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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit17 Laughter單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修6 1. amuse [] vt. 逗樂， 使（某人）笑 【經(jīng)典例句】 A clowns job is to amuse the spectators. 小丑的工作是使得觀眾娛樂。 We were all amused at his foolish behaviour. 我們對(duì)他那愚蠢的行為都感到好笑。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1) amuse =to cause to laugh or smile by giving pleasure 作“使歡樂；逗…笑”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如： His story amuses me. 他的故事使我發(fā)笑。 2)作“消遣”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接反身代詞作賓語。amuse oneself with以...自?shī)?。如? She amused herself by reading detective stories. 她讀偵探小說消遣。 The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games. 孩子們玩捉迷藏游戲取樂。 It was too rainy to play outside, so she amused herself with a book. 雨大,不適合在外面玩,所以她看書消遣。 3)作“使得自己消遣”講時(shí)，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，be amused at/by/with以...為樂, 對(duì)...覺得有趣/好笑。如：We were amused at the joke.我們覺得這個(gè)笑話真有趣。 4)amused adj. 修飾人, amusing adj. 修飾物,如： I am amused at the amusing toy boy. 我被那個(gè)有趣的玩具娃娃逗樂了。 5) amusement 作“歡樂，快樂 娛樂，消遣,”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，常常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are many amusements in big cities. 大城市有許多娛樂。 6) 辨析amusing和interesting 這兩個(gè)詞不是同義詞，但都含有“引起興趣的”這一含義。其差別在于： amusing指在娛樂、嬉戲時(shí)有趣的東西給人的感覺，或者在非集中思想于工作、學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，某有趣的東西給人們的感覺。 interesting指在任何時(shí)候，某有趣的事物引起了人的注意。 I had an amusing experience last year.去我有過一次好笑的經(jīng)歷。 The play was very interesting. I didnt enjoy it. 那出戲很有趣,我沒能欣賞。 【活學(xué)活用】單項(xiàng)填空 1)He is an amusing storyteller and he has got a very job. A. amusing B. interesting C. messy D. mature 2) The children themselves by playing hide-and-seek games. a. entertained B. interested C. encouraged D. amused 答案： 1）B 2）D 2. withdraw vt. 提取，收回 【經(jīng)典例句】 He had just withdrawn $500 from a bank account yersterday when he was robbed.昨天他剛從銀行里取了500美元，這時(shí)被搶劫了。 The newspaper withdrew the words about the film star the next day. 這家報(bào)社第二天收回了關(guān)于那個(gè)電影明星的一些說法。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1) 構(gòu)詞： with ＋ draw（拖、拉），過去式、過去分詞：withdrew, withdrawn 近義詞：remove，to take back or away, 2)withdraw作“提取”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“錢”的名詞作賓語。如： Now you need not withdraw money in the bank, you can use your bank card. 你不必從銀行里提款，你可以用你的銀行卡。 3)作“收回”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接what he said, words, promise, ment等語言方面的名詞作賓語。如： I am sorry. I withdrew what I had said. 對(duì)不起，我收回我說的話。 4)作“撤退、撤回”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接動(dòng)名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如： The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects. 這藥因許多人服后產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重副作用而被停止銷售。 5）還用作不及物動(dòng)詞vi. 撤退,退出， 常常和from連用。例如：He has decided to withdraw from the petition.他已決定退出競(jìng)賽。 6）記住下列常用短語： to withdraw a remark 收回一句話 to withdraw ones hand from the hot stove把手從熱火爐旁縮回 to withdraw money from the bank從銀行取款 to withdraw a curtain 拉開窗簾 to withdraw ones eyes from把視線從...移開 【活學(xué)活用】填入正確的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)： It would be unbelievable that he should from the race! She withdrew her eyes from his son’s dirty right hand and him from school. 