了。 (3) as a result of 由于 例句：As a result of the heavy snow, I was stopped from the meeting. 由于雪大，我沒能參加會議。 19. Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. be sure to do sth 一定要做某事 例句：He is sure to pass the exam. 他一定能通過考試。 Be sure to tell me all the news. 請務(wù)必告訴我所有的消息。 短語拓展 (1) be sure of／about確信…；對…有把握 例句：He is sure of success．他自信會成功的。 If you are not sure about the situation in the world，you can read the newspaper every day． 如果你對世界形勢不大了解，你可以每天看看報紙。 (2) make sure to do確保做某事 例句：Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out. 在你出去之前確保關(guān)掉收音機。 (3) make sure of sth 確定某事 例句：Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat. 早點兒到電影院以確保有座位。 20. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. prevent…from doing sth 阻止……做某事 gain weight 增肥 例句：We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything. 濃霧使我們看不到任何東西。 What prevented you from joining us last night? 昨天晚上什么事使你不能參加我們的晚會? 21. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shape. in good/bad/poor shape 處于好/差的狀態(tài) 例句：His business has recently been in good shape. 最近他的生意情況不錯。 You’ll never be in shape until you eat less and take more exercise. 只有少吃多鍛煉才能健美。 短語拓展 (1) in any shape（常用于否定句）無論如何 例句：I don’t smoke cigarette in any shape. 我什么煙都不抽。 (2) out of shape 不成形的 例句：The children have been playing my hat—they have knocked it out of shape. 孩子們一直在玩我的帽子，把它弄得不成樣子了。 22. I would strongly advise you to keep a fitness program. advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事 23. Now it is your turn to practise what has been suggested above. It is one’s turn to do …. 輪到…做… 例句：It is your turn to be on duty today. 今天輪到你做值日了。 (1) in turn 依次 例句：They answered the teacher’s questions in turn. 他們一個接一個回答老師的問題。 (2) take turns 輪流做… 例句：We take turns using the bike. 我們輪流用這輛自行車。 24. A long time ago, in England, some judges used to decide whether a person was telling the truth by giving him or her some dry bread. tell the truth 說實話 by doing sth 通過做某事 例句：To tell the truth, your English is not very good. 跟你說實話吧，你的英語并不是太好。 He makes everybody happy by telling jokes. 他通過講笑話讓每個人高興。 25. A person worrying about something has much difficulty swallowing anything dry. have difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困難 例句：I have difficulty in learning English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語有困難。 She has great difficulty in understanding him. 她很難理解他的話。 短語拓展 (1) with/without difficulty 有/沒有困難 例句：His English was very bad and he spoke with difficulty. 他的英語很差，因此說話很吃力。 We managed to finish it without much difficulty. 我們沒費多大勁兒就把它完成了。 (2) get into difficulties 陷入困境 例句：When sales slow down, the company got into difficulties. 當(dāng)銷售額下降時，公司便陷入了困境。 26. Some people are known as “emotion eaters”. be known as 作為……而出名 例句：She is known as a great singer. 她被認(rèn)為是個出色的歌手。 Samuel Clemens, known as Mark Twain, became a famous American writer. 賽謬爾以筆名馬克·吐溫而成為美國的著名作家。 短語拓展 (1) be known to 為…所熟知 例句：He is known to the police. 他是警察所熟知的罪犯。 (2) be known for 以…而出名 例句：Jiuzhaigou is known for its beautiful scenery. 九寨溝以它的美麗景色而聞名。 (3) make oneself known to 自我介紹給… 例句：I’m very glad to see you, let me make myself known to you. 很高興見到你們，讓我自我介紹一下。 (4) make something known 使…被了解，知道 例句：He made it known to his friends that he did not want to enter politics. 他讓朋友們都知道，他不想進(jìn)政界。 27. Emotion eaters often turn to food right after having a bad experience. turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向，向……求助 例句：In his desperation, he turns to drink. 他于絕望中借酒消愁。 I can’t tell my parents about it; I don’t know who to turn to. 我不能跟我的父母說這件事，我不知道該求誰。 28. They feel stress and feat and turn to food in an attempt to make their negative feelings go away. in an attempt to do sth 嘗試做某事 例句：They fail in all their attempts to climb the mountain. 他們嘗試爬這座山，但是都失敗了。 The government announced big tax cuts in an attempt to regain its lost popularity. 政府宣布大幅度降稅，企圖以此恢復(fù)失去的聲望。 短語拓展 (1)attempt doing/to do 嘗試做某事 例句：He attempted to leave but was stopped. 他試圖離開但是被制止了。 I attempted walking along the rope. 我試著走繩索。 29. Many of those who eat like this become obese and then have to deal with the emotional and physical problems that go along with you. deal with 處理，對付；與……做買賣 例句：How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盜賊，你將如何對付？ I've dealt with this shop for 20 years. 我同這家商店做生意已經(jīng)有20年了。 短語拓展 (1)deal in 經(jīng)營，買賣 例句：This shop deals in goods of all sorts. 這家商店經(jīng)營各種貨物。 (2)do with 對待，處理 例句：What shall I do with it? 怎樣處置它好呢？ 30. Emotion eaters must become aware of their motivations for wanting to eat. become/be aware of 意識到，明白 例句：We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我們充分認(rèn)識到形勢的嚴(yán)重性。 I was not aware of how deeply he had felt about his mother’s death. 我不知道他對他母親的逝世感到怎樣的難過？ 31. You need this awareness in order to tell whether your stomach’s actually empty or you are upset about something and just want to eat to feel better. in order to do sth 為了做某事 例句：He hurried through his homework (in order ) to paly football. 他很快做完作業(yè)，為的是可以踢足球。 In order to succeed, he worked very hard.為了成功，他努力工作。 He got up early in order not to be late for school. 他起得很早為了上學(xué)不遲到。 短語拓展 in order that 為了…… 例句：I lent her some money in order that she could go for a holiday. 為了讓她度假，我借給她一些錢。 He saved a lot of money so that he might buy a new car. 