2019-2020年高中英語 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY單詞.典句.考點 北師大版選修6.doc
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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit21 HUMAN BIOLOGY單詞.典句.考點 北師大版選修6 1. circulate vi. 循環(huán) 經(jīng)典例句 The blood circulates round the body so that we can get oxygen. 血液在體內(nèi)循環(huán), 因此,我們能夠得到氧氣。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: circulation n. 循環(huán), 流通;circulative adj. 循環(huán)的, 促進循環(huán)的 2)近義詞: recycle v. 使再循環(huán) 3)circulate vi. 循環(huán),環(huán)流。如: The ocean water circulates in the same way every year. 海水每以相同的方向流動。 4)circulate vi. 散布;流傳;擴散。如: Rumors circulated rapidly. 謠言迅速散布開來。 5)circulate vi. 隨意地到處走動。如: The prince circulated from group to group at the party. 王子在宴會中穿梭于人群之間。 6)常用短語: circulate about 在……附近流傳 circulate among 在……中流傳 circulate around 環(huán)繞……旋轉(zhuǎn) circulate . . . through 使……在……中循環(huán) 2. digest vt. 消化 經(jīng)典例句 You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. 飯后你應該留點時間讓食物消化。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞: digestible adj. 易消化的,易理解的;digestion n. 消化。 2)digest,常接表示“食物”的名詞作賓語。如: Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化像草一樣的植物。 3)digest vt. 領會,領悟。如: I have digested most of the important points in the book. 我領悟了書中大部分要點。 4)digest作“摘要,文摘”講時,是可數(shù)名詞。如: The old man is reading a monthly news digest. 這位老人正在讀每月新聞摘要。 活學活用1. 單句改錯。 Reading without reflecting is like eating without digest. ______________________________________________ 答案:digest改為digesting 3. enhance vt. 增加,提高 巧記提示 en-(加強語氣,變成)+hance(拱起) 經(jīng)典例句 Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post. 通過了英語考試將會增加你獲得這個職位的機會。 Beautiful coloured illustrations enhanced the book. 漂亮的彩色插圖使這本書更具吸引力。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:enhancement n. 增進, 增加;enhancer n. 增加者, 加強者;enhancive adj. 增加的, 加強的。 2)enhance vt. 增加(能力),提高(成績)。如: Some drugs can enhance sportsmen’s performance. 一些藥品能夠增強運動員的能力。 3)enhance vt. 增加(價值, 品質(zhì), 吸引力等) Health enhances beauty. 健康使人顯得更美。 活學活用2. 漢譯英。 這是提高公司聲譽的機會。 ____________________________ 答案:This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the pany. 4. tolerate vt. 容忍 巧記提示 toler(忍耐)+-ate(動詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 The drummer could not tolerate what his boss said and left without a word. 那鼓手再也忍受不了他老板的話,沒有留下一句話,就離開了。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:toleration n. 忍受 2)tolerate vt. 忍受, 容忍,常用于否定句。如: I don’t know how you tolerate that noise! 我不知道你怎么能忍受那樣的噪音。 Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature. 很少有植物經(jīng)受住氣溫的突然變化。 3) tolerate后接動名詞,但不接不定式。如: She refused to tolerate being called a liar. 她拒不接受被稱為撒謊者。 活學活用3. 用括號中詞的適當形式填空。 1)Our teacher won’t______________( tolerate)any cheating on exams. 2)This sort of behavior will not be ( tolerate)____________. 答案:1)tolerate 2)tolerated 5. annual adj. 每的, 一一次的, 度的 經(jīng)典例句 The old couple’s annual outgoing is to go to the seaside. 這對老婦每一次的旅游是到海邊去。 The annual rings of the trees can tell us how old the tree is. 輪能夠告訴我們這棵樹長了多少了。 考點聚焦 1) annual adj. 每的, 一一次的, 度的。如: Their annual happy day is their wedding anniversary. 他們每中最幸福的日子是結婚紀念日。 2)annually adv. 一一次, 每,作頻率狀語。如: ——How soon do you go to see your son? ——Annually. ——你們多長時間去看一次兒子? ——一一次。 活學活用4. 完成句子。 