答案： 1）have withdrawn 2） withdrew 3. clarify vt. 澄清, 講清楚 【經(jīng)典例句】 China clarified his stand on the border. 中國(guó)澄清了在邊界問題上的立場(chǎng)。 The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women. 政府已經(jīng)反復(fù)闡明政府對(duì)男女同工同酬的立場(chǎng)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：clar（＝clear 變清）＋ ify（使） 2）同義詞：explain 解釋，make clear使…清楚 3） 派生詞：clarifying adj. 澄清的， clarification n.澄清, 凈化 4）作“澄清, 講清楚”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接idea, position, mind, side等表示觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、觀念的名詞作賓語。如： The girl clarified her thought in front of her classmates in the classroom. 這個(gè)女孩在教室里當(dāng)著同學(xué)們的面，說出 了自己的想法。 5） 同樣的“使…清楚”之意， clarify側(cè)重使某問題、某觀點(diǎn)清楚， clean 側(cè)重使某物體干凈， clear 側(cè)重清除臟物或障礙。 【活學(xué)活用】漢譯英 1）他的說明解開了這個(gè)謎。 2）對(duì)這個(gè)問題我的頭腦變得清楚了。 答案：1）His explanation clarified the mystery. 2）My mind was clarified on this issue. 4. delay vt. 延誤，延期 【經(jīng)典例句】 We can’t guarantee that our flights will never be delayed. 我們不能保證我們的所有航班均不誤點(diǎn)。 The accident delayed the train for two hours. 事故使火車耽擱了兩小時(shí)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1） 構(gòu)詞： de（前綴，取消）＋ lay(放置) 2）作“延誤，延期”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“時(shí)間”的名詞作賓語。如： The letter was delayed three days by the train accident. 這次火車事故使這封信耽擱了三天。 3）作“耽擱”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接旅途、工程、工作的進(jìn)展的名詞作賓語。如：The heavy rain delayed Chen Sheng and Wu Guang’s journey to the Great Wall spot. 一場(chǎng)大雨耽擱了陳勝和吳廣到長(zhǎng)城工地的旅程。 4）還有名詞的用法： 延遲,耽擱。例如：My doctor advised me to give up smoking without delay.我的醫(yī)生勸我立即戒煙。 5）delay后不能接不定式， 只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,中學(xué)教材中常見的類似的動(dòng)詞還有:avoid, admit , advise , consider , enjoy , finish , forbid , give up , imagine , keep , mind , miss , practise , permit , resist , risk , suggest等。編為順口溜： 特殊動(dòng)詞接“動(dòng)名” “放棄”“享受”可“后悔”， “堅(jiān)持”“練習(xí)”必“完成”， “延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它們實(shí)惠切必行。 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 1) It was foggy and, as a result, his flight was for two hours. A. delayed B. delaying C. delay D. to delay 2) Thousands of muters were delayed over an hour. A. at B. in C. to D. for 答案： 1）A 2）D 5.scared [d] adj. 驚恐的，擔(dān)驚受怕的 【經(jīng)典例句】 She was scared to death to wait for the result of his entrance examination in the middle of June. 在六月中旬， 她非常害怕地等著成績(jī)。 The watchdog scared away the thief by barking. 看門狗大聲吠叫嚇走了竊賊。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1) 作“恐懼的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常作表語，后接不定式，常修飾表示某人害怕做某事。如：Id be scared to do that.我怕做那件事。 2）作“恐嚇，驚嚇”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常作表語，常與of, to連用，表示某人害怕某事。 I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕這條大狗。 The small animals were scared like anything when they saw a tiger walking towards them.當(dāng)看到一只老虎向它們走來時(shí),這些小動(dòng)物嚇得象什么似的。 3）scare作“把…嚇跑”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，常與away, off, up連用，常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如： The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把賊嚇跑了。 4）scared和afraid同意，但是scared可以作表語和定語，例如：a scared look吃驚的面孔，afraid 不能作定語，只能作表語。 