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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大題精做14書面表達(dá)圖表類含解析新人教版 圖表類書面表達(dá)常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔、要點(diǎn)分散等特征。圖表類書面表達(dá)在近年的高考中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關(guān)于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷售、發(fā)展進(jìn)程等各種項(xiàng)目統(tǒng)計(jì)的示意圖。這類統(tǒng)計(jì)圖在日常生活中應(yīng)用得非常廣泛，因此，讀懂它并能用英語(yǔ)清晰地表述出來(lái)具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。圖表作文主要是介紹或說(shuō)明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說(shuō)明文?？忌鷳?yīng)按照說(shuō)明文的形式和特點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行寫作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡(jiǎn)潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地記敘出來(lái)，進(jìn)行清單式的羅列，就會(huì)索然乏味，并且達(dá)不到字?jǐn)?shù)要求。因此，對(duì)于這類形式的書面表達(dá)，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說(shuō)明，弄清楚圖表的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律，并做到如下幾點(diǎn)： 1.細(xì)讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號(hào)和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認(rèn)真分析各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認(rèn)真審讀，確定主題 認(rèn)真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結(jié)合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時(shí)，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點(diǎn)明了主題。 3.巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題 引用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明基本趨勢(shì)，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫作時(shí)要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達(dá)時(shí)，既要包含所有要點(diǎn)，但又不能面面俱到。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達(dá)靈活 由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語(yǔ)和句式進(jìn)行表達(dá)，結(jié)果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時(shí)要盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語(yǔ)和句式來(lái)表達(dá)。 5.適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，表明觀點(diǎn) 圖表類書面表達(dá)有時(shí)要求考生在對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析、對(duì)比后，簡(jiǎn)單地談?wù)勛约旱目捶ɑ蛱岢鼋ㄗh，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生要在該部分陳述自己的看法，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，提出解決問(wèn)題的方法或建議。表述觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以引用人們普遍的觀點(diǎn)，也可說(shuō)出自己獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解。借題發(fā)揮時(shí)，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點(diǎn)表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說(shuō)明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short, generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 一、寫作技巧 對(duì)于圖表作文，寫作內(nèi)容主要包括三個(gè)方面：描述圖表信息＋從中總結(jié)出變化規(guī)律＋提出建議或解決之道(這一部分可以根據(jù)實(shí)際要求進(jìn)行取舍)。 準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中，應(yīng)著重從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。 1. 讀出圖表所傳達(dá)的信息，并對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類 將圖表所傳達(dá)的信息進(jìn)行全面的轉(zhuǎn)換，并根據(jù)不同的項(xiàng)目對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分類，這是進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)整合的基礎(chǔ)， 這一過(guò)程中要盡量確保信息全面。 2. 整合信息，總結(jié)規(guī)律/分析原因 信息經(jīng)過(guò)分類之后，以某一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為參照(比如時(shí)間、地域等)，總結(jié)出同一對(duì)象在不同時(shí)間/地域/…… 下的變化規(guī)律，或通過(guò)對(duì)同類信息的對(duì)比分析出問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因。找出規(guī)律/原因是解決問(wèn)題/提出建議的基礎(chǔ)。 3. 數(shù)據(jù)處理 對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干的要求，著重處理差異比較大或變化比較明顯的信息。這樣呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)才能有所側(cè)重，寫的時(shí)候才能有詳略之分。 4. 段落構(gòu)建 一般而言，圖表作文可分為三個(gè)段落來(lái)寫。第一個(gè)段落點(diǎn)明調(diào)查/統(tǒng)計(jì)對(duì)象并進(jìn)行圖表信息的轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn) 換過(guò)程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和詳略程度。第二段主要是根據(jù)信息總結(jié)出規(guī)律或找出問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因。 第三段則主要是建議的提出或解決方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重點(diǎn)段落，第三段可根據(jù)題干要求 進(jìn)行取舍。 二、常用詞匯 1. 點(diǎn)明圖表所反映的主題時(shí)常用的詞匯： table 表格，chart 圖表，diagram 圖解/示意圖，figure圖形/數(shù)字，describe 描述，tell 告訴，show 表明， represent 描繪/展示，indicate 顯示 2. 分析數(shù)據(jù)差異及變化趨勢(shì)時(shí)常用的詞匯： （1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up （2）表示下降或減少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down （3）表示變化特點(diǎn)的：sharply 急劇地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戲劇性地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地。 （4）表示比較的：pared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。 