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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 4 Body language Learning about language同步練習(xí) 新人教版必修4 Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳答案。 1．(xx北京)He is a student at Oxford University，________for a degree in puter science. A．studied B．studying C．to have studied D．to be studying 答案：B　主語He與study之間為主動關(guān)系，此處現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，不定式常表示目的和結(jié)果，所以不合適。 2．(xx四川)Peter received a letter just now______his grandma would e to see him soon. A．said B．says C．saying D．to say 答案：C　letter與say之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語相當(dāng)于定語從句which said。 3．(xx天津)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，________in the natural light during the day. A．to let B．letting C．let D．having let 答案：B　The glass doors與let之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果；不定式表示出乎意外或不愿出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，所以A項(xiàng)不合適。 4．(xx湖南)As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not________， and asked myself what I was going to do. A．moved B．moving C．to move D．being moved 答案：B　分析一下可知stood與ask為并列動作，而not move則是當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)，主語Ⅰ與move為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 5．(xx陜西)________that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. A．To have said B．Having said C．To say D．Saying 答案：B　此處需要用分詞作狀語表示讓步意義，主句主語Ⅰ與say之間為主動關(guān)系，而且說這一動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用完成式更合適。 6．(xx江蘇－30)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always________the same thing. A．saying　　　　　 B．said C．to say D．having said 答案：A　題意：每當(dāng)有人問他為何遲到時(shí)，他總會心不在焉地回答，說相同的事情。現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中擔(dān)任伴隨狀語。 7．(xx全國2－32)________and happy, Tony stood up and accepted and prize. A．Surprising B．Surprised C．Being surprised D．To be surprising 答案：B　題意：托尼又驚又喜，站起來接受獎品。本題考查過去分詞短語(或形容詞短語)在句中擔(dān)任狀語。短語surprised and happy與句子的主語Tony之間構(gòu)成“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)其前不能采用being。注意：由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞在句中擔(dān)任狀語或后置定語時(shí)，不能和being連用。例如：① Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.陷入沉思，他差一點(diǎn)撞到前面的車上。(原因狀語)② The girl dressed in white is my cousin.身穿白衣的那個女孩是我表妹。(后置定語) 8．(xx四川－33)________with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time. A．Faced B．Face C．Facing D．To face 答案：A　題意：面對如此多的困難，我們沒有準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。過去分詞短語在句中擔(dān)任原因狀語，轉(zhuǎn)化為原因狀語從句為：As we were faced with so much trouble，...；其中，be faced with表示“面對，面臨”；例如：You are faced with choices.你面臨選擇。注意：由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞在句中擔(dān)任狀語或后置定語時(shí)，不能和being連用。 9．(xx陜西－17)Faced with a bill for $10,000，____. A．John has taken an extra job B．the boss has given John an extra job C．a(chǎn)n extra job has been taken D．a(chǎn)n extra job has been given to John 答案：A　題意：面臨著10,000美元的債務(wù)，約翰兼職又做了一份工作。非謂語動詞(短語)作狀語，其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。面對債務(wù)的人應(yīng)該是約翰而不是“老板”或“工作”。 10．(xx湖北－34)Dont sit there ________nothing. e and help me with this table. A．do B．to do C．doing D．a(chǎn)nd doing 答案：C　題意：不要坐在那兒無所事事，過來幫我搬桌子?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語doing nothing在句中擔(dān)任伴隨狀語。本題的Dont sit there...是一個簡單句，一個單句有且只能有一個謂語動詞。既然這里的sit已經(jīng)是一個謂語動詞了，就不能再出現(xiàn)第二個謂語動詞，所以要將動詞do變成分詞doing，與句子的主語(you)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 11．(xx浙江－5)When________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A．pared B．being pared C．paring D．having pared 答案：C　題意：在比較不同的文化時(shí)，我們通常只是注意其差異，而忽視了它們的許多相似之處。本題考查狀語從句的省略，補(bǔ)充完整為：When we pare different cultures，...；本題也可以理解為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語。動詞pare與主語we構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，采用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。 