His______________(每)ine is $2 000 while the expense for his car takes up half of it. 答案:annual 6. oppose vt. 反對 經(jīng)典例句 He bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad. 他強烈反對移居國外。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:opposite adj. 相對的, 對面的;opposability n. 可反對, 對抗性;opposable adj. 可反對的;opposed adj. 反對的, 敵對的; opposeless adj. 難抵抗的, 無可反駁的 2)固定原理:sb. be opposed to sth. / doing sth. 某人反對某事。如: I am opposed to going shopping with others. 我反對與他人一起外出購物。 He is strongly opposed to the plan. 他強烈反對這一計劃。 3)常見短語: oppose A against /to B 把A與B相對照或相比 oppose oneself to 反對 as opposed to 與……相對;與……成對比 4)辨析:oppose,object和resist oppose,object和 resist三者都含“反對”的意思。 oppose為常用詞, 指“對某人、某事采取積極行動來反對”, 著重指動作, 尤指“反對一種觀念、思想、計劃等”。如: The father opposed to his son’s marriage. 父親反對兒子的婚事。 object常指“用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對”, 著重指“個人嫌厭”和“提出反對意見”。如: I objected to his plan. 我反對他的計劃。 resist指“積極地反抗、對抗”“用武力阻止……的前進”,如: The villagers were resisting the enemy. 村民們正在抵抗敵人。 活學活用5. 翻譯。 我將反對改變這個法規(guī)。 ____________________________ 答案:I would oppose changing the law. 7. contradict vt. 與(其他事物)相矛盾 經(jīng)典例句 Your actions contradict your declared moral principles. 你的行為違背了你宣稱的道德準則。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:contradiction n. 反駁, 矛盾;contradictious adj. 吹毛求疵的。 2)同義詞:oppose vt. 反對。 3)contradict vt. 同……矛盾;同……抵觸。 Your actions contradict what you said. 你的行為與你說的相矛盾。 4)contradict vt. 反駁;否認;頂嘴。如: It’s difficult to contradict someone politely. 彬彬有禮地駁斥別人是難以做到的。 活學活用6. The facts______________ his theory so we had to do the experiment again. A. contradicted B. to be abused C. enhanced D. to be tolerate 答案:A 8. violate vt. 違犯, 違反 經(jīng)典例句 The driver was punished for violating the traffic laws. 那位司機因為違犯交通規(guī)則而受懲罰。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:violation n. 違反, 違背; violative adj. 違反的, 違背的; violator n. 違犯者。 2)同義詞:break v. 打破, 違犯。 3)violate vt. 違犯, 違反(諾言、條約、法律、良心等)。如: He often violates his promise so that we won’t believe in him. 他經(jīng)常失約,我們將不再相信他。 4)violate vt. 騷擾(睡眠、安寧等)。如: The sound of guns violated the usual calm of Sunday morning. 炮聲破壞了平常星期日早晨的寧靜。 活學活用7. 漢譯英。 凡是犯法的人必將受到法律的制裁。 ____________________________ 答案:Whoever violates the law will be punished. 9. plicated adj. 復雜的 巧記提示 plicate(復雜的)+-d (形容詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 puter is a plicated machine. 電腦是復雜的機器。 This problem is very plicated but I’ll try to explain it. 這個問題很復雜,但是我將盡量解釋它。 考點聚焦 1) 派生詞:plicate v. 使復雜化;plication n. 使更復雜化的事物。 2)反義詞:simple adj. 簡單的。 3) plicated adj. 復雜的;難解的。如: That puzzle is too plicated for the children. 這個謎語對兒童來說太難了。 活學活用 8. It is difficult for me to answer such ______________ questions. A. fundamental B. pleted C. plicated D. pulsory 答案:C 10. interpret vt. 翻譯,解釋 經(jīng)典例句 She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her. 她講不了幾句英語,所以她的孩子們得給她翻譯。 Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events leading to his death. 她的證據(jù)對導致他死亡的事又提出了不同的解釋。 考點聚焦 1)同義詞:translate vt. 翻譯 2)近義詞:explain vt. 解釋 3)派生詞: interpretress n. 女翻譯員, interpreter n. 解釋者, interpretation n. 解釋, 口譯 4)固定搭配:interpret sth. for sb. 為某人翻譯。如: I couldn’t speak German so I asked Maria to interpret for me in the shop. 我不會說德語,所以在商店里我請瑪麗亞給我翻譯。 I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal. 我不知道把她的沉默看作是接受還是拒絕。 5) interpret vt. 