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If we did not have classes today, we would go to the cinema to watch Sister Peach (A Simple Life). Is this a real situation?,How did Steve Jobs say unreal situations?,If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy(書法) class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography(排版) that they do.,The subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣,If we did not have classes today, we would go to the cinema to watch Sister Peach (A Simple Life). If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy(書法) class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography(排版) that they do.,,,Examine the sentences closely…,1. If I were you, I’d give up smoking. 2. If I were a bird, I’d fly as high as possible. 3. If that happened, it would be terrible. 4. If she had money, she might lend you some.,1. These sentences refer to _________. A. an imaginary situation in the present B. a real situation in the future 2. In the if part of the sentence, we use _________. A. the past tense B. the present tense 3. In sentence 1and 2, I’d means __________. A. I had B. I would 4. We use _______ if there is a be verb in the if part. A. was B. were,,,,,A,A,B,A/B,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法（1）,表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,,現(xiàn)在,did(動(dòng)詞過去式) were/was,would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,1) If governments _____________ (not allow) cloning, many scientists _____________ (lose) their job. 2) If I ______ (be) the head teacher, I ____________ (allow) playing music during the break at intervals.,didn’t allow,would lose,were,would allow,Examine the sentences closely…,1. If he had had enough money then, he would have bought that dictionary. 2. If they had not studied hard, they would have failed in last term’s final exam. 3. If we had caught the first bus, we might have arrived ten minutes ago.,1. These sentences refer to _________. A. a real situation in the present or future B. an imaginary situation in the past 2. In the if part of the sentence, we use _________. A. the past tense B. the past perfect tense 3. In the main clause of the sentence, we use __________. A. would/might have done B. would do,,,,,,,B,A,B,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法（2）,表示過去并不存在的情況,,過去,had done(過去完成式),would/could/should/might +have done,If you _____________ (take) my advice, you __________________ (not fail) in the exam. If you ____________ (come) a little earlier, you _________________ (not miss) the famous professor.,had taken,would not have failed,wouldn’t have missed,had come,Examine the sentences carefully…,1. If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. 2. If it should snow tomorrow, we could have a snowball fight. 3. If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.,1. These sentences refer to _______. A. an imaginary situation in the future B. a real situation in the past 2. In the if part of the sentence, we DO NOT use _____. A. the past tense B. the past perfect tense C. were to do D. should do 3. In the main clause of the sentence, we use _______. A. would/might have done B. would/could do,,,,A,B,B,,,,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法（3）,表示將來實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性非常小的情況,,將來,were to do should do 動(dòng)詞過去式,would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,If you _____________________________ a helicopter next week, I would buy a tank.,were to buy/ should buy/ bought,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法—最終版！,現(xiàn)在,did(動(dòng)詞過去式) were,would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,將來,were to do should do 動(dòng)詞過去式,would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,過去,had done(過去完成式),would/could/should/might +have done,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法—最終版！,虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法—最終版！,現(xiàn)在,did(動(dòng)詞過去式),would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,將來,were to do should do 動(dòng)詞過去式,would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形,過去,had done(過去完成式),would/could/should/might +have done,注意： If條件句中的錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣主從句的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。,Creative work…,If the boy had not played the computer games all night, he would not have failed in the math exam. If I were the boy, I would feel ashamed. If I were to take an exam tomorrow, I would remember all the formulas first.,Can you think of any other situations where we use the subjunctive mood?,wish賓語從句虛擬語氣的用法,1. I wish I ran as fast as Liu Xiang. 2. I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming. 3. I wish that I had not told such a terrible lie to her. 4. I wish that the rain would stop tomorrow.,一般過去時(shí)/ were,過去完成時(shí),would/ could/ might+動(dòng)詞原形,,,,,1) Kevin was caught copying others’ homework. He wishes that he _____________ (not copy) others’ homework last week. 2) My dog has been suffering great pain from the injury. I wish the car ___________ (not hit) him last night. 3) I love the blue sky. I wish I ______ (be) a bird. 4) Spain is a so charming country that I wish I _________ (go) traveling there with my best friends some day.,had not copied,had not hit,were,would go,Watch the video carefully… What happened? How do you feel when you are watching? What can we do with the situation?,What happened? How do you feel when you are watching? What can we do with the situation?,Suppose your were the shark, what would you want to say to human beings? Many of my companions were killed for our fins. I feel … If people did not want to eat the shark fin (魚翅), … If you were the government / hunters, please… I suggest… I wish that …,After-class assignment,Supplementary reading: an extract from Steve Jobs’ Stanford speech. 2. Think of other situations where we use the subjunctive mood.,