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專題二 代詞和介詞,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)2(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以a開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以a開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景1】 At the anniversary of Agricultural Products Expo an American agent made an address on how to (積累)adequate knowledge to improve the production.Anyway,we should make any (可供選擇的) solutions,or even (委派)amateurs or allocate adults who served in the army before to accomplish the task.,accumulate,alternative,appoint,譯文:在這次農(nóng)產(chǎn)品博覽會周年紀(jì)念日上,一位美國代理做了一個有關(guān)如何積累足夠的知識提高產(chǎn)量的報告。不管怎么說,我們應(yīng)該采取可供選擇的解決方式,甚至委派業(yè)余愛好者或分派退伍的成年人來完成這項任務(wù)。,【情景2】 (根據(jù)) to the (每年的) assessments of the architects from authorities,the (吸引人的)apartments are ample enough for the athletes awarded.To be honest,every (申請人) attaches great importance to living here.,According,annual,attractive,applicant,譯文:根據(jù)一項來自官方建造師的一年一度的評估,這些引人注目的公寓對于那些獲獎的運動員來說都足夠?qū)挸?。說實話,每一位申請人對于能住這里看得很重。,代詞考查有章法,前后語境細觀察 1.(2015·重慶卷改編)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.,答案,解析,2.(2015·福建卷改編)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.,答案,解析,3.(2015·浙江卷改編)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?,答案,解析,4.(2015·天津卷改編)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.,答案,解析,5.(2015·陜西卷改編)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .,答案,解析,介詞考查要做對,分析語境記搭配 1.(2015·重慶卷改編)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 ℃ the average.,答案,解析,2.(2015·浙江卷改編)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?,答案,解析,3.(2015·江蘇卷改編)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.,答案,解析,4.(2015·陜西卷改編)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.,答案,解析,5.(2015·福建卷改編)A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.,答案,解析,一,二,一,二,注意:(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用做定語,修飾名詞,如:her father她的父親。 (2)“of(介詞)+名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s我父親的朋友中的一個。,一,二,2.不定代詞 (1)none,no one,nothing,neither和no常見用法 ①none“沒人,沒有任何東西”,強調(diào)數(shù)量為零。既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短語,常用來回答how many/much的問題。 They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest. 他們都累了,但沒有一個愿意停下來休息。 —How many of you have seen the film? ——你們中有多少人看過這部電影? — None (of us).——一個也沒有。 —Can I have some milk for my coffee? ——我能向咖啡中加些牛奶嗎? —I’m afraid there is none left. ——恐怕沒有牛奶了。,一,二,②no one表示“沒有人,誰也不”,強調(diào)對象。只指人(= nobody),做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。?？捎脕砘卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的問句。 —Who can answer the question? ——誰能回答這個問題? —No one. ——沒人。 ③nothing意為“沒有東西”,一般回答what提出的問句。 —What’s in the cave? ——洞里有什么? —Nothing. ——沒什么。,一,二,④neither指“兩個人或物中一個也不,兩者都不”,表否定意義,做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 He offered two answers to the problem,but neither of them is right. 這個問題他給了兩個答案,但是兩個答案中沒有一個是正確的。 ⑤no 用于限定可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(=not a )和復(fù)數(shù)(=not any),以及限定不可數(shù)名詞(not any)。 I have no car.(no=not a) 我沒有車。 There is no water left in the bottle.(no=not any) 瓶子里沒有水了。 (2)either,any,both,all的常見用法 either 指兩者之一;any指三者或三者以上之一。 both指兩者都;all 指三者或三者以上都。,一,二,(3)表示“另外的”不定代詞:the other,other,others,another的常見用法 ①the other指兩者中的另一方,表特指,可單獨使用,也可接單數(shù)名詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)one.the other.。如: There are two pens.One is his;the other is Tom’s. 這兒有兩支鋼筆。一支是他的,另一支是湯姆的。 No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 因為雙方都不愿意屈服,所以討論中沒有達成一致。,②other 做前置定語,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可單獨使用,如果其前有the,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容詞性物主代詞時,其后就可接單數(shù)名詞。表示泛指,意為“另外的,其他的”。如: We study English,maths,Chinese and other subjects. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語、數(shù)學(xué)、語文以及別的學(xué)科。 Would you please make it some other day(=another day)? 改日做此事好嗎? I have no other place to go. 我再也沒有別的地方可去。 ③others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指,意為“別的人或物”,但不指全部。