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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit5 Section Ⅱ 課時(shí)跟蹤檢測(cè) 新人教版選修8 Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．There were many people dying of starvation (starve) for lack of food. 2．Tony identified (identify) the suspect by the scar on his face. 3．After considering various alternatives (alternative) we decided to hold on to our first plan. 4．Answers will be marked for neatness as well as for accuracy (accurate)． 5．He always talks slowly, assuming_(assume) that every word that he says should be noted down. 6．I picked up the knife and sharpened (sharpen) the edge. 7．Ive warned you already; dont mess (messy) with me. 8．The war interrupted_(interrupt) the trade between the two countries. Ⅱ.多項(xiàng)選擇 1—May I clean the room tomorrow? —No, you have no________.You must do it now, for the guests will e at any moment. A．chance　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)lternative C．way D．help 解析：選B?？疾槊~辨析。由下句“You must do it now, for the guests will e at any moment.”可知，對(duì)方?jīng)]有選擇，不能拖到明天。 2．—How much did the book cost you? —12 yuan________， postage included. A．or so B．a(chǎn)t most C．in all D．a(chǎn)t least 解析：選C。考查介詞短語辨析。句意：“這本書花了你多少錢？”“包括郵資，總共12元。” in all “共計(jì)；總共”；or so “大約”； at most “至多”；at least “最少；至少”。結(jié)合語境，C為正確答案。 3．It is generally________ that attitude means everything. A．a(chǎn)rranged B．a(chǎn)ssumed C．questioned D．declared 解析：選B。arrange“安排”；assume“假定；設(shè)想”；question “提問”；declare“宣布；聲明”。句意：一般認(rèn)為態(tài)度決定一切。It is generally assumed that ...為固定句型，表示“一般認(rèn)為……”，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。 4．To the great disappointment of the poor peasant workers, a great part of their salaries were ________ by the boss for no right reason. A．kept away B．kept off C．kept back D．kept up 解析：選C。句意：令很多貧苦民工極其失望的是，他們的工資中有很大一部分都被老板無端扣了。keep back“扣留”，符合題意。keep away“遠(yuǎn)離”；keep off “遠(yuǎn)離……”； keep up“保持；維持”。 5．All living organisms，________ their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in mon. A．a(chǎn)s a consequence of B．for the sake of C．in terms of D．regardless of 解析：選D。考查介詞短語辨析。as a consequence of “作為……的結(jié)果”；for the sake of “為了……的緣故”；in terms of “從……的角度”；regardless of“不管；不顧”。句意：所有的有機(jī)物，不管他們有什么獨(dú)特的特征，都有某種生物上、化學(xué)上和物理上的共性。 6．After being ________for days, the water supply returns to normal today. A．cut off B．cut down C．cut out D．cut up 解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：在停水幾天后，今天恢復(fù)正常。cut off“切斷(電、水供應(yīng)等)” ；cut down “削減；砍倒”；cut out“刪去”；cut up “分割；切碎”。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。 7．Owing to the drought, many people would ________to death without the help from all over the country. A．die B．starve C．force D．escape 解析：選B。考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：由于大旱，如果沒有來自全國的幫助，很多人將會(huì)餓死。starve to death“餓死”。 8．In their efforts to ________ the disease, towns and villages along the river often forbade the landing of passengers. A．take up B．break up C．keep out D．put out 解析：選C。句意：為了不讓這種疾病入侵，河邊的小鎮(zhèn)和村落經(jīng)常禁止旅客上岸。keep out“防止進(jìn)入，把……關(guān)在外面”，符合題意。take up“占用；繼續(xù)；開始做”；break up“粉碎；結(jié)束；解散”；put out“撲滅；扔掉；生產(chǎn)”。 9．—Im sorry to ________you，but theres someone asking to see you. —All right. A．a(chǎn)nswer B．call C．tell D．interrupt 解析：選D。句意：“很抱歉打斷你，但現(xiàn)在有人要見你?！薄昂玫?。”interrupt“打斷……講話；打岔；暫時(shí)中斷或中止”，符合題意。answer“回答”；call“打電話；呼叫”；tell“告訴”。 10．Though masks are mainly used for decoration in modern times, some ________ tribes in Africa still wear them for religious purposes. A．primitive B．harmonious C．a(chǎn)dvanced D．primary 解析：選A。句意是指“盡管面罩在現(xiàn)代主要用來裝飾，但非洲一些原始部落依然為宗教目的而戴著它”。primitive“原始的”，符合題意。