三、常用句式 1. 點(diǎn)明主題時(shí)： I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about... among... Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on… A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on… 2. 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)/分析原因時(shí)： （1）呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)： The above table/chart/graph shows that… As can be seen from the pie chart... From the table/chart/graph we can see… （2）分析原因： There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon. A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase)． The main reason for such a change is... 3. 發(fā)表看法/提出建議時(shí)： Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view... It is high time that we... Writing 1(xx·江蘇卷) Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre. Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see? Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great! Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech!... Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor. One Day in xx. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring… 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1. 用約30個(gè)單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2. 我國(guó)電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎㄉ鲜鰧?duì)話僅供參考，原因不少于兩點(diǎn)）； 3. 談?wù)勀銓?duì)我國(guó)電影票房收入走向的看法，并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明理由。 【寫作要求】 1. 寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3. 不必寫標(biāo)題。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【參考范文】 The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in xx to over 40 billion in xx. However, that increase slowed down in xx. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before xx was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words) Possible version two： As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from xx to xx, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in xx. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words) Writing 2(xx·上海卷) Directions:? Write an English position in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設(shè)你是中華中學(xué)學(xué)生姚平，最近參加了一項(xiàng)研究性學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)研，課題為＂父母是否以子女為榮＂。通過(guò)調(diào)研你校學(xué)生及其父母，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫一份報(bào)告，在報(bào)告中，你必須： 1.描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)； 2.分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 【參考范文】 Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school and?their?parents, I found that there?is?a big difference between the two sides. 80%?of?the?parents?think that they are?proud?of?their?children?while 60%?of?the students think that?their?parents?are?proud?of?them. As far as I am concerned, the reasons why the?parents?and?their?children?have different opinions on the same question?are?as follows. Firstly, there?is?only one child in most families. Therefore, the?parents?pay more attention to?their?children than themselves. Secondly, the?children?are?accustomed to the love given by?their?parents. Thirdly, the?children?are not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them. Writing 3(xx·江蘇卷) 請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字及圖表，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1.用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.結(jié)合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會(huì)規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個(gè)人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 【寫作要求】 1.寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3.不必寫標(biāo)題。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 【參考范文】 The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track. Writing1(xx安徽省淮北市第一中學(xué)高三最后一卷) 假定你是李華，計(jì)劃高三畢業(yè)后的暑假，找份兼職工作。下面的招聘廣告引起了你的注意，請(qǐng)根據(jù)要點(diǎn)(箭頭所指內(nèi)容)寫一封申請(qǐng)信。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s summer camp. I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job. To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak Writing 2(xx浙江省金華十校高三高考4月模擬考試) 你校的英國(guó)姊妹學(xué)校將于本周來(lái)校訪問(wèn)交流，假如你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備一份講話稿，向交流團(tuán)師生介紹一日活動(dòng)安排，內(nèi)容如下： 時(shí)間 地點(diǎn) 內(nèi)容 上午 報(bào)告廳 校史介紹 校園 參觀校園 下午 操場(chǎng) 中英學(xué)生足球賽 晚上 學(xué)校湖邊 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì) 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear friends, Wele to our school! I am Li Hua, chairman of the students’ union. I am greatly honored to receive you here. Here is a schedule for your visit. In the morning you will be shown around our school and listen to an introduction of the school history in the lecture hall. After lunch, there’ll be a football match between British and Chinese students on the playground. Students from both of our schools are wele to join in. In the evening, we’ll have a party by the school lake. Wish you to have lots of fun here! Thank you! Writing 3(xx江蘇省啟東中學(xué)高三月考) 你們學(xué)校學(xué)生會(huì)最近組織了一次＂有煩惱時(shí)向誰(shuí)傾訴？