基于PLC鍋爐控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),基于,plc,鍋爐,控制系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 隨著船舶輪機(jī)技術(shù)和自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的發(fā)展，船舶的自動(dòng)化程度越來越高，對(duì)船舶輔助鍋爐系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)控制是其中一項(xiàng)重要課題，因?yàn)檫@一控制不僅直接涉及到鍋爐運(yùn)行的效能，而且更關(guān)系到鍋爐運(yùn)行的安全性和可靠行。 以繼電—接觸器為主的傳統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)已不能滿足現(xiàn)代船舶對(duì)其鍋爐控制的越來越高、越來越復(fù)雜的要求，這一領(lǐng)域的計(jì)算機(jī)化已勢在必行，而應(yīng)用在當(dāng)前工業(yè)過程控制領(lǐng)域中引人注目的可編程控制器（PLC）又是使其計(jì)算機(jī)化的最簡便和可靠途徑。本文采用PLC控制器進(jìn)行了船舶輔助鍋爐的控制設(shè)計(jì)。文章首先介紹了船舶輔助鍋爐自動(dòng)控制的總體概述和可編程控制器（德國西門子可編程控制器S7-200）的基本工作原理，詳細(xì)介紹了船舶燃油輔助鍋爐的典型系統(tǒng)，在此基礎(chǔ)上，著重對(duì)采用S7-200控制的燃油輔助鍋爐進(jìn)行了PLC編程，其中對(duì)蒸汽壓力采用多位控制。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)控制功能的驗(yàn)證，對(duì)輔助鍋爐進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)建模，并采用VB軟件制作了鍋爐模型，通過編程使之與PLC進(jìn)行通訊，用PLC控制器執(zhí)行對(duì)鍋爐模型的控制。此外，這種PLC與模型結(jié)合的控制方式在PLC的實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)中，也不失為一種很具參考價(jià)值的教學(xué)手段。 關(guān)鍵字： 船舶輔助鍋爐 自動(dòng)控制 可編程控制器 鍋爐模型 ABSTRACT Along with the technical development of maritime engine automatization, the automation degree of the ships is more and more high. The control of marine boiler system on board is a important question for discussion of technology and automatization technology. The reason is that the control count for much with efficiency and reliability of boiler. The old control system mainly using relay and contact now can’t meet the high and complicated requirements of modern ship to control its boiler. It is imperative under the situation to use computer for ship control on board modern ship. The applying of programmable controller( PLC) in the current industry process control realm is the most simple and dependable path that makes its Computerized. This text namely adopt the PLC to implement the control design of the marine boiler. First,the paper introduce the automation summarizer of marine boiler and the basic principle of PLC(SIEMENS PLC S7-200 of Germany). Following, the paper introduce a typical boiler system of shipping. On this base, the paper pay more attention to making control programme of S7-200 for oil auxiliary boiler. In order to validate the function of control programme , a simple mathe mold is set up and a boiler model is manufactured by using VB software , and the model can communicate with PLC through programming ,then PLC controller can control the boiler model. Besides, In PLC experiment teaching, the way that this kind of model combines with the PLC is also a kind of teaching means that has the reference value. Keywords： marine auxiliary boiler autocontrol PLC boiler model 目 錄 1 概述………………………………………………………………………………….… ..1 1.1 船舶輔助鍋爐自動(dòng)控制概述…………………………..…………………….…. 1 1.2 船舶鍋爐的PLC控制方式概述……………………………….………………...1 1.3 編程控制器工作原理……………………………………………………………..2 1.4 本選題設(shè)計(jì)主要完成的內(nèi)容…………………………………………………. …3 2 鍋爐系統(tǒng)描述…………………………………………………………………….……….4 2.1 鍋爐的基本組成……………………………………………………….……………4 2.1.1 鍋爐本體…………………………………….... ……………………………4 2.1.2 輔助系統(tǒng)介紹……………………………………………………………….5 2.2 鍋爐系統(tǒng)的控制要求與設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………..… ..5 2.2.1 鍋爐水位的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)………………………………………………………..5 2.2.2 蒸汽壓力的自動(dòng)控制………………………………………………………..7 2.2.3 燃燒程序的自動(dòng)控制………………………………………………………..7 2.2.4 警報(bào)及保護(hù)環(huán)節(jié)……………………………………………………………..9 3 燃油輔鍋爐PLC控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………10 3.1 概要……………………………………................ ………………………..…...........10 3.2 I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)分配……………………………………...... …………………………........12 3.3 PLC外圍接線控制電路…………………………………………………………..….14 3.4 PLC的控制程序設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………...18 4 燃油輔鍋爐VB模型設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………….…..25 4.1 燃油輔鍋爐數(shù)學(xué)建模分析…………………………………………………………....25 4.1.1 汽包水位模型建立…………………………………………………….…....25 4.1.2 蒸汽壓力調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)象模型建立………………………………………….…....26 4.1.3 模型仿真的處理方法………………………………………………….…....27 4.2　基于VB的鍋爐模型建立……………………………………………………………...29 4.3 S7-200 PLC通訊概述………………………………………………………………....30 4.4 模型與PLC通訊的實(shí)現(xiàn)……………………………………………………………….31 5 結(jié)論……………………………………............... ……………………………………...........32 參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………….…………….…….…..33 4