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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 閱讀理解（3） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D項中，選出最佳選項。 When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting. It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence. Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were mon in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have e about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is A. not very high. B. high. C. contemptuous. D. critical. 2.The main idea of this passage is A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law. B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence. C. to pare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports. D. people are bloodthirsty in sports. 3.That the author mentions the old Romans is A. To pare the old Romans with today’s people. B. to give an example. C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better. D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty. 4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage? A. Three. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves. B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law. C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system. D. to show law is the main instrument of social change. Vocabulary relish 從……獲得樂處，享受 orgy 狂歡，放縱 arena 競技場，活動或斗爭的場所 blood-thirsty 殘忍的，嗜血的 bear-baiting 逗熊游戲 bull-fight 斗牛 batter 猛擊，連續(xù)地猛打/捶，亂打 pulp 成紙漿，成軟塊 burst into flames 突然燃燒起來/著火 grim 令人窒息的，簡陋的 coop up 把……關起來 難句譯注 bear-baiting 逗熊游戲。這是一種十六、十七世紀流行于英國的游戲――驅(qū)狗去咬綁著的熊，很殘忍，后被禁止。 …two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring. 【結構簡析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人，打癱某人 【參考譯文】兩個人在拳擊場內(nèi)彼此狠揍，知道一個人被打倒在地，爬不起來。 …unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. 【參考譯文】眼見一輛或多輛賽車相互撞擊，突然燒起來而無動于衷。 A world heavy weight championship match is front page news. 【參考譯文】世界重量級冠軍賽總是頭版頭條新聞。 寫作方法與文章大意 作者采取先對比、后分析的寫作手法。先是今人和古羅馬人對暴虐體育上對此兩者都欣賞。后者坦率成人“欣賞暴力體育”，前者施以各種接口、實際都是嗜血成性者。第二段進一步剖析今人欣賞暴虐體育的種種實例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜為改善法律采取積極的步驟，法律才能施以巨大的文明影響，否則人類很難改變。 答案詳解 1.A. 不太高。文章一開始就點出科技巨大進步，而其他方面進展很少。人們以輕蔑的口氣談及可憐的古羅馬人，因為他們欣賞競技場上的屠殺。我們輕視他們，因為他們把這些屠殺視為娛樂。我們可以降階/屈尊地諒解他們，因為他們生活在2000年前，顯然，對好的東西不知道。在這里作者反問，我們的優(yōu)越感是否正確呢？我們的嗜血性是不是少一些？為什么拳擊比賽吸引那么許多人？在場的觀賞者（觀眾）是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢？結論是：人類和過去一樣殘忍。唯一的不同點在于古羅馬人很誠實，他們承認他們欣賞觀看饑餓的獅子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我們會找出各種精辟的理由來保衛(wèi)早該制止的運動。第二段舉出具體例子，如斗牛、拳擊中把人打癱在地、車賽中，車子碰撞起火，人們就坐在那里觀看欣賞，參賽者是為了高報酬，觀眾付出大筆錢財是為了看到暴力。作者指出任何體育精神的說法純粹是虛偽。如果一場打比賽（世界重量級冠軍賽），兩輪而不是十五輪就告結束，成千上百萬人們會感到失望――這些都證明人的卑下，不文明。這兩段似乎也證明作者的觀點應該是C項――蔑視的。但在第三段談及，好幾個世紀以來，人們一直試圖在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承認不怎么成功?？芍辽傥覀儾辉偃萑摊側私d于籠中，當眾鞭撻，以及其他許多過去普遍存在的野蠻行徑。監(jiān)獄也不再是過去那種令人窒息的禁錮之地，社會福利制度在全世界許多地方推行。在財富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。這些變化的出現(xiàn)不是因為人突然改善，而是在改變法律上采取了 積極的步驟。如果我們禁止危險的暴力體育項目，那么我們在改善人類方面又前進了一步。我們會認識暴力是人類的墮落和卑下（人類不應有的）。從這段來看，作者對人類還抱有希望，不是很蔑視。所以選A項。 2.A. 法律應禁止墮落而又危險的體育項目。見第一題注釋。作者從古羅馬人欣賞殘忍的體育項目說起，點出現(xiàn)代人也是嗜血成性，喜歡暴力體育項目。這是不文明，是墮落。必須制止，而法律是我們社會改革最強大的工具，它可應用，發(fā)揮強大的文明影響（第三段倒數(shù)第三句） B. 人們愿意支付巨大款項來觀看暴力。這是作者說明“嗜血成性”的具體內(nèi)容之一。C. 對比對危險體育項目不同的態(tài)度。這里沒有對比。D.人類嗜血成性。這是作者認為人們?yōu)槭裁葱蕾p危險殘忍體育項目的根源。 3.D. 人們在體育上習慣于“嗜血成性”，過去是，現(xiàn)在仍然是，不同點只是前者坦直承認，后者婉轉掩飾。見第一題注釋。 A. 把古羅馬人和現(xiàn)代人對比。這項沒有說明對比什么。B. 給出一個例子。太抽象。C. 說明過去人類不太知道更美好的東西，這兩項都沒有到位。 4.B. 5個。作者提到⑴逗熊游戲；⑵斗牛；⑶車賽；⑷拳擊；⑸人獅斗。至于當眾鞭撻和絞刑不能稱作體育活動。 5.A. 通過制止野蠻體育項目，我們能改善人類自身。這在第三段講的最透徹，見第一題和第二題注釋。 B. 通過制止野蠻體育活動，我們能改善法律，不完全對。作者明確指出要用法律來禁止野蠻體育項目。C. 我們必須采取積極步驟來改善社會福利體制。D. 去表明法律是社會變革的主要工具。 