12．(xx安徽－21)My cousin came to see me from the country，________me a full basket of fresh fruits. A．brought B．bringing C．to bring D．had brought 答案：B　題意：表兄從鄉(xiāng)下來看我，給我?guī)砹艘换@子新鮮的水果。現(xiàn)在分詞短語bring me a full basket of fresh fruits在句中作伴隨狀語，表示與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生的一個主動動作。 13．(xx上海－40)________automatically(自動地)the email will be received by all the club members. A．Mailed out B．Mailing out C．To be mailed out D．Having mailed out 答案：A　題意：這封電子郵件自動發(fā)出，俱樂部的所有成員都能收到。本題考查分詞作方式狀語。動詞mail的邏輯主語是句子的主語email，郵件是被寄出地，所以采用過去分詞表示“被動”和“完成”的含義，故選A。注意：不定式短語在句中只能擔(dān)任“目的狀語” “原因狀語”和“結(jié)果狀語”。 14．(xx山東－27)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，________a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A．have reached B．reaching C．to reach D．to be reaching 答案：B　題意：自從年初以來，石油的價(jià)格已經(jīng)上漲了32%，四月份達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的每桶57.65美元的價(jià)格?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示一個自然而然的結(jié)果；例如：He fired, wounding one of the bandits. 他開了槍，打傷了其中一個匪徒。不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果；例如：I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子不見了。 15．(xx全國3－20)“You cant catch me ！”Janet shouted，________away. A．run B．running C．to run D．ran 答案：B　題意：“你抓不住我！”珍妮特喊叫著跑遠(yuǎn)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞running在句中作伴隨狀語，表示一個與謂語動詞shouted同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動動作。例如：Holding the rope with one hand, he stretched out the other to the boy in the water.他一只手拉著繩子，把另一只手伸給水中的男孩。 16．(xx上海－36)More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，________advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A．taking B．taken C．having taken D．having been taken 答案：A　題意：如今越來越多的人報(bào)名參加瑜伽課程，充分利用健康和放松所帶來的益處。take advantage of sth.＝make full use of sth.＝put sth. to good use表示“利用，利用……的機(jī)會，充分利用”；例如：They took full advantage of the hotels facilities.他們充分利用旅館的設(shè)備。本題考查分詞作伴隨狀語；take advantage of與句子的主語people之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，所以采用現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個與謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作。 17．(xx廣東－24)He glanced over at her，________that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A．having noted B．noted C．to note D．noting 答案：D　題意：他瞥了她一眼，注意到盡管她身材纖弱，但似乎小巧玲瓏。分詞(短語)在句中擔(dān)任方式或伴隨狀語(通常位于句末)。此外，句子的主語he與動作note之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示一個與謂語動詞glanced at同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作。 18．(xx重慶－26)Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together，________fun. A．had B．have C．to have D．having 答案：D　題意：爸爸并不介意我們做什么，只要我們一起玩得高興就行。在as long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語having fun作伴隨狀語，表示一個與從句謂語動詞were together同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動動作。 19．(xx湖北－26)________from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated 答案：C　題意：與其它的大陸分離了數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間，澳大利亞擁有世界上其它國家所沒有的許多生物物種。本題考查分詞作原因狀語，句子的主語Australia與動作separate之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系；排除選項(xiàng)B。此外， 分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，尤其是時(shí)間狀語for millions of years的存在，決定了現(xiàn)在分詞必須采用完成式。本句可轉(zhuǎn)化為原因狀語從句As it has been separated from other continents for millions of years，... 20．(xx福建－33)When ________help, one often says“Thank you.” or“Its kind of you.” A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered 答案：D　題意：當(dāng)?shù)玫絹碜运说膸椭鷷r(shí)，我們常常說“謝謝?！被颉爸x謝你?！北绢}考查時(shí)間狀語的省略。補(bǔ)充完整為：When he or she is offered help, one often says“Thank you” or“Its very kind of you”．此外也可以理解為分詞作時(shí)間狀語，句子的主語one與動作offer之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，采用過去分詞作狀語。注意：分詞作狀語時(shí)，前面可加上when, while, after, before, since等。 21．