5)牢記短語：be scared of doing因…而害怕, be more scared than hurt自找煩惱, 虛驚， be scared stiff被嚇壞， 被嚇呆,run scared(擔(dān)心競(jìng)選等失敗)行動(dòng)小心謹(jǐn)慎, throw a scare into sb. 使...嚇一大跳, 嚇壞...,scare away /off 把...嚇跑 3)注意辨析：scare sb. away 把某人嚇跑，scare sb. into doing威脅某人干某事，scare sb. off嚇退。 【活學(xué)活用】漢譯英： 1）The rising prices of oil have scared the car customers off the station. A. from B. in C. on D. off 2）They that the ship might be wrecked. A. scared to B. are scaring C. scared D. are scared 答案： 1） D 2） D 6. scratch [] vt. 抓（傷），劃（破） 【經(jīng)典例句】 His arms were scratched by thorns. 他的手臂被荊棘劃破了。 That cat will scratch you with its claws. 那貓會(huì)用爪子抓你的。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：scr（＝seize ）＋atch（＝catch） 2) scratch作“抓（傷），劃（破）”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示人的身體部位和受傷處的名詞作賓語。如：He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲在他腿上搔蟲咬的地方。 3）scratch常與out, off, through等介詞連用, 表示“刮掉,刪掉”。 如：He scratched the paint off the wall. 他從墻上刮下油漆。 4）還有名詞的用法：scratches 抓痕,擦傷。如： He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches.他跌入荊棘叢,弄得傷痕累累。 5）還有形容詞的用法：scratch adj. 湊合的,匆匆組成的。例如：Theirs is a scratch team and did not expect to win the game.他們是臨時(shí)組建的球隊(duì),沒有期望贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。 【活學(xué)活用】 介詞填空 1）He pretended scratch his ear. 2）His name was scratched the list. 答案： 1. to 2.off 7. acknowledge [Ek5nRlIdV] vt. 認(rèn)可，承認(rèn) 【經(jīng)典例句】The workers all acknowledge the need of reform. 工人們都承認(rèn)改革的必要性。 He was acknowledged to be the best player. 他被公認(rèn)為是最佳選手。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：ac(=act 行動(dòng))＋knowledge(知識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)) 2）同義詞：admit承認(rèn)，realize認(rèn)識(shí)到，thank感謝。 3）同根詞：acknowledgement　n. 承認(rèn)。 4)作“認(rèn)可，公認(rèn)為；”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。is acknowledged as/to be 被公認(rèn)為是……如： Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year. 喬被公認(rèn)為是今最佳籃球選手。 5)作“認(rèn)可，公認(rèn)為；”講時(shí)，還可以接從句。 It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell. 大家都認(rèn)為狗的嗅覺敏銳。 6)作“承認(rèn)，”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接truth，belief等名詞作賓語。如： I acknowledge the truth of his statement. 我承認(rèn)他說的是事實(shí)。 7)作“對(duì)…表示感謝，”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接cheer，favor等名詞作賓語。如：The man waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd. 那人揮手對(duì)大眾的歡呼表示感謝。 8)牢記短語：acknowledge sb./sth. as… 承認(rèn)某人的地位、權(quán)利等，acknowledge sb. 感謝某人，acknowledge sb. to be…承認(rèn)某人是……。 【活學(xué)活用】寫出同義句： 普遍認(rèn)為他是世界上最好的足球隊(duì)員。 He is widely acknowledged to be the best football player in the world. 答案：He is widely considered to be the best football player in the world. 8. resist [rI5zIst] vt. 抵抗，抵制 【經(jīng)典例句】 They are determined to resist the pressure to change the law. 他們決心頂住改變法律的壓力。 A healthy body resists disease. 健康的身體能抵御疾病。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）re(＝back，against) + sist(=stand)背靠站著→抵抗 2)同義詞：oppose抵制，抵抗。 3)反義詞：obey遵守。 4）構(gòu)詞：resistance n. 抵制，resistant adj.　有抵抗力的 5）作“抵抗,反抗”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接動(dòng)名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如： The nation was unable to resist the invasion. 該國(guó)無力抵抗侵略。 