他攢了很多錢，為了買一輛新車 32. Can you imagine cooking for all those people? imagine doing 想像做某事 例句：It is hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars. 生活于一個沒有汽車的地方是不可思議的。 33. Scheib is in charge of a full-time staff of five and oversees a part-time staff of 20. in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，管理 例句：Student nurses should not be left alone in charge of hospital wards. 不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓實習(xí)護(hù)士單獨看管病房。 She is in charge of our class. 她擔(dān)任我們的班主任。 短語拓展 (1) in the charge of 在……管理下 例句：The children were left in the charge of a neighbour. 留下孩子由鄰居照顧。 (2) take charge of 開始管理 例句：Who will take charge of the company? 誰將掌管這個公司？ (3) free of charge 免費 例句：The faulty part was replaced free of charge. 這個出毛病的部件已經(jīng)被免費調(diào)換過了。 (4) on a charge of 控告 例句：He was arrested on a charge of murder. 他被控謀殺罪而被拘捕。 be on charge 充電 例句：The battery is on charge. 電池正在充電。 【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘） 第一部分：單項選擇 1. ---Glad to meet you. --- ______________ A. So do I. B. How are you? C. How do you do? D. The same to you. 2. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _______ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing 3. --- Which one can I take? --- You can take _____ of them; I’ll keep none. A. both B. any C. either D. all 4. --- How much is the T-shirt _______? --- 65 dollars. A. worth B. cost C. worthy D. paid 5. I’ve visited a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them ____ this one. A. makes B. beats C. compares D. matches 6. It is the protection for the trees ____ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C. / D. which 7. The two sides have finally ____, though some small differences still exist. A. made a decision B. reached an agreement C. settled down D. broke down 8. --- Shall Mary come and play computer games? --- No, _____ she has finished her homework. A. when B. if C. unless D. once 9. The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which D. whether 10. The first day on the job, Roy got off on the wrong foot by telling his boss a stupid joke. The underlined phrase means “________”. A. knocked at the door B. had a bad start C. did a stupid job D. entered a wrong room 11. Great changes have taken place in my hometown. It is quite different from ____it was five years ago. A. where B. which C. the one D. that 12. Jane was alone in the world _____ an aunt in Brazil. A. except for B. except C. besides D. except that 13. ---Has he lived here for a long time? ---Not very long, ______ he was made mayor of this city. A. from B. when C. since D. after 14. ---Did you say it would get colder this afternoon? ---Yes. I can _____ you. A. promise B. admit C. answer D. prove 15. ---Ann will be sent abroad very soon. ---She never dreamed ______such a chance. A. to be B. there to be C. of there being D. of there to be 16. I listened to Dr. John’s lecture about biology, but I failed to get its key _____. A. words B. points C. notes D. messages 17. However hard I tried to open the door, it just ______ open. A. shouldn’t B. wouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t 18. You must have worked as a teacher before you turned writer, _____you? A. haven’t B. hadn’t C. didn’t D. don’t 19. ---Where did you meet Mr. Smith? ---It was in the hotel _____ he stayed. A. that B. where C. which D. as 20. Believe it or not, the boy his father considered ______very hard failed in the important examination. A. working B. to work C. to have worked D. having worked 第二部分：下面5題中的句子可以組成一篇小短文，請從四個選項中選出最佳答案；然后根據(jù)理解，將5個選項進(jìn)行重新排列，選出短文的最佳排列順序。 21. While it may sound scary, the operation is quite _____. A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. usual 22. Unlike important part like the heart and lungs, ______, the appendix serves no purpose. A. Of course B. In a word C. In general D. In fact 23. You may have heard of appendicitis (闌尾炎). That’s ____ the appendix becomes infected(感染) and needs to be removed. A. where B. when C. what D. which 24. What is an appendix( 闌尾)? We are all born with an appendix but not everyone ____. A. leaves B. needs C. stays D. keeps 25. It was used to help digest food thousands of years ago, but we _____ need it. A. no longer B. no more C. not, any longer D. not, any more 26. 短文排列： A. 24/22/25/23/21 B. 24/25/22/23/21 C. 25/24/22/21/23 D. 23/21/24/22/25 第三部分：閱讀理解 A Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own—their stock, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have on wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings. Income in the Unites States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States. The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government's poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11,200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.  27. What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? A. Their income and savings. B. Everything they own in their homes. C. Actually, they have no wealth at all. D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings. 28. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans? A. More than 25%. B. Less than 25%. C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%. 29. Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth? A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost