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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) module5 The First Americans Writing教案 外研版選修9 Teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. Target language 目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言 a. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) bring up, first of all, to his / her surprise, be famous for, be known for b. 重點(diǎn)句式 It was not until him / her … that … He was lucky to … He / She was the first person to… Ability goals 能力目標(biāo) Enable students to learn to give a lecture about a famous explorer. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo) Help students learn to give a lecture about a historical person or event. Teaching important and difficult points教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) Teach students to know how to give a lecture about a famous explorer. Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法 Discussing and cooperative learning. Teaching aids 教具準(zhǔn)備 Some slides and a projector. Teaching procedures & ways 教學(xué)過(guò)程與方式 Step I Homework checking First check the answers to Activity 1on Page 64 and then ask some students to read and share their answers to Activity 2 with others. Suggested answers to Activity 2 on Page 66 ? California Gold Rush The Gold Rush of 1848, a watershed(分水嶺) in American history, helped mold thecountry into its modern shape, transforming the wilderness and pushing the country into the Civil War. The Gold Rush changed the national psyche(精神), pulling the country away from a puritan ethic and toward a new “a dream of instant wealth”, the fruits of “boldness and luck”. In 1849, gold was discovered in California. An important stimulus to western prosperity was the great improvement in transportation facilities ? the Civil War The war was fought because of slavery and the slaves’ own civil rights. The Civil War ended slavery and slaves were freed and society began to change quickly. After the war, the intelligence contributions of black Americans became obscure. It made US bee a whole and a stronger nation. ? Transcontinental Railroad The first Transcontinental Railroad was considered the greatest technological feat of the 19th century. It served as a vital link for trade, merce and travel that joined the eastern and western halves of late 19th-century United States. ? the American West Briefly, the history of water development contains the whole story of the West, from start to present. Early modern irrigation worked miracles and opened to the plow land previously unavailable for agriculture -- land that now feeds the nation and much of the world. If it were not for these early, massive hydro-projects, not one of the great cities of the West would be even conceivable; millions upon millions of people would and could never have considered settling the western half of the continent. The American West has always exerted a profound influence on American life and thought. Successive waves of westward expansion were of great importance in populating and developing the land. ? slaves In the early 19th century, slavery began to assume greater importance as a national issue. As late as 1808, when the international slave trade was abolished, many thought that slavery would soon end. But during the next generation, the South became solidly united behind the institution of slavery as new economic factors made slavery far more profitable than it had been before 1790. Chief among these was the rise of a great cotton-growing industry. Sugarcane and tobacco, two labor-intensive crops, also contributed to slaverys extension. ? Congress The period from the end of the Civil War to the early 20th century was an era of great congressional power. With the end of the Civil War, the Nation entered a period of rapid industrialization, population growth, and development of its urban centers. The congressional domestic agenda began to focus more on national issues, especially regulatory matters. The legislature became more involved in the daily lives of its citizens. As a result, Congress became a more attractive domain in which to gain and exercise power, and career patterns of Members began to change from relatively brief congressional careers to careers that emphasized a mitment to congressional service. In December 1865, Congress ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery. ? the South The southern states with their fertile soil and hot climate were suitable for large cotton plantations operated by slave labor. Manufacturing industries were practically non-existent. The cotton plantations, where the Negro slaves were worked to death, spread westward. Due to the Souths powerful agricultural success, the region became integral to the political history of the United States, with the South supplying many of the United States early military and political leaders (including nine of its first twelve presidents). ? plantations Plantations were almost exclusively