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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit6 Food for thought-more reading教案 牛津上海版S1A 一、 章節(jié)分析（Reading section） （一）閱讀地位（Reading Position） 1 本文是對生活飲食中的辨題為討論的切入口，提出做事不能走極端。并表達觀點，最后做總結(jié)。這是一篇典型的討論均衡飲食的議論文。全文分三段，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，脈絡(luò)分明，是學生學習寫議論文的很好的范例。 2 分析文章中段與段的聯(lián)系和段內(nèi)的語言表達。如opening paragraph 的引入中，用了many people believe…others say that …的對比，we also hear …另一觀點的引入。在supporting paragraph 中，用了Obviously, you might think that… 來表達本文的觀點，并用了科學家的兩個提醒和一個例子來論證觀點。如Scientists have again and again warned us that…/ Scientists have also told us that…/ They say, for example…在conclusion paragraph 中，用了Therefore, 來總結(jié)強調(diào)文章觀點并加以延伸。在講課中教師要注意總結(jié)議論文三段論的寫法?？梢哉乙恍┱擃}做操練。 3 結(jié)合本課的語法重點學會在表達觀點時正確使用賓語從句，尤其是動詞的用法。如 believe, say, think, warn, tell 等等。建議以舊帶新，溫故知新。 4 其它表示觀點的句式和句型。 Who is right and what is your opinion? Are you easily influenced by one piece of advice today and then by another one tomorrow? It seems that perhaps the most intelligent thing for us to do is not to eat first but to read first. 5 本文建議用課本中的listening做warming-up, 完成A1前可以聽一遍課文錄音并填詞，再通過閱讀完成A2的練習。 （二）閱讀目標（Reading Target） 知識 通過文章的閱讀學會對觀點的表達，并注意段落中的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次，段落間的過渡等等。尤其對一些表達觀點的詞和句的正確表述。 能力 通過對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，培養(yǎng)學生對觀點的簡單陳述，注意開頭段，主體段和結(jié)尾段的布局，以及主體段的分析角度。使學生能基本掌握議論文的寫作方法。 情感 本文就飲食的均衡問題展開議論。在飲食問題的討論中強調(diào)均衡的重要性，要求學生學習的同時要注意健康，學會珍惜生命。在觀點的闡述中說明做事不能走極端，要學會掌握有關(guān)的科學信息來指導行為，從而學會尊重科學，尊重事實的正確的人生態(tài)度。 1 運用 believe, say, think, tell，say 等動詞來闡述觀點。 2 運用一些對比句和過渡次來表述文章的觀點和層次。Many people believe, others say that…. We hear…在主體段中，用了Obviously… Scientists have again and again warned us that…/ Scientists have also told us that … They say…在結(jié)束段中，用了Therefore來做總結(jié)。 3 操練有關(guān)飲食的詞匯。如sugar, vegetarians, a balanced diet, favorite food, cheeseburgers， proteins等等。讓學生在日常生活對話中能熟練使用。 （三）閱讀重點和難點（Important and Difficult Points） 1 關(guān)鍵詞匯 1） 單詞：source, energy, similar, conflicting, intelligent, misleading 2） 詞組: be bad for, be influenced by, go to extremes, a variety, a lack of, for example, not to do…but to do…, decide on, tell… from…bake, fry, steam, boil；baked, fried, steamed, boiled。 3） 有關(guān)飲食的詞匯：sugar, vegetarians, met-eaters, a balanced diet, one’s favorite food, cheeseburgers, milk shakes, proteins, vitamins. 3） 其他：warn, properly, risk, heart attack. 2 重要句型 1） We also hear similar conflicting arguments about meat between vegetarians and meat-eaters. 我們依然會聽到在素食者和食肉者之間類似的爭論。 2）Obviously, you might think that going to extremes is not the right way, for the importance of having a variety of food in one’s diet is quite clear today. 很明顯，由于一個人的飲食中須含有不同種食品的重要性如今已很明顯了，你會認為走極端是不行的。 3）Therefore, it seems that perhaps the most intelligent thing for us to do is not to eat first but to read first. = For that reason, it seems that it is most intelligent for us not to eat but to read first. 因此，對我們而言，最聰明的做法似乎是先讀而不是先吃。 4）And it can also help us tell facts from misleading opinions. 這能幫助我們分辨出事實和錯誤的觀點。 3 語法點： 本課出現(xiàn)了不少表達觀點的賓語從句，尤其注意其動詞的用法以及其它與表達觀點有關(guān)的句式。 二、 教學設(shè)計（Teaching Designs） 教學內(nèi)容 教學實施建議 教學資源參考 1 Pre-reading 建議教師以練習中的listening作為warming-up引入，使學生對食物中的卡路里有所了解，來引入適量的飲食對人體健康的重要性。 提出課題Neither too little, nor too much. 具體處理這部分內(nèi)容的建議以及相關(guān)的背景見[鏈接1]。 可以提供教師教參的相關(guān)頁碼；推薦參考名稱（出版社）；網(wǎng)站名稱等 2 While-reading 這是一篇以討論均衡飲食為背景的典型的議論文，分為開頭段，主體段和結(jié)尾段。下面是如何處理閱讀課 包括 1.通過快速閱讀法，即把握主題句的方法幫助學生初步理解課文內(nèi)容，通常是每段的第一句。 2．對課文進一步閱讀和講解，主要是通過對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，幫助學生梳理文章內(nèi)容及層次。關(guān)鍵是找出supporting ideas 和conjunctions. 3．生詞的解釋和例句中詞的用法。句式的對比和轉(zhuǎn)換。 4. 快速閱讀后可以完成A1練習，進一步講解后可以完成A2練習。 [鏈接2]可以給出具體的建議，如課件或教案 對話操練時應運用課本64頁上的句式。 3 Post-reading 這是對有關(guān)均衡飲食的課文內(nèi)容的拓展部分，教師可以設(shè)計多種教學活動來幫助學生整理知識點，并運用于生活中，使外語課程真正成為是集知識性、工具性、交際性和文化性于一體的基礎(chǔ)課程，把外語作為交際的工具來教和學，提倡學用結(jié)合、學以致用。這部分的內(nèi)容可以是課本后的C Further thinking. 也可以是讓學生表演他的個人飲食習慣 (performance) ?？梢酝ㄟ^對素食者的態(tài)度對“支持和反對素食者”的辨題進行辯論 (survey and debate) 。讓同學可以上網(wǎng)查閱資料來介紹其它有益健康的食物 (surf)。也可讓學生通過觀察研究寫一篇如何保持身體健康，關(guān)注生命，生活的作文(research work and position)。 [鏈接3]中提供了一個處理該部分內(nèi)容的教案或課件。 《活頁資料》68頁；教師設(shè)計超市和市場的價目表各一份，列出盡可能多的食物及其價格。 [鏈接1] 說明： 引入是課堂的關(guān)鍵步驟，它的成敗影響到整課的成敗。它不僅起到引入課題的作用，而且可以開啟學生思維的空間，更快地進入語言的情境中。在本課中教師可以通過練習中的listening作為warming-up引入，使學生對事物中的卡路里有所了解，來引入“適量的飲食對人體健康的重要性”提出課題Neither too little, nor too much. 這是教師充分運用課本內(nèi)容的機會。如果將這部分教材作為練習，比較呆板，枯燥。 1 教師通過展示一些圖片，或指定一些食物大類的名稱（如vegetables、snacks、soft drinks、fruit、meat、fish等）要求學生根據(jù)有關(guān)知識說出卡路里的含量。使學生對此有點概念。 2 教師要求學生聽錄音。并填出有關(guān)事物中所含卡路里的量。 You are going to hear the nutritional values of some foods. Listen carefully and write down the corresponding numbers of calories in these foods. Tape script （Oxford text book I p. 107） One cup or glass of whole milk has 165 calories. One cup or glass of skimmed or powdered milk has 90 calories. One large fried egg has 100 calories. One fried chicken leg or thigh has 245 calories. Four oz. or five fried fish fingers have 200 calories. A three-inch diameter hamburger has 501 calories. A half cup flower buds of cauliflower has 15 calories. One six-inch long banana has 85 calories. One medium-sized raw apple has 70 calories. A three-quarter cup of cooked white rice has 150 calories. A three-quarter cup of noodles has 150 calories. Twenty roasted peanuts have 105 calories. 這是書本中的一項聽力的專題訓練，就數(shù)字填空，學生基本能填出所聽的數(shù)據(jù)，并通過對句的理解，了解生活中食物和水果的卡路里的含量。不過學生對此概念不夠深刻，教師可以舉例給學生一個對照版。并提出食物的攝入應該要均衡。 3 Listen to the tape recording of the reading and ask the students what is a balance diet. (especially the second paragraph) 4 Group discussion How to keep a balanced diet? (especially the last paragraph) [鏈接2] 說明： 篇章教學中可以運用任務(wù)型教學法，泛讀的教學中通過對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和內(nèi)容的理解，迅速把握文章的主旨，了解以討論均衡飲食為背景的典型的議論文的寫作思路。在精讀的教學過程中，通過生詞的解釋和例句中詞的用法，句式的對比和轉(zhuǎn)換，以多種練習方式，讓學生在文中理解句，在句中認識詞。使知識活用化。快速閱讀后可以完成A1練習，進一步講解后可以完成A2練習。下面是閱讀課中的知識點。 … Notes to the Test 課文注釋 1. source n. ① starting-point of a river 水源 e.g. the source of the Nile 尼羅河的發(fā)源地 ② place from which something es 來源，出處 e.g. The news es from a reliable source. 這項消息出自可靠來源． 2. similar conflicting arguments 相似的矛盾的爭論 similar adj. like, of the same sort 類似的；同樣的 常用be similar to ….. in…… 的詞組 e.g. My wife and I have similar tastes in music. 我的妻子和我在音樂方面有相似的愛好． e.g. Is there any gold similar to brass in color ? 金子和黃銅的顏色相似嗎？ similarly adv. 相似地 similarity n. 相似，相似的地方 e.g. Are there any similarities between China and Japan in culture? 中國和日本在文化方面有相似之處嗎？ conflicting adj. being in the state of struggle and fight 矛盾的；沖突的 e.g. Your opinions are conflicting to each other. 你們的觀點相互矛盾． conflict n. fight, struggle, quarrel 戰(zhàn)斗；沖突；爭執(zhí)；斗爭 e.g. the conflict between duty and desire 責任與欲望的沖突 be in conflict with = not agree with 與．．．想沖突 This statement is in conflict with other evidence. 這個陳述與其他證據(jù)相沖突． conflict v. to fight, struggle 　conflict with 與．．．相反；抵觸；沖突 e.g. Their report on the war conflicts with ours. 他們對于戰(zhàn)爭起因的報道與我們相反． going to extremes 走極端 extreme n. either end of anything, the highest degree 末端；盡頭；極端；極度 詞組：go to extremes 走極端 be driven to extremes 被趕向極端 e.g. We shouldn’t go to extremes in our study. 在學習中我們不能走極端． extreme adj. 極端的 e.g. in extreme pain 在極度的痛苦中 　 the extreme left / right 極左／極右 extremely adv. to a very high degree 極度地，極端地 4. in one’s diet 在食譜中 diet n. sort of food usually eaten （個人，社區(qū)等）通常所吃的食物 e.g. The Japanese have a diet of rice, vegetable, and fish. 