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 nglish is a language particularly rich in idioms(習(xí)語), which usually dont obey logical and grammatical rules. Without idioms English would lose much of its variety and humor both in speech and writing. In the old days the written language (novels, poems, plays and the Bible) was the source on which idioms were based. This was the case up until WWII. After the war new mediums had appeared in Englishspeaking society, there was a channel for the American way of life and the popular culture of the U. S. TV, movies and nowadays the interactive medium have changed the English language more to the American English direction. How then does American English differ from British English in the use of idioms? There are no radical differences in actual use. The main differences are in the situations where idiomatic expressions are used. There have been many studies recently on this subject. American English adopts and creates new idioms at a much faster rate pared to British English. Also the idioms of AmE origin seem to spread faster and further. After it has first been established(建立)in the U. S. ，an American idiom may soon be found in other variants(變體)and dialects of English. Nowadays new British idioms seem to stay on the British Isles and are rarely encountered in the U. S．. British idioms are in fact more familiar to other Europeans or to the people of the British monwealth than to Americans, even though the language is same. The future of idiomatic expressions in the English language seems certain. They are more and more based on American English. This development will continue through new mediums like the Internet and interactive mediums. It is hard to say what this will do to idioms and what kind of new idioms are created.This will be an interesting development to follow, and by no means does it lessen the humor, variety and color of English language. 語篇解讀：文章主要說明了英語習(xí)語的源頭和它進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展過程，還進(jìn)一步說明了美國英語和英式英語習(xí)語的不同，并且對(duì)習(xí)語未來的發(fā)展做出了進(jìn)一步的預(yù)測(cè)。 1. Which one is the best title of the passage? A．American English and British English[ B．American English Developed from British English C．American Idioms will replace British Idioms D．The Development of English Idioms 解析：選D。主旨大意題。全篇文章主要說明了英語習(xí)語的源頭和他進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展及其未來的發(fā)展，因此D項(xiàng)正確。 2. According to the passage, we can infer that ________. A．idioms usually arent created based on logical and grammatical rules B．idioms mainly e form the written language nowadays C．American English creates more new idioms than American D．British idioms are more important than American idioms 解析：選A。推理判斷題。關(guān)鍵句為第一段第一句話，習(xí)語是不遵循邏輯和語法規(guī)則的，由此可推斷出A項(xiàng)正確。 3. Where did idioms e from in ancient times? A．The written language.[ B．New mediums. C．The spoken language. D．Speakers creation. 解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話，得知書面語是習(xí)語的起源依據(jù)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。 4. When a new idiom is created in America，it will soon________. A．be used all over the world B．be laughed at by British people C．be found used in England also D．be used only in the United States 解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是此段中第七句話的內(nèi)容，得知美國習(xí)語的傳播速度非常的快和廣，很快就能傳到英國，因此C項(xiàng)正確。 B A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has e up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants － the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. [ Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team pared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific munity that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said，“ We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should bee a bigger priority (優(yōu)先) for conservation purposes.” 5．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. 　 A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant 解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons... 可知答案為D。 6．The underlined word “ divergence” in Paragraph 4 means “ ______”. A．evolution B．exhibition C．separation D．examination 解析：選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。前面一句講到了這兩種大象分離成不同的物種已有數(shù)百萬年了，由此可判斷divergence 在此是“ 分離”之意。 7．The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants ______. A．DNA B．height C．weight D．population 解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知研究人員的結(jié)論是在檢測(cè)非洲大象DNA 的基礎(chǔ)上得出來的。 8．What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about? A．The conservation of African elephants. B．The purpose of studying African elephants. C．The way to divide African elephants into two units. D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants. 解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知Alfred Roca 的話主要講的是對(duì)不同的非洲大象要分別采取不同的保護(hù)措施。