devoted to cultivation of the great Southern staples—tobacco, rice, and, later, indigo…. The plantations had four million plants growing. Step II Writing Get students to learn how to write a passage and give a lecture about a famous explorer. T: We have learned something about Columbus and Zheng He, two household explorers. Do you still remember any other great and famous explorers mentioned in the first period? Ss: John Cabot, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, James Cook, Francis Drake, Martin Frobisher, John Franklin, Henry Hudson, Jacques Cartier, Samual de Champlain, Marco Polo, Hernando Cortes, Vasco da Gama, Gaspar Corte Real , Henny the Navigator and The Vikings. T: OK. In China, there are also some other famous explorers like Xu Xiake. Work in pairs. Choose a famous explorer to research his / her life. Now that the topic of the writing is a famous explorer, the main point is about… S: The expedition. T: Good! Next, discuss what aspects we are going to write about. After a while check students’ work. Then show some key points on the screen. ? their name and dates ? what they did ? where they went ? how long the expedition(s) took ? when the expedition took place ? any moments of danger or other special events ? their achievements or discoveries T: You see, you have to make notes on these details. Now read Activity 2& PRESENTITION SKILLS, they are of great help. Allow students enough time to read and understand the two activities. Walk around and give them a hand if necessary. After students finish their writing, ask some of them to give their lecture to the class. One possible version: I’m going to talk about a great and famous explorer, James Cook. He was born in the north of England on October 27th, 1728 and died on February 14th, 1779. He was brought up in a poor farmer worker’s family. At the age of 18 he joined a ship and quickly became a skilled seaman. James Cook was selected to lead a 1768 expedition to observe the transit of Venus, and to explore new lands in the Pacific Ocean, which is his first voyage of Endeavor. Unfortunately, during this voyage the ship struck a coral bed, which tore a large hole in the side of the ship. But Cook’s quick thinking saved the expedition. This expedition ended in July 1771. He made his second voyage of Resolution and Adventure from 1772 to 1775. The object of Captain Cooks second Pacific Ocean voyage was to confirm the existence of a theorized Great Southern Continent The third great voyage of Resolution and Discovery from 1776 to 1780 is especially significant to the history of the west coast of North America. Captain Cook and his men were primarily searching for the Northwest Passage from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. He led the three great voyages of scientific exploration to the Pacific Ocean. He was the first to chart Australia’s east coast and sail around New Zealand. His voyages to the Pacific had a tremendous impact on European society, for whom the area was very little known. To this day, He is known all over the world as one of the greatest maritime explorers whose charts gave an accurate picture of the huge Pacific Ocean for the first time. Step III Speaking and writing ( Page 120) Ask the students to talk something about Americans by looking at some photos and write a short passage with the title “What I Know About Americans”. T: In this module, we’ve learnt about the first Americans. Now let’s look at the photos on Page 120. All of the people in the photos are Americans. Then work in pairs and answer the questions in Activity 12. After a while, let students state their opinions. T: Who’d like to tell your ideas? S: Let me have a try. I think the man with the hat of the west looks like “a real American”. Maybe a hat is the essence of the spirit of the West and an icon of everyday American lifestyle. T: Well done. What about the second question? S: In my opinion, they represent Americans who do different jobs. T: So what do you think the people in the photos do? S: I guess the first woman may be a journal and the other may be an actress. The man, in white, looks like a basketball man. The man in the middle may be a golf player and the woman in the middle is likely to be a young lady serving at a ceremony. The man looks like a cowboy may be an actor. At last it is possible that the man playing the guitar is a singer. T: Well done. Now work in pairs and discuss the questions in Activity 13. Meanwhile, write a position titled: What I Know About Americans to answer these questions. Sample writing: What I Know About Americans I haven’t been to America once yet. However, I have many opportunities to have a better understanding of the Americans. I watch American TV programs, films, and I also listen to pop music and I have my own favorite singers. And I also have American friends who help me a lot. Who impresses me most is my oral English teacher named Pat from America in high school, who is old and very fat. Despite of