太油膩的食物對你不好． Doctor suggests I should put some vegetables in my diet. 醫(yī)生建議在我的食譜中應加些蔬菜． 5. balanced adj. equal in all aspects 平衡的 e.g. We should try to keep up a balanced nature. 我們應當保持一個平衡的自然界． Balance n. condition of being equal 平衡狀態(tài)，均勢狀態(tài) 詞組：keep one’s balance 　保持平衡 throw somebody off his balance = upset him 使某人心情煩亂 e.g. A small child has to learn to keep its balance before it can walk far. 小孩在能走之前，必須學會保持平衡． e.g. Don’t try to throw me off my balance with the difficult problem. 不要拿難題來煩我． 6．Including prep. having as a part 包括 e.g. All of the people at school went to the Science and Technology Museum, including our teachers. 所有在校的人都到科技館去了，包括老師在內(nèi)。 7. favorite adj. best liked 最受喜愛的 e.g. What is your favorite color? 你最喜歡什么顏色． favorable adj. giving or showing approval 贊成的；有幫助的 e.g. a favorable report on one’s work 贊許某人工作的報告 8. equally ad.in an equal manner; in equal shares 同樣地 e.g. These two matters are equally important. 這兩件事同樣重要。 9. intelligent n. having, showing power of knowing 有智力的；有才智的 e.g. an intelligent child/ answers 一個聰明的孩子／回答 intelligence n. 智力，才智 e.g. IQ stands for intelligence quotient. IQ代表智力商數(shù)． 10. misleading opinions 使人誤解的觀點 misleading adj. causing misunderstanding 使人誤會的 mislead v. lead wrongly, cause to be or do wrong 錯誤引導 e.g. We were misled by the guide in the journey. 在旅行中我們被導游領(lǐng)錯了路． Expression 1. be bad for 對…有壞處 2. source of energy 能量來源 3. go to extremes 走極端 4. a variety of 多種多樣的 5. a balanced diet 平衡的飲食 6. lack of certain kinds of food 缺乏某種事物 7. heart attack 心臟病突發(fā) 8. need for sth. 對…的需求 9. decide on 對…做出決定 10. tell sth. from sth. 分辨 Difficult sentences 1．We also hear similar conflicting arguments about meat between vegetarians and meat-eater. 我們亦聽到素食者和食肉者之間有關(guān)肉的類似的持不同觀點的爭論。 2．Are you easily influenced by one piece of advice today and then by another one tomorrow? 你是否容易今天被這條建議影響而明天又聽信另一條？ 3．Scientists have also told us that having too much of anything, including one’s favorite food, is equally dangerous. 科學家還告訴我們吃過量的東西，包括一個人最喜愛的食物，同樣是危險的。 逗號內(nèi)為插入語。 課件：chapter 6-4 ppt [鏈接3] 說明： 這是有關(guān)均衡飲食的課文內(nèi)容的拓展部分，教師可以設(shè)計多種教學活動來幫助學生整理知識點，這部分的內(nèi)容可以是課本后的C Further thinking. 也可以是讓學生表演他的個人飲食習慣 (performance) ?；蛲ㄟ^對素食者的態(tài)度調(diào)查后，進行“支持和反對素食者”的辯論 (survey and debate) ?？梢宰屚瑢W上網(wǎng)查閱資料來介紹其它有益健康的食物 (surf)。也可讓學生通過研究性學習寫一篇如何保持身體健康，關(guān)注生命，熱愛生活的作文(research work and position)。本部分內(nèi)容在處理的時候，要注意將教材為我所用，用活，用透。加以靈活改造，在課堂教學中強調(diào)在綜合運用的基礎(chǔ)上，提升學生綜合運用語言功能的能力，并學會知識的遷移。 Task One Further thinking (topic discussion) Task Two Presentation Introduce one of your eating habits and illustrate its merits and demerits. Task Three Survey and debate Debate What do you think of vegetarianism ? Divide the whole class into two different parts. One is in favor of vegetarianism, the other is against the point. The students should collect all the possible evidence in their own group, preparing for the debate. In favor of against Supporting ideas 1 2 3. Conclusion Task Four Surf on the Internet to find many more foods which do good to the people’s health. e.g. 有益健康的食物 Eating chocolates promotes good health - doctors (2001/09/05) Good news for chocoholics. The treat favored by millions not only tastes delicious but is healthy for you, American researchers said on Monday. Chocolate contains pounds called falconoid that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation and reduce blood clotting. The researchers found not only an increase in antioxidant capacity after chocolate consumption, but also modulation of certain pounds which affect blood vessels The researchers measured the impact of chocolate on platelets in the blood. Platelet activation