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2016高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ,專題5 定語從句,,1．(2015高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends. 2．(2015高考四川卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)The books on the desk，____________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3．(2015泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others.,考點(diǎn)一 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,which,whose,who/that,4．(2015河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，____________was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5．(2015濟(jì)寧模擬)____________is expected，the air quality in the city has improved in the past two months.,which,As,1．which指物，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以 省略。 2．that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語 時(shí)可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。,3.限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which的情況： (1)先行詞為不定代詞all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。 (2)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。,(3)先行詞被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修飾時(shí)。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我愛吃的。 (4)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在他們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人 和事。,4．關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況：(一句話口訣：介詞后、逗號后不可用that) (1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T－shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末來時(shí)只穿著短褲和一件T恤，這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點(diǎn)傻。 (2)當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。,5．who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)?？捎胻hat替換。作主語時(shí)，who/that不可省略；作賓語時(shí)，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。,6．whose的用法 whose表所屬關(guān)系，既可指人也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于of which；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時(shí)商店關(guān)門。,7．a(chǎn)s也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可放在主句之前。常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such.as.，the same.as.等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國制造的。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相?！?單句語法填空 1．(2015河北邢臺(tái)高三摸底考試)Officer：I’m afraid I can’t do that，Madam.In school zones，I’m required to give tickets to all drivers____________break the rules.It’s the law in this county. 2．(2015煙臺(tái)模擬)Those____________want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,who/that,who,3.I’m glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_______ consideration our project would have ended in failure. 4．____________is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,whose,As,1．(2015滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day__________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your basket is free.” 2．Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city___________ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day.,考點(diǎn)二 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,when,where,3．(2015江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons ____________they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. 4．(2015高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time____________he should be able to be independent.,why,when,1．where表地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on.＋which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時(shí)借傘給你，到了下雨時(shí)就催你還回去的 地方。,2．當(dāng)先行詞為situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 (2015高考浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.創(chuàng)造出讓員工感覺到自己就是團(tuán)隊(duì)一員的一種氛圍是極大的挑戰(zhàn)。 3．why表原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會(huì)議的原因嗎？,特別注意 在非限制性定語從句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會(huì)。 4．when表時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during.＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2014高考湖南卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待著那一天的到來，那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。,單句語法填空 1．(2015高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church，____________you can hear some lovely music. 2．(2015湖南懷化一模)Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents. 3．(2015山師大附中模擬)It would have turned into another one of those moments____________the thought of sending a card crossed my mind but never actually happened.,where,when,when,技法1 識別定語從句、并列句 在英語中，有許多從句，如主語從句、同位語從句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句有許多相似之處。因此，命題人會(huì)利用這些相似性，設(shè)置一個(gè)特定語境，來考查考生對這些易混點(diǎn)的辨析能力。遇到這樣的問題，我們的思路就是：抓住它們各自的特征，結(jié)合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型或從句。,(2015泰安檢測)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of____________looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of____________jumped the queue. 【解析】 此題考查定語從句和并列句的區(qū)別。第一空為定語從句修飾先行詞people，第二空由but可知為并列句應(yīng)用them。句意：許多人都在公共汽車站等，一些人看起來很焦慮又很失望，但是沒有一個(gè)人插隊(duì)。,whom,them,技法2 分析先行詞，確定引導(dǎo)詞 首先確定先行詞，然后分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：作主語、賓語、表語用關(guān)系代詞which/that/who/whom/as；作定語用whose；作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞when/where/why；作介詞賓語則用關(guān)系代詞which/whom。 另外，考生應(yīng)考慮特殊情況：只用that的情況、只用which的情況、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句等。,(2013高考福建卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_________ lives were affected. 【解析】 句意：這本書從經(jīng)歷過地震的人的角度來講述地震的故事。主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，先行詞those，引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中修飾名詞lives，作定語，因此用whose。,whose,(2015高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 【解析】 句意：我曾與桂林擦身而過，那是游客盡覽石灰?guī)r群峰和漓江綠水的夢幻之境，是被中國藝術(shù)家在很多繪畫作品中描繪的地方。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞that或which。,that/which,