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2019-2020年高考英語 考點一遍過 專題57 書面表達圖表類（含解析） 高考頻度：★★★★★ 圖表作文要求將圖表形式的信息轉化成段落文字信息。信息以圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來，考生需要弄清所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)、標題及文字說明等各種信息之間的關系，通過分析、研究提煉和確定文章的中心思想，得出令人信服的結論。圖表作文中所說的圖主要有曲線圖、餅狀圖和柱狀圖等；而表則一般是統(tǒng)計表。 圖表類書面表達常以曲線圖形式、流程圖形式、柱形圖形式、餅式圖形式、數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少、信息簡潔、要點分散等特征。圖表類書面表達在近年的高考中時有出現(xiàn)，主要是一些關于情況調(diào)查、生產(chǎn)、銷售、發(fā)展進程等各種項目統(tǒng)計的示意圖。這類統(tǒng)計圖在日常生活中應用得非常廣泛，因此，讀懂它并能用英語清晰地表述出來具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義。圖表作文主要是介紹或說明某方面的情況，文體上屬于說明文?？忌鷳凑照f明文的形式和特點來進行寫作。由于這類試題文字少、信息簡潔，如果只是把圖表中的內(nèi)容一點一點地記敘出來，進行清單式的羅列，就會索然乏味，并且達不到字數(shù)要求。因此，對于這類形式的書面表達，考生首先要根據(jù)圖表前的文字說明，弄清楚圖表的性質、內(nèi)容、規(guī)律，并做到如下幾點： 1.細讀圖表，抓住特征 圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息往往較多，首先要讀懂其中的符號和數(shù)字所代表的意思。然后，從圖表的整體著手，認真分析各項數(shù)據(jù)，抓住其主要特征，弄懂它們所揭示的規(guī)律。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：table，chart，figure，graph，describe，tell，show，represent等。 2.認真審讀，確定主題 認真審讀試題所提供的數(shù)據(jù)信息，結合文字提示，確定短文的主題。短文的主題往往隱含在圖表中，需要考生從圖表數(shù)據(jù)中概括出事情或事件的規(guī)律和特征，然后歸納出主題。有時，試題給出了短文的題目，也就等于為考生點明了主題。 3.巧用數(shù)據(jù)，突出主題 引用數(shù)據(jù)說明基本趨勢，比較數(shù)據(jù)揭示基本特征。由于圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)信息較多，寫作時要巧妙地引用一些數(shù)據(jù)來說明主題，不要作任何發(fā)揮。表達時，既要包含所有要點，但又不能面面俱到。經(jīng)常使用的詞匯有：rise，drop，reduce，increase，decrease，fall，while，but，on the contrary，however，pare...to/with...，in contrast to，as...as，the same as，similar to，different from，difference between，among，more than，less than等。 4.詞句多變，表達靈活 由于圖表數(shù)據(jù)比較單調(diào)，很容易使人選用相同的詞語和句式進行表達，結果文章顯得很乏味。因此，寫作時要盡量避免重復使用同一詞語或句型，選擇一些異曲同工的詞語和句式來表達。 5.適當發(fā)揮，表明觀點 圖表類書面表達有時要求考生在對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析、對比后，簡單地談談自己的看法或提出建議，這屬于讓考生自主發(fā)揮的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分?？忌谠摬糠株愂鲎约旱目捶?，表明自己的觀點，提出解決問題的方法或建議。表述觀點時，可以引用人們普遍的觀點，也可說出自己獨到的見解。借題發(fā)揮時，不可偏離主題，只要把觀點表述清楚即可，不必作更多的解釋或說明。經(jīng)常使用的詞有：in a word，in short, generally speaking，It’s clear from the chart that...，we can draw the conclusion that...，we can learn/know...等。 一、寫作技巧 對于圖表作文，寫作內(nèi)容主要包括三個方面：描述圖表信息＋從中總結出變化規(guī)律＋提出建議或解決 之道(這一部分可以根據(jù)實際要求進行取舍)。 準備過程中，應著重從以下幾個方面入手。 1. 讀出圖表所傳達的信息，并對信息進行分類 將圖表所傳達的信息進行全面的轉換，并根據(jù)不同的項目對信息進行分類，這是進行數(shù)據(jù)整合的基礎， 這一過程中要盡量確保信息全面。 2. 整合信息，總結規(guī)律/分析原因 信息經(jīng)過分類之后，以某一個標準為參照(比如時間、地域等)，總結出同一對象在不同時間/地域/…… 下的變化規(guī)律，或通過對同類信息的對比分析出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。找出規(guī)律/原因是解決問題/提出建議的基礎。 3. 數(shù)據(jù)處理 對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理時，要根據(jù)題干的要求，著重處理差異比較大或變化比較明顯的信息。這樣呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)時才能有所側重，寫的時候才能有詳略之分。 4. 段落構建 一般而言，圖表作文可分為三個段落來寫。第一個段落點明調(diào)查/統(tǒng)計對象并進行圖表信息的轉換，轉 換過程中需要注意的是信息的取舍和詳略程度。第二段主要是根據(jù)信息總結出規(guī)律或找出問題出現(xiàn)的原因。 第三段則主要是建議的提出或解決方法的提出。其中第一段和第二段是重點段落，第三段可根據(jù)題干要求 進行取舍。 二、常用詞匯 1. 點明圖表所反映的主題時常用的詞匯： table 表格，chart 圖表，diagram 圖解/示意圖，figure圖形/數(shù)字，describe 描述，tell 告訴，show 表明， represent 描繪/展示，indicate 顯示 2. 分析數(shù)據(jù)差異及變化趨勢時常用的詞匯： （1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up （2）表示下降或減少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down （3）表示變化特點的：sharply 急劇地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戲劇性地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地。 （4）表示比較的：pared different from, difference between, while, contrary, however, more than, less than。 三、常用句式 1. 點明主題時： I have recently made/conducted/carried out a survey about... among... Last week, we made/conducted/carried out a survey on… A survey has been made/conducted/carried out on… 2. 呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)/分析原因時： （1）呈現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)： The above table/chart/graph shows that… As can be seen from the pie chart... From the table/chart/graph we can see… （2）分析原因： There are several reasons that account for this phenomenon. A number of factors account for (contribute to/lead to/result in) the change (phenomenon/increase)． The main reason for such a change is... 3. 發(fā)表看法/提出建議時： Personally/In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned/From my point of view... It is high time that we... 四、寫作模板 Recently a survey has been done to find out_________(所要表達的主題)。