6）作“忍耐,忍住”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，常用于否定句, couldn’t resist抵擋不住，忍不住，后面常接表示誘惑的名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能接不定式。如： I couldnt resist the temptation to tease a little dog. 我忍不住要逗狗玩。 She could hardly resist laughing。 她真忍不住要笑。 【活學(xué)活用】 單項(xiàng)填空 Little Tom is addicted to puter games, and he playing truant. A. will resist B. can resist C. can’t resist D. resistance 答案: C 9. forbid [fE5bId] vt.禁止，不準(zhǔn) 【經(jīng)典例句】 He forbade them form mentioning the subject again. 他不準(zhǔn)他們?cè)偬岬竭@個(gè)問題。 Women here are forbidden from going out without a veil. 這兒的婦女不戴面紗禁止外出。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞： for(為了)+ bid（控制） 2) 過去式和過去分詞：(forbade or forbad, forbidden) 3）反義詞：allow v.允許 4）作“禁止，不準(zhǔn)，”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。forbid doing sth.禁止做某事，如：The new law forbids smoking in offices. 新法律禁止在辦公室抽煙。 5）也可以接表示“人”的名詞作賓語，再接不定式，forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事。Most of the parents agree to forbade their children to smoke. 大多數(shù)父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。 6）作“不許”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞into, to等。Anyone is forbidden into the house任何人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)屋。 7）forbid常用于以下句型： forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事 forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人干某事， … is strictly forbidden嚴(yán)禁……, 8）牢記短語： Parking forbidden !禁止停車 ! Cameras are forbidden!禁止拍照! God forbid! 但愿上帝阻止(這事發(fā)生)! 【活學(xué)活用】單項(xiàng)填空： 1）-----Maybe you’ll end up as a fail(考試落第者), like me. ------ ! A. With pleasure B. God forbid C. I think D. Go ahead 2）(全國(guó)卷III 15)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _______ her to do so. A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask 答案：1）B 2）B 10. universal [] adj. 全世界的, 普遍的, 通用的 【經(jīng)典例句】 Football is a universal game. 足球是一項(xiàng)全球性的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 The government introduced universal secondary education years ago. 幾前,政府就倡導(dǎo)普及中等教育。 Personal puters are of universal interest; everyone is learning how to use them. 個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)大家都感興趣，每個(gè)人都在學(xué)習(xí)怎樣使用微機(jī)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：univers(e)（宇宙）＋ al（后綴） 2）反義詞：individual 3)作“全世界的,”講時(shí)，是形容詞，修飾game, sports, travel等詞。如： Stoping pollution is a universal besiness.阻止污染是一項(xiàng)全球性的事務(wù)。 4)作“普遍的,”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常修飾education，schooling, train等詞。如： The government has offered all the money for the universal secondary education. 政府全額提供中等教育的費(fèi)用。 5)作“通用的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常修飾use, way, method等詞。如： The puter has a universal use in the home. 電腦在家庭中有廣泛的用途。 6）注意下列短語的用法: universal rules一般的原則 universal time 世界時(shí) universal agent總代理人, 全權(quán)代理人 universal travel 環(huán)球旅行 7）辨析：universal general 兩者意思都含“普遍的”、“一般的”。 universal指“適用于任何情況, 而沒有任何例外的”, 例如:War causes universal misery.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)引起普遍的苦難。 general語意比 universal弱, 指“適用于全部情況的”, 或“適用于大部分情況的”, 例如:general principles通則, in general 一般說來 【活學(xué)活用】選詞填空: A. universal B. university C. in general 1)This machine has a use in the home. 2)His speech met with universal applause in the hall. 3)Such a universal genius is hard to meet . 