(xx江西－31)The manager，________it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making 答案：B　題意：經(jīng)理向我們表明他不同意我們的觀點(diǎn)后，就離開了會議室。本題考查分詞在句中擔(dān)任時(shí)間狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式having made在句中作時(shí)間狀語，表示一個發(fā)生在謂語動作left之前的主動動作，并且與句子的主語the manager構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A可修改為who had made，構(gòu)成非限制性定語從句。 22．“We can t go out in this weather，” said Bob，________out of the window. A．looking B．to look C．looked D．having looked 答案：A　題意：鮑勃雙眼盯著窗外，說道“在這種天氣狀況下，我們不能外出。”分詞(短語)在句中擔(dān)任伴隨狀語。此外，動詞look與句子的主語Bob在邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且與謂語動詞said同時(shí)發(fā)生，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。 23．________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A．Not pleting B．Not pleted C．Not having pleted D．Having not pleted 答案：C　題意：節(jié)目沒有完成，他們被迫在那兒又待了兩周的時(shí)間。本題考查分詞作原因狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作plete先于謂語動作stay發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式；此外，非謂語動詞的否定形式都是在前面加not，排除選項(xiàng)D。 24．The old man，________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A．to work B．working C．to have worked D．having worked 答案：D　題意：在海外工作了20年后，那位老人即將重返祖國。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中擔(dān)任時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句：After he has worked abroad for twenty years, ...注意：不定式在句中只作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語或原因狀語，不作其它狀語。 25．________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A．To wait B．Have waited C．Having waited D．To have waited 答案：C　題意：排隊(duì)等候了半個小時(shí)后，湯姆突然意識到他把錢包忘在家中了。本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中擔(dān)任時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句：After he (had) waited in the queue for half an hour，... Ⅱ.閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 As you know, different countries have different customs. Also there are many gestures showing many meanings in many countries. Here are a few examples of gestures. A fisherman in Britain will show the size of a fish he has caught by holding his two hands, palms(手掌)facing each other, the right distance apart in front of him. But the one from certain part of Africa will measure of the size along his left arm with his right hand. In Britain the gesture to show the number“one”is made by holding up the index finger(the second finger), but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up. Some people point at objects with fingers, others by sticking out the lips. The gesture for“e here”is made in Britain with the index finger, which is held, pointing upwards, at eye level and bent towards the body; in Egypt the hand is held at arms length, palm downwards, and the fingers are then bent. The difference between the movements is very important, and the meanings of the same gesture may be opposite in different countries. It may bring trouble to those not well known with it. 1．This message is mainly about________. A．different people in different countries B．how to understand the gestures in Britain C．the different gestures D．how to show a gesture in Egypt 答案：C　本文列舉一些不同手勢語的例子來表明手勢語在不同國家所表示的意義也不同。 2．Which of the following gestures shows the number“one”in Switzerland? 答案：B　根據(jù)文中“...but in Switzerland it is the thumb—the first finger which is held up.”可判斷出B項(xiàng)為正確的姿勢。 3．Sometimes the difference between the movements in different countries may bring about________to you. A．a(chǎn) good luck B．a(chǎn) new world C．a(chǎn)n ill effect D．happiness 答案：C　根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第一、二句可知，不同的手勢語在不同的國家所表示的意義不同，如果不了解它們的不同就會帶來麻煩。 4．According to the passage we should________. A．look before we leap B．pick and choose C．strike while iron is hot D．do in Rome as the Romans do 答案：D　本文通過講述手勢語所表達(dá)的意義，可得出D項(xiàng)“do in Rome as the Romans do(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)”為最佳選項(xiàng)，而非“三思而后行”“挑三揀四”“趁熱打鐵”。