As is shown in the pie chart_________(表中的內(nèi)容一)，________(表中的內(nèi)容二)，________(表中的內(nèi)容三) and ________(表中的內(nèi)容四). In conclusion, the survey shows that_________(總體規(guī)律、趨勢或呈現(xiàn)的問題)。Many factors contribute to the problem. One is that ___________（原因一）. Another is that________（原因二）. In my opinion_________(自己的觀點)。 題組一（高考真題） Writing 1(xx江蘇卷) 請認真閱讀下面有關我國電影票房收入（box-office ine）的柱狀圖及相關文字，并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre. Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see? Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great! Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic. Su Hua: And the high-tech!... Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left. Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor. One Day in xx. At Home. Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight? Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster network Son: But it feels good in a cinema. Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket. Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year. Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring… 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1. 用約30個單詞概述柱狀圖信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2. 我國電影票房收入變化的原因有哪些，簡要談談你的看法（上述對話僅供參考，原因不少于兩點）； 3. 談談你對我國電影票房收入走向的看法，并簡要說明理由。 【寫作要求】 1. 寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2. 作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3. 不必寫標題。 【評分標準】 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。 Writing 2(xx上海卷) Directions: Write an English position in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設你是中華中學學生姚平，最近參加了一項研究性學習調(diào)研，課題為＂父母是否以子女為榮＂。通過調(diào)研你校學生及其父母，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須： 1.描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)； 2.分析可能導致這一結果的原因。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 3(xx江蘇卷) 請閱讀下面文字及圖表,并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容； 2.結合上述信息，簡要分析導致交通問題的主要原因； 3.根據(jù)你的分析，從社會規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個人行為兩方面談談你得到的啟示(不少于兩點)。 【寫作要求】 1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句； 2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱； 3.不必寫標題。 【評分標準】 內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 題組二（xx年名校模擬題） Writing1(xx屆安徽省淮北市第一中學高三最后一卷) 假定你是李華，計劃高三畢業(yè)后的暑假，找份兼職工作。下面的招聘廣告引起了你的注意，請根據(jù)要點(箭頭所指內(nèi)容)寫一封申請信。 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 2(xx屆浙江省金華十校高三高考4月模擬考試) 你校的英國姊妹學校將于本周來校訪問交流，假如你是校學生會主席李華，請你用英語準備一份講話稿，向交流團師生介紹一日活動安排，內(nèi)容如下： 時間 地點 內(nèi)容 上午 報告廳 校史介紹 校園 參觀校園 下午 操場 中英學生足球賽 晚上 學校湖邊 英語晚會 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 3(xx屆江蘇省啟東中學高三月考) 你們學校學生會最近組織了一次＂有煩惱時向誰傾訴？＂的調(diào)查活動。請根據(jù)以下的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，用英語給校報寫一篇新聞稿，反映調(diào)查結果。 傾訴對象 同學和朋友 老師和家長 沒有 百分比 61% 22% 17% 理由 同齡人容易交流和理解 老師家長閱歷豐富，有生活和教育經(jīng)驗 不愿和別人說自己的事或難以與別人相處 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， The Student Union 題組一 Writing 1 【寫作指導】考查任務型讀寫。此類作文對考生的能力要求極高。首先考生要以30詞左右概述短文內(nèi)容。接下來要分析票房收入變化的原因并給出自己的看法，并談談自己對票房走向的看法。作文以第三人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時為主。 要點： 1. 概述：中國電影票房在xx年間呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢，但是xx年的增長相比于前幾年很緩慢。 2. 分析原因：票房增長與人們生活水平的不斷提高息息相關，人們有了多余的錢，才可能消費、娛樂；另一方面，電影的制作技術日臻成熟，許多優(yōu)質的電影不斷上映；再者，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及無疑起到了很大的宣傳作用。 3. 看法和理由：票房增速將會小幅上漲或有所回落。只要給出恰當?shù)睦碛?，對票房看漲或是看落皆可。 寫30詞的概述時，語言要簡練、不拖沓。遣詞造句要符合英語的表達習慣，盡量用上定語從句、狀語從句和非謂語動詞與倒裝句等語法和句型。同時注意語句的連貫性。 【參考范文】 Possible version one： The box-office ine of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in xx to over 40 billion in xx. However, that increase slowed down in xx. The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before xx was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office ine. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the ing years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office ine will probably enjoy a slight increase. (150 words) Possible version two： As is indicated in the graph, the box-office ine of Chinese films increased constantly from xx to xx, but its growth, for one reason or another, slowed down in xx. The increase in the box-office ine can be attributed to a number of factors. The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment. Besides, filming technology has advanced and more quality films are on offer. Moreover, the Internet plays an important part. On the Internet, people can seek information about their favorite stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both time-saving and economical. However, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones, and the ticket price is on the increase. Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers. (150 words) Writing 2 【寫作指導】 本試題屬于圖表類調(diào)查報告。盡管題干給出了一些要點，同時對報告內(nèi)容作了詳細的要求，但是對考生的識圖能力、總結概括能力還是提出了很高的要求，尤其是分析原因這一方面使本試題可以規(guī)劃為半開放式的文章。通過審題我么可以知道文章結構很簡單。第一段重點對調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)進行描述；第二段分析可能導致這一結果的原因。 【參考范文】 Recently, I took part in an inquiry learning research, whose topic is whether parents are proud of their children. After doing the research into the students in my school andtheirparents, I found that thereisa big difference between the two sides. 80%oftheparentsthink that they areproudoftheirchildrenwhile 60%ofthe students think thattheirparentsareproudofthem. As far as I am concerned, the reasons why theparentsandtheirchildrenhave different opinions on the same questionareas follows. Firstly, thereisonly one child in most families. Therefore, theparentspay more attention totheirchildren than themselves. Secondly, thechildrenareaccustomed to the love given bytheirparents. Thirdly, thechildrenare not confident of themselves thinking that they are not excellent to make their parents proud of them. Writing 3 【寫作指導】 寫作前，考生應該先認真分析材料。寫作時，注意第一段用30個單詞概括材料內(nèi)容，第二段寫導致交通問題的原因；第三段從社會規(guī)則和個人行為入手進行現(xiàn)象分析，從中得到啟示。詞數(shù)在150左右，以一般現(xiàn)在時作為中心時態(tài)，內(nèi)容健康向上，情節(jié)完整，書寫工整，卷面保持整潔。為使行文緊湊，過渡自然，可在文中穿插使用一些過渡性詞匯或短語。 推薦用語：not only...but also; threaten; quite a few; give rise to; in spite of; because of; the number of; what’s worse; in fact; related to; keep... in order 【參考范文】 The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and being on the right track. 題組二 Writing 1 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s summer camp. I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job. To begin with, I gain much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter. Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates. More importantly, I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native teachers from England. I will be available for the work on evenings and weekends and can start working from the end of this term. I would really appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua Writing 2 Dear friends, Wele to our school! I am Li Hua, chairman of the students’ union. I am greatly honored to receive you here. Here is a schedule for your visit. In the morning you will be shown around our school and listen to an introduction of the school history in the lecture hall. After lunch, there’ll be a football match between British and Chinese students on the playground. Students from both of our schools are wele to join in. In the evening, we’ll have a party by the school lake. Wish you to have lots of fun here! Thank you! Writing 3 Dear Editor， Recently the Student Union carried out a survey，the title of which is ＂To whom do you go to when in trouble？＂ The results are as follows. 61% of the students surveyed go to friends and classmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble. The primary reason lies in the fact that they have a better understanding of each other(用動詞understand和表語從句改寫：1.The primary reason is that they better understand each other) so they can municate well with each other. Another 22% choose parents and teachers to talk to for in their opinion，teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience and they can offer them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble(改為簡單句：2.teachers and parents are rich in life and education experience，offering them practical advice on how to deal with the trouble)．However, 17% don’t tell their trouble to anyone. For one thing，they don’t want to share their inner thoughts with others. For another thing，they find it hard to get along well with others(用neither... nor...改寫成倒裝句：3.Neither do they want to share their inner thoughts with others and nor do they get along well with others)． Yours sincerely， The Student Union