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專題五 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),詞匯復(fù)習(xí)5(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以b開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以b開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】 In her biography the beautiful writer (描述) that she was a blind girl,who believed firmly that good (行為)would give bonus to a person.The beliefs in her brain (使收益)her a lot. (而且),she never made a bargain with her boss,by means of which she got over many barriers that ordinary people couldn’t (容忍).After many years of hard work,she finally realized her dream.,described,behaviors,benefited,Besides,bear,譯文:在她的傳記中,那個漂亮的作家描述說她是一位盲人,她堅(jiān)信美好的行為對一個人會有額外的好處。腦海中的這種信仰使她受益匪淺。而且,她從不跟她的老板討價還價,憑借這種信念,她克服了常人難以忍受的很多障礙。經(jīng)過多年的努力,她最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。,動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài),語境分析來辨別; 主動被動要分清,何時發(fā)生是關(guān)鍵。 1.(2015·湖南卷改編)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”,答案,解析,2.(2015·福建卷改編)—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and (write) his essay there ever since.,答案,解析,3.(2015·北京卷改編)In the last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.,答案,解析,4.(2015·北京卷改編)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really.She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.,答案,解析,5.(2015·湖南卷改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”,答案,解析,6.(2015·陜西卷改編)At college,Barack Obama didn’t know that he (become)the first black president of the United States of America.,答案,解析,7.(2015·天津卷改編)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time.,答案,解析,8.(2015·安徽卷改編)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.,答案,解析,9.(2015·天津卷改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.,答案,解析,10.(2015·四川卷改編)More expressways (build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,答案,解析,1,2,3,1.動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)常用形式列表 (1)動詞的時態(tài)常用形式列表,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,2.易混時態(tài)辨析 (1)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 ①兩者都與發(fā)生在過去的動作相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況;一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間的事實(shí),不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。 They’ve read this book. 他們讀過這本書。(已了解書中內(nèi)容) They read the book in the library. 他們在圖書館里讀的這本書。(只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響),1,2,3,②現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時間內(nèi)的任何時間,可與already,yet,today,this week,since等連用,但不能和表示過去時間的狀語連用;一般過去時表示的是過去某一特定時間或與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的某一過去時間。 I have told him about my new roommate. 我已告訴他我的新室友的有關(guān)情況。(到目前為止他已知有關(guān)情況) I told him about my new roommate yesterday. 我昨天告訴了他我新室友的有關(guān)情況。(表明告訴他的時間是在昨天),1,2,3,(2)一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 ①一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài),常與usually,often,seldom等頻度副詞連用;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài),常跟時間狀語now,at present 等連用。 He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isn’t writing at present. 他經(jīng)常寫許多信,但他現(xiàn)在沒寫。 ②表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時,要用一般現(xiàn)在時,不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。 The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。,1,2,3,(3)一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時 ①一般過去時表示一個完成的動作,而過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小說。(已經(jīng)看完了) I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小說。(可能沒看完) ②一般過去時用于表示一個單純的動作,過去進(jìn)行時用于表示過去一段時間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。 He asked some questions.他問了幾個問題。 He was asking questions all the time.他始終在問問題。,1,2,3,③一般過去時表示在過去某個時刻發(fā)生的動作(側(cè)重說明事實(shí)),過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過程中,所進(jìn)行的動作或展開的情景)。 He played the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午彈鋼琴了。(昨天下午他做了這么一件事) He was playing the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午在彈鋼琴。(昨天下午他一直在彈鋼琴,沒干別的事) ④過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作,一般過去時表示當(dāng)時臨時發(fā)生的短暫性動作。 