高中英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題 主謂一致課件 新人教版必修4.ppt
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主謂一致,By Ivan Fang,一.概念: 主謂一致是指: 1) 語(yǔ)法一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。 2) 意義一致,即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3) 就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ). 一般來(lái)說(shuō),不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如: There is much water in the thermos(熱水瓶). 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.,二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講 1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),例如: Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。 注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。 典型例題 The League secretary(團(tuán)支部書記) and monitor(班長(zhǎng))___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒(méi)有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。,2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則 1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如: There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。 2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。,3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with(和), like, except, but, no less than(正如), as well as(和) 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。,4. 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)的情況 1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。 2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如: The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本書。 3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如: Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。,5.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如: All is right. 一切順利。 All are present. 人都到齊了。 2)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience(聽眾, 觀眾), crew(工作人員), crowd, class, company(一群), committee等詞后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如: His family isnt very large. 他家成員不多。 His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛好者。 但集合名詞people, police, cattle(牲畜), poultry(家禽)等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Are there any police around? 3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion(比例), majority(多數(shù)) 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如: A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.,6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況 1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of(許多), lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如: Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 2)用a portion of(一部分), a series of, a pile of, a panel of(小組) 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。 3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如: Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過(guò)這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。,三.鞏固練習(xí) ( ) 1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were ( ) 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play ( ) 3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are ( ) 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed ( ) 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having,,,,,,( ) 6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours. A. is B. are C. were D. be ( )7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been ( )8. When ______ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )9. Every possible means _____ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried ( ) 10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me. 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