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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復習 語法專題1學案 外研版選修6 一、語法一致原則 主語單復數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式，即主語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，主語是復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學生在辦公室等你。 二、意義一致原則 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 (2)“no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 (3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋復數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book.每個學生都有一本書。 (4)由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等所構成的不定代詞作主語。 Is everybody here today？今天每個人都在這兒嗎？ (5)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習慣。 Whatever was left was taken away.無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。 謂語動詞用復數(shù)的情況 (1)由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黃油都賣完了。 (2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。 (3)一些常用做復數(shù)或只有復數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs，arms等作主語。 The goods are made in China.這些貨物都是中國制造的。 (4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名詞作主語。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。 謂語動詞單、復數(shù)視情況而定 (1)集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語，強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中國人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。 (2)單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每種方法都試過，但沒有一個有效。 There are various means of municating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。 (3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made of straw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out.一些種類的動物要滅絕了。 (4)all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor.包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。 (5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語，謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are ing to the meeting. 有很多學生要來開會。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準備這次會議需要做大量的工作。 三、就近一致原則 1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？ 注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 損失的責任應由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔。 2．由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的書桌上有三本書和一支鋼筆嗎？ 1．(xx年福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water________. A．have polluted　　 B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been polluted 【解析】　句意為：——這湖水怎么這么難聞？——因為大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。本題考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動關系，故排除A項；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語動詞應與quantities保持一致，故排除C項。 【答案】　D 2．(xx年陜西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer. A．is going to B．a(chǎn)re going to C．was going to D．were going to 【解析】　當主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項；根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應用一般將來時態(tài)。 【答案】　A 3．(xx年四川卷)The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America. A．a(chǎn)re；were B．is；were C．a(chǎn)re；was D．is；was 【解析】　 句意為：老師和同學們在討論美國剛出版的《閱讀技巧》一書。不難看出主句的主語是the teacher，together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills 是一個書名也應該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】　D 4．(xx年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．have D．be 【解析】　句意為：要么是你或者你的一名學生應該出席明天的會議。該題考查的是主謂一致，按照就近一致原則，one of your students的中心詞為one，謂語動詞該用單數(shù)，在本句中is to do表示應該(should)。 【答案】　B 5．(xx年江西卷)At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．will be D．was 【解析】　句意為：目前，人們贊成建一座新機場的理由之一是它將給這個地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機會。本題考查動詞時態(tài)，At present＝Now是解題的關鍵。 【答案】　A 6．(xx年陜西卷)—Did you go to the show last night? —Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited. A．were B．have been C．has been D．was 【解析】　主語是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時間，所以應選擇was。 【答案】　D 7．(xx年浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where________yet. A．hasn’t been decided B．haven’t decided C．isn’t being decided D．a(chǎn)ren’t decided 【解析】　本題考查主謂一致。when and where引導的從句或跟不定式連用時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，再根據(jù)本題意思應用被動語態(tài)。 【答案】　A 8．(xx年湖南卷)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has been D．have been 【解析】　此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語是time，后面of days and weeks是它的定語，所以謂語用單數(shù)。 【答案】　A 9．(xx年江西卷)A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health. A．show；are B．shows；is C．show；is D．shows；are 【解析】　本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是a survey，故用單數(shù)shows；第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語，故用is。 【答案】　B 10．(xx年陜西卷)As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_____. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair 【解析】　此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。twothirds of the buildings作主語，謂語動詞應與the buildings保持一致，故應用復數(shù)謂語動詞。need 此處意為“需要”，用法應是need to be done/need doing。 【答案】　A 1．