these, she works very hard at teaching and prepares her lessons very well. She is more than our teacher. She is also our friend. It is her professional dedication that makes a deep impression on me. Not only have I met a hard-working American woman myself, but also I get to know another American woman from a TV programme “The Oprah Winfrey Show”. The show has been hosted by Oprah Winfrey on TV for almost 20 years non stop. Her show is one of the most popular television programmes in history. She has won many prizes for her work in television and film. Oprah Winfrey is a very successful TV personality in the US. Her life shows us that hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement, and success lies somewhere along that road. Moreover, I have also seen some American films. Erin Brockovich is one of the most entertaining movies I have seen! And I am very excited about that! In the film, an unemployed single mother with three little kids and has to work very hard. She bees a legal assistant and almost single-handedly brings down a California power pany accused of polluting a citys water supply. At last she not only earns a living for the whole family but also earns respect and self-value for herself. The lively character of the heroine is similar to the character of the heroine in the Chinese film Breaking the Silence. Of course I enjoy listening to American pop music. My favorite artist is Elvis Presley, who was a world-famous pop star and will always be loved by his fans from different countries. During his lifetime, he made more than 200 records and 30 films. The house where he once lived has been turned into a museum and is visited by thousands of people every year. Such were Americans, friendly, hard-working and great. Step IV Homework Guide students to find out a particular Native American tribe and make a presentation for the class. T: We have learned a lot about Native Americans in this module. After class, work in groups and choose a Native American tribe to study. Discuss these things and make notes: history of the tribe, culture, language and the tribe today. You can make use of the Internet and library to collect information and then write a passage according the information you find. Next period some of you will be asked to make a spoken presentation to the class. One possible version: The Sioux, one of the largest Native American groups, can be found throughout the northern Plains, including North and South Dakotas, northern Nebraska, eastern Wyoming, and southeastern Montana. The arrival of white Americans following the Louisiana Purchase lead to an end to native Sioux life due to the depletion of the buffalo. The Ghost Dance, a ceremony intended to call back the buffalo and send away the whites, gained prevalence as the Sioux attempted to regain their pre-contact lives. There are three native Sioux dialects, Dakota, Nakota and Lakota. Black Hills Gold has bee a well-known feature of the area where the Sioux once freely roamed. Although not directly associated with the Sioux, many Sioux artisans have set up shops in South Dakota selling jewelry and other cultural products. Today the Sioux have adapted to reservation and/or urban life. Many are involved in South Dakotas tourism industry. Many are engaged in farming and ranching, including the raising of bison. In 1990 there were more than 100,000 Sioux in the United States and more than 10,000 in Canada. 附 件 I. 課文注釋與疑難解析 1 （1）Native Americans are believed to have e to North America from north-east Asia, arriving over a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska about 12,000 years ago. 人們認(rèn)為美洲當(dāng)?shù)厝耸窃?2，000年前通過(guò)西伯立亞和阿拉斯加之間的一座陸路橋從亞洲的東北部來(lái)到北美洲的。 （2）But in Europe it is believed that the first person to use the Cape of Good Hope as a sea route was Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, when he sailed from Europe to the East in 1497. 但是在歐洲人們認(rèn)為第一個(gè)使用好望角，把其作為航海路線(xiàn)的人是葡萄牙探險(xiǎn)家瓦斯科?達(dá)伽馬。他是在1497年從歐洲開(kāi)始航行到美國(guó)的東部地區(qū)。 believe在這兩個(gè)句子中，雖然都用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但卻用于不同的句型： Sb / Sth is believed to do… (第一個(gè)句子) It is believed+ that clause. (第二個(gè)句子) E.g. He is believed to have finished his homework. It is believed that he has finished his homework. 類(lèi)似的用法有： Sb / Sth is said / thought / reported to do… It is said / thought / reported that clause. E.g. He is said to be translating the book now. It is said that he is translating the book now. The book is said to have been translated into several languages already. It is said that the book has been translated into several languages already. It was reported that 3 people had been killed in the accident. 3 people were reported to have been killed in the accident. 