I was walking on the street when I found a purse on the ground. 我正在街上走著,這時發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有個錢包。,1,2,3,(4)一般將來時與將來進(jìn)行時 一般將來時表示對“現(xiàn)在時刻”來說,將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài);而將來進(jìn)行時表示在將來的某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。 He is now in the library,and he will come back in an hour. 他現(xiàn)在在圖書館,一個小時后就會回來。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的這個時候你將會在做什么呢?,1,2,3,(5)過去完成時與一般過去時 ①過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作,在句中一般有另一過去時間或動作與它相比較。它是一個相對的時態(tài),表示的是過去的過去;只有在和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到過去完成時。一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作,只與現(xiàn)在形成對比。 She had learned some English before she came to our school. 她來我們學(xué)校以前學(xué)過一些英語。(come to our school是過去發(fā)生的一個動作,learn English是come to our school以前的情況) He promised to come to help,but he hasn’t come yet. 他答應(yīng)過來幫忙的,但還沒有來。(promise是過去發(fā)生的一個動作,hasn’t come是現(xiàn)在的情況),1,2,3,②如果主句所表示的動作發(fā)生在時間狀語從句所表示的動作之前,在狀語從句中用一般過去時,在主句中就要用過去完成時。反之,如果時間狀語從句所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句所表示的動作之前,則在從句中用過去完成時,主句就用一般過去時。 Mom had warned me of the bad weather before I left home. 我離家前,媽媽提醒了我天氣不好。 After I had written the letter,I went to post it at once. 我寫好了信后,馬上就寄了出去。,1,2,3,3.動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)的?？键c(diǎn) (1)動詞時態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) ①“主將從現(xiàn)”。在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,但主句要用一般將來時。能引導(dǎo)這類從句的連詞有before,after,when,while,if,unless,in case,on condition that等。 If it is fine tomorrow,I will go with you. 如果明天天氣好,我會和你一起去。 ②完成時的標(biāo)志性時間狀語。 如果句中有so far,by now,in/during/over the last/past few years,till now,up to now等表示時間的短語,句子只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。 So far they have collected enough money to set up a primary school for the village. 迄今為止,他們已經(jīng)籌集到了足夠的錢,可以為村子建一所小學(xué)了。,1,2,3,I have been busy during the last few days. 在剛過去的幾天里,我一直很忙。 句中的狀語是“by the end of+過去時間”時,句子用過去完成時。 By the end of last term,we had learned about three thousand English words. 到上學(xué)期末,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約三千個英語單詞。 句中的狀語是“by the end of+將來時間”時,句子用將來完成時。 By the end of next month,we shall have finished Book Five. 到下個月末,我們將會學(xué)完第五冊了。,1,2,3,③常用完成時態(tài)的句型。 在句型It is the first time./This is the last time.中,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is the first time I have been here. 這是我第一次來這里。 在句型It was the first time./This was the last time.中,從句要用過去完成時。 This was the third time I had visited Tom. 這是我第三次拜訪湯姆。 在hardly.when.,no sooner.than. 結(jié)構(gòu)中,hardly與sooner后要用過去完成時。 Hardly had we got on the train when it started off. 我們一上火車,火車就開了。,1,2,3,(2)被動語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) ①使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時要還原to。 They make her clean the floor. →She is made to clean the floor by them. ②It+be+過去分詞(said/reported/informed/believed)+that從句(=主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.)表示“據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信……”。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. →The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 據(jù)說這個男孩兒已經(jīng)通過了這次全國性的考試。,1,2,3,③動詞get代替be (get往往用在口語中)。 There was a fight at the pub,but fortunately nobody got(=was) hurt. 酒吧里發(fā)生了一場斗毆,所幸沒人受傷。 注意:get+done同be+done的區(qū)別: get done 往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中的,而是意外發(fā)生的。 The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車碾死了。,1,2,3,④不可以變成被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 某些動詞,如smell,taste,wash,shut,prove,sell,read,write等主動形式可以表示被動意義。如: The dish tastes delicious.這道菜很美味。 The theory proved right at last.這條理論最終被證實(shí)是正確的。 The book is so interesting that it sells well.這本書非常有趣,賣得很好。 This kind of cloth washes well.這種布很好洗。 need/want/require/deserve+v.-ing 表示“主語承受動詞發(fā)出的動作”,表示被動含義。如: My car needs repairing(=to be repaired). 我的車需要修理。