答案：1）C 2）B 3）A 11.astonish [] vt. 使驚訝, 使驚駭 【經(jīng)典例句】 I was astonished when I heard the hospital had burnt down. 當(dāng)我聽到那所醫(yī)院被燒毀時(shí)，我大為驚訝。 We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion. 聽說他們的足球隊(duì)獲得了冠軍,這真叫人意想不到。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：as(=ex 加強(qiáng)語氣)+tonare(=thunder雷聲) vt 使吃驚 2） astonish作“使吃驚”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如：The news astonished everybody.這消息使人人感到驚訝。 3) astonished作“吃驚的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，修飾人、人的某個(gè)部位或表情等。be surprised at對(duì)某事感到驚訝，如：She gave him an astonished look.她驚訝地看了他一眼。 4)astonishing作“令人驚訝的,驚人的,”講時(shí)，是形容詞，修飾事物。如：It was astonishing to everyone that the court had made such a decision.法庭竟做出這樣的裁決,這使大家驚訝。 5)astonishment 作“驚訝”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞， in astonishment驚訝地。 如：He looked at me in astonishment.他驚奇地望著我。 6)牢記下面的短語： lost in astonishment十分驚愕, 驚異不已，to ones astonishment使人吃驚的是 【活學(xué)活用】用astonish的相關(guān)形式填空： 1）He was at what he found. 2）She gave him an look. 3）The news everybody. 答案： 1）astonished 2）astonished 3）astonished 12. disgusting [] adj. 厭惡的 【經(jīng)典例句】 The dirty street was disgusting. 那條骯臟的街道令人作嘔。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）disgust n. 作嘔, 憎惡, 反感常常和at, for, towards, against連用。 2)同義詞：disgusting＝ tiring 令人討厭的 3)disgusted“厭惡的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，修飾人，例如：He has a disgusted on his face. 他的臉上表現(xiàn)出厭惡的表情。 4）作“令人厭惡的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，disgusting修飾物,如：There is disgusting food on the table. 桌子上放著令人厭惡的食物。 5）注意下列短語的用法: be disgusted at /by/with 討厭, 唾棄, 對(duì)...作嘔 take a disgust at嫌, 討厭 to ones disgust可厭的是, 令人作嘔的是 【活學(xué)活用】語態(tài)句型轉(zhuǎn)換： His behavior disgusted everybody. The food disgusted me. 答案： 1）Everybody was disgusted at his behavior. 2）I am disgusted at the food. 13．desperate [] adj. 不顧一切的 【經(jīng)典例句】 She was desperate to sell flowers for money to provide for a large family. 她拼命地賣花掙錢,供養(yǎng)一個(gè)大家。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：de（加強(qiáng)語氣）＋sperate（＝separate 分離） 2)派生詞：desperately adv. 拼命地, 失望地， desperateness n. 拼命3)desperate作 “不顧一切的”講時(shí)，是形容詞, 如： His failure made him desperate. 他因失敗而鋌而走險(xiǎn)。 4) desperate常常和介詞for或不定式連用，表示極度渴望的。如：The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 在沙漠中迷失方向的人極度渴望得到水。 5）要記住以desperate為中心的短語： a desperate remedy非常的手段 a desperate enemy做困獸之斗的敵人 a desperate situation嚴(yán)重的形勢(shì) 6）in spite of作“不管，盡管”講時(shí)，是介詞＝regardless of。如：I went out in spite of the rain. 盡管下雨我還是出去了。We will persevere regardless of past failures.盡管以前我們失敗過，但仍要堅(jiān)持下去 7）although, though, as三者也能夠表達(dá)“盡管”之意，但是，它們都是連詞，后面接從句。如：We will persevere though we failed many times.盡管以前我們失敗過，但仍要堅(jiān)持下去 【活學(xué)活用】選詞填空: A. desperate B. desperately C. In spite of 1) great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. 2)He was when he lost all his money. 3)The old woman at the street corner must be lost. She is looking around ________ for someone to help her. 答案： 1）C 2）A 3）B 14. obtain [] vt. 得到, 獲得 【經(jīng)典例句】They obtained a loan from the government. 他們從政府那里得到一筆貸款。 I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我終于設(shè)法弄到了這個(gè)報(bào)告的副本。