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Grammar,Modal Verbs (Ⅰ) must, may, should, will, have to,Studying the Rule,1) A: It’s hot, isn’t it? B: Yeah, but it may rain tomorrow. 2) A: May I sit on this chair? B: No, you mustn’t. A: Why not? B: Because it is broken.,3) A: The flight to New York should be leaving in a few minutes. B: Are you sure? 4) A: Sally, you should be careful when you go out at night. B: OK, I will.,5) A: I have just walked 5 kilometers! B: You must be very tired now. 6) A: Will you give this to Elle, please? B: With pleasure. 7) A: It’s raining cats and dogs outside. B: Really? Then I have to take an umbrella with me.,8) A: Must I hand in the homework now? B: No, you don’t have to. You may hand it in tomorrow morning. 9) A: When are we going to leave the hotel? B: We must leave the hotel before 6:00 pm.,總結(jié),1. must與have to的區(qū)別 have to比較強調(diào)客觀需要, must著重說明主觀看法。另外have to能用于更多時態(tài), 比較下面的句子：,We had to be there at 10:00. 有時兩者都可以用, 意思差別不大。 e. g. We must/have to leave now. must在表示說話人對事物的推測時候要注意它比may肯定得多, 相當于漢語的“一定”或“準是”。(只有在肯定句中能這樣用。),This must be your room． 在回答由must引起的問題時, 如果是否定的答復，不能用mustn’t, 而需要用needn’t或don’t have to, 因為mustn’t是“一定不要”的意思。,2. may的用法: a. 表示“允許”或“請求”。 e. g. May I come in？,在使用這一用法時需注意: may表示“允許”的否定形式是must not, 意思是“不應該” “不許可”。e. g. —May I take this book out of the reading-room？ —No, you mustn’t． b. 表示說話人的猜測，認為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生。,e. g. He may know the answer． c. may用在感嘆句中可表示祝愿、愿望。 e. g. May you succeed．(祝你成功。) May you have a pleasant journey．(一路平安。),3. should是shall的過去式，它可以用于過去時態(tài)中，但更多的是用作情態(tài)動詞，意思是“應當；應該”，用來表示義務或責任。此時，它不再局限于和第一人稱的代詞連用，而是三種人稱都能使用。例如：,You should answer my question in English. 你應當用英語回答我的問題。 They shouldn't be so careless. 他們不該如此粗心。 It's raining hard. You should drive slowly. 雨下得很大。你開車要慢些。,should還可以用在提供幫助、提出建議、要求、給予指示的句子中。 例如： Should I help you carry the basket? 要不要我?guī)湍闾峄@子？ What should I do for them? 我應當為他們做些什么？ 應當注意的是，當should表示上述兩種意思時，要重讀。,4. will 情態(tài)動詞 aux. (客氣提問)是否愿意；…好嗎 word that you say when you ask a polite question · Will you pass the salt? 請你把鹽遞給我，好嗎？,· Will you please give him a message when you see him? 你見到他時捎個口信給他好嗎？ · Won’t you come in and have a little tea? 要不要進來喝點茶？ · Will you please lend me your rubber? 請借給我你的橡皮好嗎？,表推測,1.must（一定）只用于肯定句中, He looks so pale. He must be ill. 2.can / could用于肯定、否定、疑問句中, It can’t be Mr. Wang . He has left here. 3.may / might可用于肯定、否定句中 There may be some dangerous animals on the island. 4.should（想必） They should be there by now.,5.如果對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測要用完成時。 Someone must have opened the cage. The lion couldn’t have escaped on its own. 準是有人把籠子打開了，獅子不可能自己跑出來。,一般疑問句的肯、否定回答,1.Can you…? 2. May you…? Yes, I can. Yes, I may. No, I can’t. No, I mustn’t. 3.Must you…? 4. Need you…? Yes, I must. Yes, I must. No, I needn’t. No, I needn’t. No, I don’t have to No, I don’t have to. .,could, might, would等過去式用在疑問句表語氣委婉時，其回答要用原形。 ----Could you tell me what’s the matter with you? ----Yes, I can. Sure./ Certainly/ Of course.,Finding the Rule,Giving advice Saying that something is necessary Politely asking someone to do something Asking someone for permission to do something Saying that perhaps something will happen,____ ____ ____ ____ ____,4,7,6,2,1,6) Saying that sth. will almost certainly happen, as long as nothing unexpected stops it 7) Expressing an opinion about something that the speaker is not sure about. 8) Expressing obligation(義務) and duties. 9) Expressing need.,3,5,8,9,____,____,____,____,A: Do we have to finish this job today? B: Yes, you___________. 2) If it is raining, you _____________ take an umbrella with you. 3) Excuse me, but _____ I ask you a very personal question? 4) I can’t be sure, but I _____ be late this evening. So don’t wait for me.,Applying the Rule,Complete the following sentences with may, should, must, will or have to.,must,should/ must,may,may,5) A:You don’t ________ return the book now. You can keep it until next Monday if you like. B:Thank you very much. 6) The train ________ be here any minute now but you never know. 7) Excuse me, but _____ you please stay off the grass. He _______ stay at home because his right leg is broken. Listen! You really ______ give this to Mary! It’s very important.,have to,should,will,has to,must,1) Ask your teacher for permission to leave school early tomorrow.,Applying the Rule,Make sentences by using may, should, must will or have to, based on the following situations .,May I leave school early tomorrow?,2) Advise your friend to study harder.,You should work harder.,,3) You are a doctor. Tell a patient that it is really necessary to take all the medicine.,4) Someone asks you the time. You haven’t got a watch but you’re sure it’s ten o’clock.,You have to take all the medicine.,It should be ten o’clock.,5) Someone ask you if it will rain tomorrow. You don’t know. But it is possible.,6) You phone is ringing . You are busy. Politely ask a friend to answer it.,I have no idea. But it may rain tomorrow.,Will you please answer the phone for me?,The plane should arrive at 12:00 pm, if nothing goes wrong.,7) You are a stewardess. A passenger wants you to tell him/her the arrival time in Paris. You tell him/her the plane will almost certainly arrive at 12:00 pm, if nothing goes wrong.,8) Your son is alone at home. So you tell your friends at the party you need to go home now.,I’m afraid I have to leave now because my son is alone at home.,Self-check,1. I am not sure, but I think Bob ____ come to see me today. 2.Developed countries think that developing countries ____ accept globalization. 3. If you need any help, I ____ be the first one to give it to you. 5. All of us ______ learn to be polite and should not smoke or talk loudly in a public place.,may,must,will,should,6. Let’s get everything ready now. Our guests ___ come at any time from now on. 7. Look, the light is on. Bob ____ be in the room now. 8. I hope John ____ come tomorrow. I have something important to tell him. 9. Adults ______ not be rude to children. Otherwise, they ___ be rude to adults. 10. I saw Mary in the bookstore a few minutes ago. She ____ not be in the classroom now.,may,must,will,should,will,can’t,1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ____ take care of your luggage. (2007北京卷) A. can B. may C. must D. will 2. --- How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? --- It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must,高考鏈接,3. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007) should B. could C. must D. might,