理解為,常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語,interpret. . . as. . . 把……當作……。如: We interpreted his silence as disagreement. 我們把這沉默看作是不同意。 活學活用9. 單項填空。 Would you like me to______________ for you? A. interpreted B. interprets C. interpret D. interpreting 答案:C 11. identify vt. 認出;識別 經(jīng)典例句 I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother’s. 我立即認出了那件外套, 它是我兄弟的。 The markings are not clear so that it is difficult to identify. 標記模糊不清,難以識別。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:identifiable adj. 可以確認的;identifiableness n. 可認明, 可證實為相同。 2)同義詞:recognize vt. 認可, 承認。 3)近義詞:distinguish vt. 區(qū)別。 4)identify vt. 認出;識別,常接表示“人或物”的名詞作賓語。如: The porters may be identified by their red caps. 從他們戴的紅帽子就可辨認出他們是行李搬運工。 His job is to identify handwriting. 他的工作是鑒定筆跡。 5)identify oneself with支持;參與;與……密切結合;和……打成一片。 活學活用10. 漢譯英。 她認出了襲擊她的人。 ____________________________ 答案:She was able to identify her attacker. 12. privileged adj. 榮幸的 經(jīng)典例句 We are privileged to wele you as our speaker this evening. 我們榮幸地歡迎您今晚來講演。 考點聚焦 1)privileged adj. 榮幸的,有特權的。如: We are privileged tonight to have Chairman of the mittee of Foreign Affairs as our distinguished guest. 今晚我們非常榮幸, 請到外交事務委員會主席作為我們的貴賓。 2) privilege n. (個人的)恩典, 殊榮 It is a great privilege to know you. 認識你真是莫大的榮幸。 Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society. 在一個現(xiàn)代社會中, 受教育不應該被看成是一種特權。 活學活用 11. I was ______________ to be asked to speak at the meeting. A. privileging B. to privilege C. privilege D. privileged 答案:D 13. postpone vt. 推遲,延期 經(jīng)典例句 We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. 我們把比賽從3月5日推遲到3月19日舉行。 They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天氣變化,他們決定延期起程。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:postponer n. 延遲者 2)同義詞:delay v. 耽擱,延遲 3)postpone vt. 推遲,延期,常接動名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如: We had to postpone the sports meeting because of the sandstorm. 因為沙塵暴,我們不得不把比賽推遲了。 4)postpone vt. 把……放在次要地位。例如: It is a good moral to postpone private gain to the public welfare. 把個人利益置于公眾福利之后是種美德。 5) postpone, delay, put off后面接動名詞,不能跟不定式。 6)常用短語: be postponed for an hour 延遲一小時 be postponed because of rain 因雨延期 活學活用12. 用詞的適當形式填空。 1)They postponed ______________(send)an answer to a request. 2)The concert has______________(be)postponed to Saturday. 答案:1)sending 2)been 14. prohibit vt. 禁止 經(jīng)典例句 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the process of handling explosive materials. 在處理易爆物時, 嚴格禁止吸煙。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:prohibition n. 禁止, 阻止;prohibiter n. 禁止者, 阻止者 2)同義詞: forbid vt. 禁止, 不許 3)prohibit vt. 禁止。如: Smoking is prohibited in the office building. 辦公樓內(nèi)禁止抽煙。 4)prohibit vt. 妨礙, 阻止, 后接from doing。如: The high cost of the machine prohibits it from being widespread. 這機器價格昂貴, 很難普及使用。 活學活用13. 用prohibit的正確形式填空。 1)Smoking is ______________in most theaters. 2)Modesty______________ me from saying what happened. 答案:1)prohibited 2)prohibits 15. foresee vt. 預見 巧記提示 fore(預先)+ see(看見) 經(jīng)典例句 It is hard to foresee what my students will get in the final-term English exam. 很難預知我的學生將會在期末英語考試中取得什么樣的成績。 The government foresaw that there would be a rapid reduce in unemployment. 政府預知失業(yè)人數(shù)將大大下降。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:foreseeable adj. 