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1) 構(gòu)詞：ob(加強(qiáng)語氣)+ tain（緊握在手） 2) obtainable adj.　可獲得的 3)同義詞：get , gain獲得,反義詞：lose丟失。 3）obtain作“得到，獲得”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：I havent been able to obtain that book. 我還沒能得到那本書。 4)辨析： obtain，get, gain, win, earn 這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“得到”。 obtain包含著“努力”、“希望”或“決意”去獲得某物的意思。 Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. 那時(shí)平常的人便能運(yùn)用它們?nèi)カ@取寶貴的信息。 get是最普遍、使用范圍最廣的詞 I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. 我坐在公共汽車的前部，以得到有利于觀賞農(nóng)村風(fēng)光的機(jī)會(huì)。 gain有obtain的含義，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，而且這種東西具有價(jià)值，特別是物質(zhì)價(jià)值。 During that time, she so gained her bosss confidence that she was put in charge of the staff. 在這期間，她得到了老板如此的信任，結(jié)果被委任為負(fù)責(zé)人。 win雖然常常指“贏得贊揚(yáng)、獎(jiǎng)賞、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、第一名”。 It seemed certain that this would win the prize. 這一塊會(huì)得獎(jiǎng)，這似乎是肯定的了。 earn包含著獲得物與所花的氣力是相互成比例的 His achievements earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就為他贏得別人的尊敬和贊美。 【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)上文所述填空： 1）The journalist immediately set out to these important facts. 2）A penny saved is a penny . 答案： 1）obtain 2） gained 15. pensate [] vt. 補(bǔ)償, 賠償 【經(jīng)典例句】We pensate workers for injuries suffered at their work. 我們對(duì)工人在工作中受傷給予補(bǔ)償。 Nothing can pensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter. 輕的媽媽喪失了自己心愛的女兒是任何東西也彌補(bǔ)不了的。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞： (和，與)+ pens(=pay ) + ate （后綴） 2）同義詞： reward 酬勞 3）近義詞： make up for 彌補(bǔ) 4）作“補(bǔ)償,賠償”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。to pensate sb. for 為…向某人賠償。如： The pany pensates her for extra work.公司因她的額外工作而給她報(bào)酬。 5）pensation 作“報(bào)酬，賠償金”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，如： Equal pensation should be given to men and women for equal work. 男女同工應(yīng)同酬。 6）牢記下面的短語： pensation trade補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 make pensation for sb.s losses 賠償某人的損失 【活學(xué)活用】漢譯英 1）光陰一去不復(fù)還。 2）她智力欠佳權(quán)以美貌彌補(bǔ)。 答案： 1）Nothing can pensate for the loss of time. 3） She used her good looks to pensate for her lack of intelligence. 16. deliberately [] adv. 不慌不忙地 【經(jīng)典例句】 Only those who work hard can finish their exams deliberately. 只有努力學(xué)習(xí)的 人才能不慌不忙地答完試卷。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)構(gòu)詞：de（前綴，加強(qiáng)語氣）＋liberate（釋放）＋ly deliberately作“不慌不忙地”講時(shí)，是副詞，作狀語。如： In time of danger, the old driver drove the bus deliberately until help came. 在危機(jī)的時(shí)刻，老司機(jī)不慌不忙地駕駛著汽車，直到救援來到。 2)作“考慮，熟思;”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接question, problem等名詞作賓語。如：He deliberated the question before he made an answer.答復(fù)以前, 他仔細(xì)地考慮了這個(gè)問題。 3）deliberate adj. 周密計(jì)劃的，深思熟慮的 taking deliberate action 采取謹(jǐn)慎的行動(dòng) a deliberate decision慎重的決定 a deliberate murder蓄意謀殺 4)deliberate作“思考、討論某事”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，與with連用，表示“與某人協(xié)商”常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如：I deliberated with the headmaster on the future plans of teacher.我和校長(zhǎng)商討了下一步的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。 【活學(xué)活用】利用deliberate填空 1)He always walked no matter what happened. 