常用結(jié)構(gòu):some.others.;而the others表示特定范圍中的“另外的全部”。 Some like staying at home at the weekend;others like going to the cinema. 一些人喜歡周末待在家里,另一些人喜歡去看電影。,一,二,一,二,④another泛指同類的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一個,可單獨使用或在其后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則表示“又,再,還”,此時名詞前一般有數(shù)詞或量詞修飾。 This cap is too small for me.Show me another (one). 這帽子太小了,給我看另外一頂。 We need another three assistants in our shop. 我們店還需要三名店員。,一,二,3.替代詞 it,one,ones,the one,that,those的用法 (1)it代替上文提到的名詞,指代同一事物,而不指這一類中的另一個相同的個體。即同名同物。 —Do you want the magazine? ——你想得到這本雜志嗎? —Yes,I want it. ——是的,我想得到它。 I don’t want to drink the tea.It is too hot. 我不想喝這杯茶,它太燙了。,一,二,(2)one代替單數(shù)名詞,通常為泛指,與前面提到的事物同類,但并非同一個。 I have lost my pen.I’m going to buy one. 我把鋼筆丟了,我打算再買一支。 I prefer this shirt to that one. 我喜歡這件襯衫,不喜歡那件。 (3)ones是one的復(fù)數(shù)形式,常用來代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面不用物主代詞修飾,一般也不用these或those來直接修飾,除非ones前面有形容詞。 I have a new coat and several old ones. 我有一件新外套和幾件舊的。 These yellow raincoats are so small.I want those red ones. 這些黃色的雨衣太小了。我想要那些紅色的。,一,二,(4)the one的用法:特指,替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),后面常有定語修飾。 There are two books on the desk.The one on the top belongs to Jack. 課桌上有兩本書,上面的那本是杰克的。 (5)that用來代替上下文中的名詞,它表示與前面同類的東西。that既可代替可數(shù)名詞,又可代替不可數(shù)名詞,常有后置定語,一般不指人。 The price of rice is higher than that of wheat. 大米的價格比小麥的價格高。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中國的人口比美國的人口多。,一,二,(6)those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可用來替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),表示特指某一范圍內(nèi)的人或者物。有時the ones和those可互換使用,常有后置定語。 The students in our class work harder than those in their class. 我們班里的同學(xué)比他們班里的那些同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。 The new designs are much better than the ones/those that we saw yesterday. 這些新設(shè)計比我們昨天看到的那些好得多。,(7)it的其他用法 ①指代事物、動物、嬰兒或未知的人。 What a beautiful baby!Is it a boy? 多漂亮的孩子啊!是男孩兒嗎? —Who is the man over there?——那邊那個男人是誰? —It must be Li Ping.——一定是李平。 ②指天氣、時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、環(huán)境等。 It’s very cold today. 今天很冷。 It is/has been three years since we last saw each other. 自從我們上次見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三年了。 It’s twenty miles to the zoo. 到動物園20英里路。,一,二,一,二,③做形式主語或形式賓語代替不定式、動詞-ing形式、名詞性從句。 It is important to learn English well.學(xué)好英語很重要。 I find it quite necessary to make some changes. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)有必要做出改變。 It’s no good (no use,useless,senseless,hopeless,worthwhile)+動詞-ing. It’s no use arguing with him.同他爭論沒什么用。 It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很顯然,他讀過這本書。 ④用做look,seem,appear,happen等詞的主語。 It seems that he lost his way.他好像迷路了。,一,二,⑤表示“喜歡或恨”等心理方面的動詞,后面接it,構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu),這類動詞有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。 I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能幫我一把,我會很感激。 I can’t help it if he is always late. 如果他總是遲到,我也沒辦法。 As someone puts it,practice makes perfect. 像有人所說的那樣,熟能生巧。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他們會支持你的。,一,二,4.代詞的特殊用法 (1)人稱代詞單獨使用時,一般不用主格而用賓格。 —Glad to meet you. ——見到你很高興。 —Me,too. ——見到你我也很高興。 —Susan,go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. ——蘇珊,和你姐姐一起去掃院子。 —Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing. ——為什么讓我去?約翰正坐在那兒沒事可做。,一,二,(2)與復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣句型。 He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一名職員。 He is anything but a clerk. 他絕不是一名職員。 He is someone/something/not anybody. 他是個重要人物/出色的人物/普普通通的人。,一,二,二、介詞 一、介詞不可單獨使用,其后一定要接賓語,做賓語的一般是名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。常用用法歸納如下:,一,二,一,二,另外還有以下常用介詞: 1.with和without表示伴隨、原因等。如: With the problem solved,we can finish the work on time. 問題解決了,我們能按時完成工作。 2.表示“數(shù)量”的有about,around,over(超過)等。 3.表示“關(guān)于”的on,about等。 4.of表示所屬關(guān)系,或部分與整體;“of+抽象名詞”相當(dāng)于與名詞相對應(yīng)的形容詞,如:of importance=important。