,一,二,三,四,一、用適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式填空 1.The flight (take) off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 2.On Monday mornings it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 3.Unless we (act) now to protect the environment,we’ll live to regret it. 4.I’m calling about the apartment you (advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 5.Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us. 6.—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry.But I (do) my homework.,takes,takes,act,advertised,are expecting,was doing,一,二,三,四,7.—Could I use your car tomorrow morning? —Sure,I (write) a report at home. 8.The girl has a great interest in sport and (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 9.When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him,but I (change) my mind. 10.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (have) it for a very long time. 11.—Why did you leave that position? —I (offer) a better position at IBM.,will be writing,has been taking,have changed,had had,was offered,一,二,三,四,12.It is said that the early Europeans playing cards that (design) for entertainment and education. 13.The train was late.We were made (stand) in the station square for about 50 minutes. 14.All the people present agreed that the matter required (look) into. 15.Whatever you have found,you should give it back to whomever it (belong) to. 16.No sooner the movie star (get) out of the car when she was surrounded by her fans. 17.It is the second time that I (invite) to make a speech for primary students.,were designed,to stand,looking/to be looked,belongs,had,got,have been invited,一,二,三,四,二、完成句子 1.我們要早出發(fā),所以前天晚上我們就打好包了。 We (leave) very early so we packed the night before. 2.我過去認(rèn)為我不會喜歡這部電影,但是實(shí)際上它很好。 I didn’t think I’d like the movie,but actually it . 3.我們很自信,通過我們進(jìn)一步的努力來減少污染,環(huán)境將會得到改善。 We are confident that by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 4.吉姆正在家里看一部午夜電影,這時就在一幕令人恐怖的場景中,電視機(jī)畫面突然一片空白。 Jim at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.,were leaving,was pretty good,the environment will be improved,was watching a late night film,一,二,三,四,5.如果不采取措施,海洋將變成魚的沙漠。 ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 6.莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》在近幾年來已經(jīng)被拍成了至少10部不同的電影。 Shakespeare’s play Hamlet at least ten different films over the past years. 7.房子很臟,因?yàn)樽詮乃麄儼岢鋈ズ缶蜎]打掃過。 The house is dirty because it (clean) since they moved out. 8.阻止空氣污染的每一種可能的辦法都已采用了,但空氣仍不清潔。 to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. 9.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的所有準(zhǔn)備工作都已完成,我們準(zhǔn)備開始了。 All the preparations for the task ,and we’re ready to start.,If nothing is done,has been made into,hasn’t been cleaned,Every possible means has been used,have been completed,一,二,三,四,10.她是一個勤奮刻苦的學(xué)生,她所有的業(yè)余時間都是在圖書館里度過的。 She is a hardworking student,and all her spare time she has staying in the library.,is spent,一,二,三,四,三、語法填空 There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3. I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide 4. teacher was Li Yang,communicated with me face to face,from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.,when,why,where,whose,whom,一,二,三,四,Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.My father and the guide 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I will recall my passages,through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says,“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,we will conquer English sooner or later.”,that/which,who/that,which,which,As,一,二,三,四,四、短文改錯 When I was ten years old,I went to Yangzhou with two American.I became their guide.First,we went to the Slender West Lake.They wanted to look around the river by the boat.After buy the tickets,we got into the boat.We went around seeing the beautiful sight.After that,we went shopping.The sellers couldn’t spoke English.Though it was very harder,I tried my best listen to their words carefully and translate the sentences.They bought some little things with their help.Next,we went to a small zoo but took some pictures.When we felt hunger,we went out and had lunch.After lunch,we visited some old house and learned more about Chinese history.,一,二,三,四,