(xx屆東北三校聯(lián)考)—Hi，what did our monitor say just now? —Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning. A．is B．were C．a(chǎn)re D．was 【解析】　考查主謂一致。every...and every...結構作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可以排除B、C兩項；根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時態(tài)可知，A項正確。 【答案】　A 2．(xx屆錦州模擬)John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center. A．have；is being taken B．have；has taken C．has；is taken D．has；have been taken 【解析】　考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)，句意為：約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個中心受到很好的照顧。who引導的定語從句修飾other children所以謂語動詞應是復數(shù)；名詞1＋as well as/besides/with/together with ect.＋名詞2時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)就遠原則由名詞1決定，所以第二空謂語動詞為單數(shù)，約翰正在受到照顧，因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動形式。 【答案】　A 3．(xx屆東城檢測)The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade. A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語是the number，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)；in the past decade表示時間從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，即“十年來”，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】　D 4．(xx屆江西五校聯(lián)考)Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline. A．a(chǎn)re；meet B．is；meet C．a(chǎn)re；satisfy D．is；satisfy 【解析】　考查主謂一致和詞語搭配。當主語后跟有together with，as well as等引導的詞組時，謂語動詞應和主語保持一致，此處主語是Professor Wang，故謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式；meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。 【答案】　B 5．(xx屆泰安模擬)Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________since the organization was built. A．has offered B．had been offered C．have been offered D．is offered 【解析】　由as well as連接的復合主語并不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)，“l(fā)arge quantites of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。分析題目可知動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在還有影響，故應用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】　C 6．(xx年鄭州一模)Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her. A．a(chǎn)re；do B．is；does C．a(chǎn)re；does D．is；do 【解析】　考查主謂一致。主句主語是動名詞短語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式is；從句的主語是復數(shù)名詞clothes，因此用do。 【答案】　D 7．(xx年江蘇南通質(zhì)檢)On the contrary，I think it is Truman，________you，________ to blame. A．more than；are B．less than；who are C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is 【解析】　句意是：相反，我認為是Truman而不是你該受到責備。題干包含一個強調(diào)句式，強調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語，所以謂語動詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關系，所以要用rather than。 【答案】　C 8．(xx年合肥市高三第一次教學質(zhì)量檢測)Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time. A．is；is B．a(chǎn)re；are C．is；are D．a(chǎn)re；is 【解析】　考查主謂一致。who，which，that作定語從句的主語時，其謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞，所以第一空用復數(shù)are；主語后有as well as等時，謂語應同其前面的主語保持一致，所以第二空用單數(shù)。 【答案】　D 9．(xx年湖南高三十二校聯(lián)考)An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week. A．a(chǎn)re to be held B．a(chǎn)re holding C．is holding D．is to be held 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。hold的賓語是an exhibition，而不是paintings，所以應該是被動語態(tài)。本句的主語是an exhibition，of paintings是介詞短語作后置定語，所以謂語動詞是單數(shù)，再結合時間狀語next week可知是表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。be to do sth.通常表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事，此處是被動形式。 【答案】　D 10．(xx年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學情況調(diào)查一)______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world. A．Fourfifth；believes B．Fourfifth；believe C．Fourfifths；believe D．Fourfifths；believes 【解析】　本題考查分數(shù)表達和主謂一致。4/5→fourfifths。題干主語是(網(wǎng)絡上)4/5的人，是復數(shù)，故謂語動詞用動詞原形。 【答案】　C 11．(xx年湖北部分重點中學高三第一次聯(lián)考)Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels. A．has turned B．have turned C．being turned D．a(chǎn)re going to turn 【解析】　考查主謂一致。“many a＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示“許多”。 【答案】　A 12．(xx年北京海淀區(qū)高三第一學期期中考試)—Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book. —So have I. A．is reading B．has read C．read D．reads 【解析】　答語So have I是完成時態(tài)，由此很容易選出對應的時態(tài)，那就是B項(has read)，表示“學生們看過了，我也看過了”。 【答案】　B 13．(xx年江蘇南通九校聯(lián)考)—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day? —A gift together with many flowers________sent to me. A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were 【解析】　考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。若句子的主語是由together with，along with，with，as well as＋名詞或代詞來修飾時，謂語動詞與together with，along with，with，as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持數(shù)的一致。根據(jù)問句，此處用一般過去時。 【答案】　C 14．(xx年西安地區(qū)八校聯(lián)考)This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless. A．is；is B．is；are C．a(chǎn)re；is D．a(chǎn)re；are 【解析】　第一空前主語是“這種書”，而第二空前主語是books。 【答案】　B 15．(xx屆臨汾檢測)________your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set? A．Be B．Are C．Is D．Were 【解析】　本題的主語由or連接，與謂語動詞相近的主語your brother是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此謂語動詞應用is。 【答案】　C