,一,二,二、常用介詞搭配: 1.at at lunch在吃午飯 at table在吃飯 at school在上學(xué) at church在做禮拜 at peace在和平時期 at first=at the beginning初期 at the beginning of 在……的初始階段 at the end of.在……結(jié)束時,一,二,2.in in addition 除……以外還有…… in addition to 此外,除……以外 in case 以免;萬一 in detail 詳細地 in exchange for 用以交換…… in favour of 同意;支持 in office 在執(zhí)政 in power 當(dāng)權(quán);在執(zhí)政 in progress在進行中 in return 作為回報 in time 及時;最終 in the way 擋路 in the meanwhile 同時,一,二,3.on on behalf of 代表 on condition that 以……作為條件 on sale出售 on strike在罷工 on the increase正在增加 on the go十分活躍;非常忙碌 on the air正在廣播 on the contrary 相反,一,二,4.under under control 在控制之中 under discussion在討論中 under development在發(fā)展中 under construction在建設(shè)中 under repair在修理中 5.for for lack of 由于缺乏 for the benefit of 為了……的利益 as for 就……而論;關(guān)于,一,二,6.by by chance=by accident 偶然;碰巧 by name 用名字;名叫 by far 到目前為止 7.out of out of control 失去控制 out of one’s reach 某人夠不著的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫無疑問,一,二,三,四,五,一、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~完成句子 1.—Who’s that at the door? — is the milkman. 2.To her joy,Laura earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues. 3.She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 4.We used to believe that heavy objects fell faster than light . 5.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which of his parents spoke the language.,It,that,it,ones,neither,一,二,三,四,五,二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~完成句子 1.The girl a red dress is my sister,and the red dress looks beautiful her. 2.(2014·河北邢臺模擬考試)How does she get on her father? 3.She found some good-quality pipes sale. 4.If you want to get to the other bank,you have to swim the river. 5.(2014·河北衡水調(diào)研考試)The answer depends largely cultural values as well as personal experiences.,in,on,with,on,across,on,一,二,三,四,五,三、選詞填空 1.one,the one,it,that (1)When I go to college,I will definitely need a car,but I don’t have the money to buy now. (2)All the cars on show look fabulous,especially with gilt doors. (3)I like one of the cars on exhibition very much,but I don’t have enough money to buy . (4)The car parked in front of our house is shabbier than in front of your house.,one,the one,it,that,一,二,三,四,五,2.other,others,the other,the others,another (1)Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and three teachers were there. (2)This pair of shoes is too big.Would you please show me pair? (3)Among the seven students,three are girls while four are boys. (4)I have seven pairs of glasses.Three of them are broken and are dirty. (5)During the cleaning,some students are sweeping away the rubbish,some are mopping the floor,and are tidying the desks.,other,another,the other,the others,others,一,二,三,四,五,四、完成句子 1.完成這項工程是一場與時間的賽跑。 It was a race to get the project done. 2.他邀請我星期天去他的生日聚會。 He invited me to his birthday party . 3.學(xué)生們與他們的老師一起去了農(nóng)場。 The students went to the farm . 4.我對那位年輕的女士一無所知,除了知道她剛從英國歸來并獲得了博士學(xué)位。 I know nothing about the young lady she has just come back from Great Britain and got a doctor’s degree. 5.我和李華有個約會,但是我想改變一下。 I have Li Hua but I want to change it.,against time,on Sunday,with their teachers,except that,an appointment with,一,二,三,四,五,五、語法填空 Father’s Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating a day 1. children to honour their fathers began in Spokane,Washington.A woman 2. the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought about 3. idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon 4. 1909.,for,with,the,in,一,二,三,四,五,Having been raised 5. her father,William Jackson Smart,after her mother died,Sonora wanted her father 6. (know)how special he was for her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,in the eyes of his daughter,a courageous,selfless,and loving man.Sonora’s father was born in June,so she 7. (choose)to hold the first Father’s Day 8. (celebrate)in Spokane,Washington 9. the 19th of June,1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10. Father’s Day.Roses are the Father’s Day flowers.,by,to know,chose,celebration,on,as,