2)I with the director on the future plans of production. 答案： 1）deliberately 2） deliberated 17. convince [] vt. 使相信 【經(jīng)典例句】It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to go to school again. 我花費(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，才說服那個(gè)窮孩子去上學(xué)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞： con（一起）+vince（戰(zhàn)勝，同win） 2)同義詞： persuade勸說 3)作“使相信”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如： He convinced me that I should study law. 他勸我應(yīng)該學(xué)法律。 4）convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事。He was convinced of his mistakes. 他認(rèn)識(shí)了錯(cuò)誤。 5) 注意搭配: convince oneself of充分弄明白。 convince sb. by sound arguments 以理服人 be fully /half convinced 充分相信/半信 【活學(xué)活用】單句改錯(cuò)： 1）We were convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane. 2）He convinced myself of his innocence. 答案： 1）去掉 were 2）把myself 改為me 18. starve [] vt. 挨餓, 餓死 【經(jīng)典例句】 Because of the flood, the young villagers were starving. 由于洪水，村子里的輕人正在挨餓。 The child was starved to death. 孩子被活活餓死了。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1)作“挨餓, 餓死”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接動(dòng)名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：The snow storm starved the sheep to death.暴風(fēng)雪使得羊群餓死。 They tried to starve the army into surrender. 他們?cè)噲D使守軍因饑餓而投降。 2)作“渴望”講時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，starve for =be starved of。如：The homeless children were starved of love. =The homeless children starved for love. =The homeless children longed for love.這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛。 3）切記starve 表“感覺很餓”時(shí)，僅用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如： When will the dinner be ready? I’m starving.晚飯什么時(shí)候做好？我要餓死了。 4）辨析hungry 表示一般性的“餓了”，是形容詞，starve “餓”的程度更深，starve只用作動(dòng)詞。 【活學(xué)活用】漢譯英 1）這些植物極需要水。 2）探險(xiǎn)者們?cè)谏衬叙I死了。 答案： 1）The plants are starving for water. 2）The explorers starved to death in the desert. 19. acplish [] vt. 做成功，完成 【經(jīng)典例句】 I acplished two hours work before dinner. 我在吃飯前完成了兩小時(shí)的工作。 You should acplish the task on time. 你們必須準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1）構(gòu)詞：ac（＝ad 加強(qiáng)語氣）＋plish（ =plete ）完成 2）同義詞：finish, plete 完成 3) acplish作“完成”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接task, homework等名詞作賓語。如： You should acplish your homework before you go to play football. 你們必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 4) acplish plete 和 finish 三者都含“完成”的意思。 acplish 通常接 task, aim, journey, voyage 等名詞, 有“達(dá)成(效果)”之意, 例如: The explorers acplished the voyage in five weeks.探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)在五周內(nèi)完成了航程。 plete 比 acplish 具體, 可接建筑、工程、書籍等名詞。 例如:The building will be pleted by the end of this month.這座樓于本月底建成。 finish 在許多情況下可與 plete 換用, 但不及 plete 正式。 例如:I have finished the book.我已讀完了這本書。 5）注意下列短語的用法: acplish ones object / a purpose達(dá)到目的 acplish ones mission完成使命 4） He can acplish more in a day than any o ther boy in his class. 他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多。 【活學(xué)活用】用acplish的正確的形式填空： 1）They their mission successfully.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)） 2）The journey in five weeks. （一般過去時(shí)態(tài)） 答案：1）have acplished 2）was acplished