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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)突破 專題十六 閱讀理解（含解析） 一、寫人記事 (xx浙江,D) 　　In 1974,after filling out fifty applications,going through four interviews,and winning one offer,I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English. 　　School started,but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a young woman from New York City,who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time. 　　But,still,I was teaching English.I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature e alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room. 　　In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I did,confident that,as the textbook had said,the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonable,but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans,particularly teenagers,rarely seem reasonable.By the time my boss,who was also my taskmaster,known to be the strictest,most demanding,most quick to fire inexperienced teachers,came into the classroom to observe me,the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise. 　　My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noises,hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasn’t happening,and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss,sitting in the back of the room,seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he left,silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes. 　　I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his office,took a deep breath,and opened the door. 　　He was sitting in his chair,and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that I was not an English teacher; I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine. 　　When he spoke,he said simply,without accusation,“You had nothing to say to them.” 　　“You had nothing to say to them.” he repeated.“No wonder they’re bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with them,not at them.And more important,why do you ignore their bad behavior?” We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We role-played.He was the bad student,and I was the forceful,yet,warm,teacher. 　　As the year progressed,we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In short,he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words:“The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.” 　　Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year,the school is my home now. 1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 　　　.? A.the writer became an optimistic person B.the writer was very happy about her new job C.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA D.it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey 2.According to the passage,which of the following is most probably the writer’s problem as a new teacher?(　　) A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college. B.She didn’t ask experienced teachers for advice. C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep. D.She didn’t like teaching English literature. 3.What is the writer’s biggest worry after her taskmaster’s observation of her class?(　　) A.She might lose her teaching job. B.She might lose her students’ respect. C.She couldn’t teach the same class any more. D.She couldn’t ignore her students’ bad behavior any more. 4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?(　　) A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing. B.Her students behaved a little better than usual. C.She managed to finish the class without crying. D.She was invited for a talk by her boss after class. 5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because　　　.　? A.they were eager to embarrass her. B.she didn’t really understand them C.they didn’t regard her as a good teacher. D.she didn’t have a good mand of English 6.The taskmaster’s attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as 　　　.? A.cruel but encouraging B.fierce but forgiving C.sincere and supportive D.angry and aggressive Passage 2 (xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ,A) Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my family’s last vacation.It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school,and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip.The flight was overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York,so I had to get back.But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay.I took my nine-month-old and took off for home. The next day,my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes,I encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars.Out total take: $1,600.Not bad,huh? Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big-time bargain hunter,I know the value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in. I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.I’m also tightfisted when it es to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn’t hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer,and it’s the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts. 1.Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?(　　) A.Their flight had been delayed. B.They had early bookings. C.They took a later flight. D.Their flight had been cancelled. 2.What can we learn about the author?(　　) A.She is very strict with her children. B.She seldom makes a promise. C.She rarely misses a good deal. D.She is interested in cheap products. 3.What does the author do?(　　) A.She’s a teacher. B.She’s a housewife. C.She’s a media person. D.She’s a businesswoman. 4.What does the author want to tell us?(　　) A.How to expose bad tricks. B.How to reserve airline seats. C.How to spend money wisely. D.How to make a business deal. Passage 3 (xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ,B) In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War. It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness,Richard Burton,Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交響樂(lè)團(tuán)).It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly. At the same time,the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years. Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh. Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized,has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big. A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In xx there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold. 1.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?(　　) A.To bring Europe together again. B.To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ. C.To introduce young theatre groups. D.To attract great artists from Europe. 2.Why did some uninvited theatre groups e to Edinburgh in 1947?(　　) A.They owned a public house there. B.They came to take up a challenge. C.They thought they were also famous. D.They wanted to take part in the festival. 3.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?(　　) A.Popular writers B.University students. C.Artists from around the world. D.Performers of music and dance. 4.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival 　　　.? A.has bee a non-official event B.has gone beyond an art festival C.gives shows all year round D.keeps growing rapidly Passage 4 (xx湖北,A) Some years ago,writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events,feelings,and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words,but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all,isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past? When I was thirteen years old,I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley,well-equipped with pens,a diary,and a camera.During the trip,I was busy recording every incident,name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively,dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there,I wandered out of my tent,diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon,and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen... At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary. Now,I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books,or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures,but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera,busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future. I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts,but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don’t live to make memories—I just live,and the memories form themselves. 1.Before the age of thirteen,the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of 　　　.? A.observing her school routine B.expressing her satisfaction C.impressing her classmates D.preserving her history 2.What caused a change in the author’s understanding of keeping a diary?(　　) A.A dull night on the journey. B.The beauty of the great valley. C.A striking quotation from a book. D.Her concerns for future generations. 3.What does the author put in her diary now?(　　) A.Notes and beautiful pictures. B.Special thoughts and feelings. C.Detailed accounts of daily activities. D.Descriptions of unforgettable events. 4.The author es to realize that to live a meaningful life is 　　　.? A.to experience it B.to live the present in the future C.to make memories D.to give accurate representations of it Passage 5 (xx山東,A) Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart,but always feared applying for a new job. One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,“Well,I could take you to the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed. Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked,“Do you really need to be interviewed?”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?”he thought to himself. Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise,it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the pany. “Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job. 1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?(　　) A.He was out of work. B.He was bored with his job. C.He wanted a higher position. D.He hoped to find a better boss. 2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?(　　) A.A friend’s car had a flat tyre. B.A wild man was pushing a car. C.A terrible car accident happened. D.An old man’s car broke down. 3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?(　　) A.He was also to be interviewed. B.He needed a travelling panion. C.He always helped people in need. D.He was thankful to Jimmy. 4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?(　　) A.He was sorry for the other applicants. B.There was no hope for him to get the job. C.He regretted helping the old man. D.The interviewer was very rude. 5.What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience?(　　) A.Where there’s a will,there’s a way. B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. C.Good is rewarded with good. D.Two heads are better than one. Passage 6 (xx重慶,A) The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and I’d been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt:“The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my place.Can’t you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky. “If you e by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.” I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasn’t he as busy as the others? In the dentist’s office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one. When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,“Don’t worry.The dentist is very good.” “How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently. “e on,he is ing.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said. “The artwork?”I was puzzled. The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand what my friend meant by her words. What a relief! 1.Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling that morning?(　　) A.Cheerful. B.Nervous. C.Satisfied. D.Upset. 2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?(　　) A.The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice. B.The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists. C.The surroundings of the dentist’s office. D.The laughing assistant of the dentist. 3.Why did the author suddenly smile?(　　) A.Because the dentist came at last. B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling. C.Because she could relax in the chair. D.Because the assistant kept forting her. 4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?(　　) A.Strike while the iron is hot. B.Have a good word for one’s friend. C.Put oneself in other’s shoes. D.A friend in need is a friend indeed. Passage 7 (xx天津,C) Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(繞行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do:the fastest,shortest,easiest road,especially when I was alone with four noisy,restless kids who hate confinement(限制)and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky,so I would drive fast,stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner,our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices:leave Banner with my husband,or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids,a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour,let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They’d get back in the car breathless and energized,smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads,catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother,or fish leaping out of the water,it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons(見識(shí)). We eventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road,everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car,ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey—and the b