is thought to be an important risk factor in blood clotting. Volunteers who consumed the chocolate had lower levels of platelet activity, while the scientists found no change in the group that ate the bread. The results of the study support earlier research which showed that cocoa acts like low-dose aspirin which helps to reduce blood clotting. These results lead us to believe that chocolate may contribute to a healthy, well-balanced diet. Task Five Write an article on how to keep good health, or finish doing the cloze test 如何保持身體健康 Cloze test How to Keep Good Health Good health is most valuable thing a person can have, but one can’t take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper 1 in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help 2 in good shape: one should eat right food, get 3 sleep and exercise regularly (定期地). Proper nutrition (營養(yǎng)) is important for good health. Your body can’t work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel (燃料)”, Don’t eat 3 food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of food high in protein (蛋白質(zhì))，like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are fruits are very important because they don’t overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight. Getting the proper amount of 4 is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you will feel 5 and easily get irritable .You have no energy .Over a long period of tine a little amount of sleep may even result in a 6 of personality (人的個性). Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and re-fresh, and your mind will be sharp. Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. If you 7 a regular exercise program, you will probably 8 your life-span (壽命). Any kind of exercise is good . Most sports are excellent for keeping the body 9 good shape: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples . Sports are not only good for your 10 , but they are enjoyable and interesting, too. 1. A. care B. food C. sleep D. sport 2. A. live B. stay C. lie D. lay 3. A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too 4. A. sleep B. protein C. sugar D. rest 5. A. happy B. excited C. frightened D. tired 6.A. development B. change C. lack D. demand 7. A. do B. follow C. see D. keep 8. A. decrease B. rise C. increase D. decline 9. A. at B. for C. in D. on 10. A. sleep B. muscles C. body D. life-span Key 1---5 A B A A D 6—10 B B C C C Task Six Extensive Reading A balanced diet Do not eat meat more than once a day. Fish and poultry are remended above red or processed meats because they are less fattening .Avoid frying food, your food absorbs the fast from the cooking oils, increasing your dietary fat intake .It is remended that you bake or broil food. If you do fry, use polyunsaturated oils such as corn oil. Cut down on your salt intake, whether it be table salt, or flavors that contain salt such as monosodium glutamate(MSG). Including adequate fiber in your diet is very important .Fiber is found in green leafy vegetables, fruit ,beans, bran, flakes, nuts, root vegetables ,and whole grain foods. 　Do not eat more than 4eggs per week. Although they a re a good source of protein ,and low in saturated fat , eggs are very high in cholesterol, and should be avoided for that reason. Choose fresh fruit for deserts rather than cookies cake, or pudding. Too much of anything has its drawbacks ,whether it be calories, or a particular type of food .A well balanced diet with creativity and variety are best suited to y our needs. Notes: 　　1. intake　n. quantity. number, etc entering or taken in (during a given period ) 　 2. broil v. cook(meat)on a fire 　 3. polyunsaturated: adj 含有多重不飽和化合物的 　 4. monosodium glutamate; 味精