可預知的 foreseeingly adv. 深謀遠慮地 2)同義詞:foretell v. 預言,預測 predict v. 預知,預報。 3)foresee vt. 預見, 預料,常接動名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如: Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm. 在走向成功的路途中能夠預見到困難的人常常能保持冷靜的態(tài)度。 4)foreseeable adj. 可預知的, 能預測的。如: The statue will remain in the museum for the foreseeable future. 短期內(nèi)這座雕像將留在博物館。 活學活用14. 單句改錯。 He foresee that prices would drop last year. 去他預見到物價會下跌。 答案:foresee→foresaw 16. temporary adj. 臨時的;短暫的 經(jīng)典例句 More than half of the staff are temporary. 半數(shù)以上的職員是臨時雇員。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:temporarily adv. 臨時;temporariness n. 暫時 2)反義詞:permanent adj. 永久的, 持久的 3)temporary adj. 臨時的, 短暫的。如: You will be sent to Shanghai, which is a temporary arrangement. 你將被派去上海,這是臨時安排。 4)temporary n. 臨時雇員;臨時事物,臨時房屋。如: She works in the office as a temporary. 她在辦公室做臨時雇員。 The wartime temporaries will be replaced by permanent homes. 那些戰(zhàn)時臨時住房將被永久性住宅代替。 活學活用15. 單項選擇。 ______________ is popular in the big cities. A. Do a temporary job B. Doing a temporary job C. To do a temporary job D. Done a temporary job 答案:B 17. equip[I′kwIp] vt. 使有準備 經(jīng)典例句 Proper education will equip one for a job. 接受一定的教育將使你具備就業(yè)的能力。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:equipment n. 裝備, 設備 2)同義詞:prepare v. 準備, 預備, 有能力而且愿意 3)equip vt. 使有準備,使有能力。如: Your training will equip you for your future job. 你的訓練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。 4)equip vi 裝備, 配備,常與介詞for/with連用。如: We equip our children with a good education. 我們使孩子們受到良好的教育。 She equipped herself in all her finery. 她穿上最好的衣服。 活學活用16. 單項填空。 His work experience ______________him to deal with all kinds of people. A. was equipped B. equipped C. equipping D. equip 答案:B 18. reverse vt. 顛倒;改變 巧記提示 re-(再)+verse(反過來,翻轉(zhuǎn)) 經(jīng)典例句 She reversed the paper and found a beautiful picture. 她把紙翻過來, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張漂亮的圖畫。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:reversed adj. 被顛倒的;reversedly adv. 顛倒地, 反轉(zhuǎn)地 2)同義詞:return vt. 歸還 3)reverse vt. 推翻;撤銷。 They reversed the judgment and set the prisoner free after all. 他撤銷了原判,終究釋放了囚犯。 4)reverse n. 背面;反面。如: We must see the reverse as well as the obverse side of things. 我們既要看到事物的正面, 也要看到事物的反面。 活學活用 17. When he ______________his bags he found his wallet missing. A. stopped B. took away C. reversed D. return 答案:C 19. submit vt. 提交 巧記提示 sub(在……下) + mit(派,送) 經(jīng)典例句 I submitted my papers to the examiner. 我把試卷交給主考老師。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:submission n. 降服, 服從; submissive adj. 順從的。 2)同義詞:hand in 上交 3)submit vt. 提交論文、作業(yè)、議案、計劃等, 常與介詞to連用。如: I hope you can submit you term papers before the deadline. 我希望你們能在最后限期之前交上你們的學期論文。 4)固定搭配。 submit to接受,聽從。如: I submit to your superior judgement. 我接受你的明智的判斷。 20. jealous adj. 嫉妒的 巧記提示 jeal (熱心,熱情)+-ous(形容詞后綴) 經(jīng)典例句 Sarah is Jane’s friend but she is jealous if Jane plays with other girls. 薩拉是簡的朋友,但是如果簡和別的女孩子一起玩時,她就很嫉妒。 考點聚焦 1)派生詞:jealously adv. 妒忌地, 猜疑地;jealousness n. 嫉妒, 猜忌 2)同義詞:envious adj. 嫉妒的 3)jealous adj. 嫉妒的;妒忌的,常與of連用。如: She is jealous of our success. 她嫉妒我們的成就。 4)jealous adj. 珍惜的,常與of連用。 An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights. 一名光榮的中國公民應當珍惜自己的公民權利。- 配套講稿:
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