高考鏈接 1 AIDS is said_____the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have been （xx年高考湖北卷） 2 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to_____since the flood hit the area last Friday. A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost（xx年高考山東卷） 3 It is said that the early European playing-cards______for entertainment and education. A were being designed B have designed C have been designed D were designed（xx年高考遼寧卷） Key: 1 D 2 A 3 D 2 Only in 1868, after four terrible years, were they allowed to return to their land. 經(jīng)過(guò)可怕的四年之后, 也就是在1868年,他們才被允許返回到自己的土地上。 （1）這是一個(gè)倒裝句。當(dāng)“only + 狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，要用半倒裝。 E.g. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only in this way can you learn English well. Only when the war was over did he e back. （2）“only + 狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，要在主句上倒裝，而不在從句上倒裝。 E.g. Only when the war was over did he e back. （√） Only when was the war over he came back. （） ( 3 )“only + 主語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)，不倒裝。 E.g. Only a doctor can do it. （√） Only can a doctor do it. （） 高考鏈接 1 _____by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other panies. A Only B Just C Still D Yet （xx年高考浙江卷） 2 Only then_____how much damage had been caused. A she realized B she had realized C had she realized D did she realize（xx年高考陜西卷） Key: 1 A 2 D II. 文化背景知識(shí) THE TRAIL OF TEARS For thousands of years, Native Americans lived as hunters in North America. There were millions of people, with many different cultures, religions and languages. In 1492, Columbus arrived in America and soon after the first European settlers followed. Native Americans were either killed or driven off their land and many died of diseases that the newers brought to the continent. Over the next three hundred years, ninety percent of America’s original population was killed by wars, diseases or starvation. The white settlers wanted their land, and the Native Americans could not protect their homes and farms. From around 1790 to 1830, Native American tribes tried to solve the problem with the US government. Several agreements were reached, but the government broke its promises almost every time. Finally, by the 1830’s, the government decided to remove the Native Americans from their own land to make room for European settlers. One by one, the Native American tribes were moved west. Indians who resisted were killed One of the best-known examples of the hardships suffered by the Native Americans is the sad story of the Cherokee tribe. The Cherokees lived in the southeast of the United States. They lived by farming, hunting and fishing and had been able to adapt to modern society. The Cherokees had built homes and farms, developed a written language and made their own laws. Despite their hard work, the Cherokees were not treated fairly. When the government began driving the Native Americans away, the Cherokees were among the last to go. In 1838, the government began putting Cherokee men, women and children in camps and made them walk a thousand miles. The winter was cold and there was not much food. About 4,000 Cherokees died during the march, which became known as the ”Trail of Tears” or “the trail where they cried”. In the years that followed, Native Americans lived through one of the darkest times in their history. By the end of the nineteenth century, only some 250,000 Native Americans had survived. Their culture and way of life had been destroyed, their land had been taken away from them, and they were not given the rights most other Americans enjoyed. Most of the Native Americans were forced to live in special places, called “reservations”, often in poor areas with few resources, given to them by the government. Few Native Americans were able to get an education and many lived in poverty. In the twentieth century, Native Americans began to gather strength again. The Civil Rights Movement was succeeding and some of the basic rights were given to Native Americans for the first time in history. Their culture and history were included in school history books and some of the languages began to be taught again. Much had been lost and destroyed over the past 300 years, but the spirit of the Native Americans had not been broken. Today, Native Americans are beginning to receive the respect they deserve and their culture is recognized as an important part of American history. In xx, a National Museum was opened to honor the first Americans and to remind us all not only of the pain and suffering caused b the Trail of Tears and other sad times, but also of the joy, beauty and strength of Native American culture and history. The Trail of Tears has not been forgotten. In fact, the terrible march has created a beautiful story, that of the Cherokee Rose. According to the story, the tears of the Cherokee mothers turned into flowers as they fell to the ground. The flower, a rose, is white as the tears and has a gold center, representing the gold that was taken from the Cherokee lands. The rose has seven leaves, one for each group of Cherokees that marched on the Trail of Tears. The flower still grows along the trail and it is now the state flower of Georgia.