＂的調(diào)查活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，用英語(yǔ)給校報(bào)寫一篇新聞稿，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果。 傾訴對(duì)象 同學(xué)和朋友 老師和家長(zhǎng) 沒(méi)有 百分比 61% 22% 17% 理由 同齡人容易交流和理解 老師家長(zhǎng)閱歷豐富，有生活和教育經(jīng)驗(yàn) 不愿和別人說(shuō)自己的事或難以與別人相處 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， The Student Union 【范文】 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. 61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other(用動(dòng)詞understand和表語(yǔ) Writing 1 xx11月，你校?？e辦了一次關(guān)于"How do you use the Internet?"的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，全校3 000多名學(xué)生參與了該調(diào)查。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)圖片提供的信息，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文刊登在校英語(yǔ)報(bào)上，簡(jiǎn)要分析調(diào)查結(jié)果，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，并提出相應(yīng)的建議。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 【范文】 Recently, the school magazine carried out a survey, concerning the topic "How do you use the Internet?" With 3 000 students taking part, the findings are as follows. As we can see in the pie chart, the majority of students use the Internet to entertain themselves, accounting for 69%, while those who regard it as a tool to search for information e second, taking up 23%. Surprisingly, only Writing 2 最近你校英語(yǔ)報(bào)做了一次關(guān)于"遇到困難找誰(shuí)幫忙"的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息，用英語(yǔ)為該報(bào)寫一篇120詞左右的短文， 簡(jiǎn)要分析調(diào)查結(jié)果，并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。短文的標(biāo)題已為你寫好。 調(diào)查對(duì)象：你校高中生 調(diào)查人數(shù)：200人 調(diào)查方式：訪談 調(diào)查結(jié)果：(見(jiàn)下圖) Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】 Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble Recently, the school English newspaper carried out a survey, concerning the topic whom students turn to when in trouble. With two hundreds senior high school students taking part, the survey results are as follows. ? The majority of the students choose to share their trouble with their classmates or friends when in trouble, accounting for 53%. The reason is that the persons of the same age can put themselves in his or her shoes. Besides, there is no munication barrier. ?28% of the students will turn to their teachers or parents, who have abundant experience and can be helpful. Surprisingly, 19% turn to nobody. As far as I am concerned, we students are supposed to municate with others frequently. Only in this way can we keep healthy mentally. Writing 3 近年來(lái)，中國(guó)政府出臺(tái)一系列政策以抑制房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)快上漲，但此舉引發(fā)了熱議。某外文網(wǎng)站就此開展了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于"房?jī)r(jià)應(yīng)不應(yīng)該降?"的調(diào)查,請(qǐng)根據(jù)餅狀圖(pie chart) 及表格中所示信息用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。 立場(chǎng) 觀點(diǎn) 必須降 房?jī)r(jià)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于現(xiàn)有工資水平,很多人買不起房…… 不應(yīng)該降 不能違背市場(chǎng)規(guī)律…… 不確定 還要拭目以待 注意： 1.詞數(shù)150左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫； 3.開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：市場(chǎng)規(guī)律　market discipline The Chinese government has taken measures to cool down the overheated real estate market, which has caused heated discussions among people. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 4 現(xiàn)在，學(xué)生的零花錢越來(lái)越多，但是亂花錢現(xiàn)象很嚴(yán)重。下面是你應(yīng)某晚報(bào)教育在線欄目之約針對(duì)學(xué)生零花錢(pocket money)的消費(fèi)方向，對(duì)某中學(xué)的高中和初中的部分學(xué)生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查所得出的數(shù)據(jù)。請(qǐng)用英文寫一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，反映調(diào)查結(jié)果，并呼吁中學(xué)生樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀。 注意： 1.信中不必一一列舉具體數(shù)字，只要抓住主題和數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題即可； 2.詞數(shù)100左右； 3.開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor, Recently a survey has been carried out to find out how middle school students spend their pocket money. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】 hard-earned. I hope we students value our money as well as our time.