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 A little brown mouse lived in a small house in the country.His cottage was very warm and fortable，with lots of flowers in front of it and a few apple trees behind.In his living room the brown country mouse ate good fresh food. One day his cousin from town came to visit him. “It is so nice to see you，” the country mouse said. “e in.Sit down.Let’s have supper.” Soon he brought in some bread，bacon and corn for supper and they drank fresh clean water.After supper they sat and talked. The town mouse said，“ How can you live here？The country is so quiet.I don’t like the food eithere and stay with me！” So the next morning the mice went to town.The town mouse’s house was beautiful.But they got into the house by going under the back door.They were very hungry，so the town mouse took his cousin to the dining room.There was a lot of food on the table. “Look at that！” said the town mouse.The mice jumped onto the table.They began to eat some fine French cheese，some very tasty cakes and biscuits.They drank lemonade and milk. Suddenly the door opened and a man walked in.He came to the table to get some fruit. “Be quiet！” whispered the town mouse. The man took an apple and went out of the room.The town mouse began to eat again，but the country mouse could not eat a thing，because he felt so afraid.Suddenly he saw a big cat near the sofa in the corner of the room.The cat was sleeping，but then it heard something.It opened its eyes and saw the mice.The country mouse began to cry：“Help！” The cat tried to catch the mice.The mice ran into a hole in the floor.The cat couldn’t get in. “Oh，dear，” said the country mouse. “Your food is good，but your life is not.I feel afraid everywhere.Goodbye.I’m going back to the country.” 【語篇解讀】　鄉(xiāng)村的老鼠去城里的老鼠那里做客，它認為城里雖然生活富裕，但是卻不安全，于是又回到了鄉(xiāng)下。 1．The town mouse considered the life of the country mouse to be________. A．interesting B．boring C．exciting D. terrifying 解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的How can you live here？The country is so quiet可推測，從城里來的老鼠認為在鄉(xiāng)村的生活是無趣的，故選B項。 答案：　B 2．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refers to________. A．the town mouse’s home B．the back door C．a(chǎn) lot of food on the table D．the dining room 解析：　指代題。結合第四段的There wa a lot of food on the table可知，這里的that就是指前面提到的food，故選C項。 答案：　C 3．The cat didn’t catch the mice because________. A．one cat couldn’t fight with two mice B．the cat was still sleepy at that time C．the mice were powerful after eating the magic cakes D．the cat couldn’t get into the hole in the floor 解析：　細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段的The mice ran into a hole in the floor.The cat couldn’t get in可知，貓無法鉆進洞里，所以沒有逮住老鼠，故選D項。 答案：　D 4．The country mouse went back to the country because________. A．life is quiet but safe in the country B．the city cat was not friendly at all C．nowhere is better than one’s own home D．the city life was too busy for it to enioy 解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的your food is good，but your life is not.I feel afraid everywhere可知鄉(xiāng)村的老鼠認為雖然城里的食物精美，但是卻不安全，所以不如回到自己的鄉(xiāng)下去，故選A項。 答案：　A 5．This passage is a________. A．piece of news B．science novel C．fairy tale D．drama 解析：　文章體裁題。本文講述了鄉(xiāng)下老鼠與城市老鼠的故事，是一篇童話故事，故C為正確答案。 答案：　C. 閱讀理解。 There were smiling children all the way. Charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to plete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johor Bauru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight, Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave hack. From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time. The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (擁抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car. I looked forward to the return journey. ( ) 1. The author expected the train trip to be A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull ( ) 2.What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip? A. The friendly country people. B. The mountains along the way. C. The crowds of people in the streets. D. The simple lunch served on the train. ( ) 3.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on ( ) 4.Where was the writer going? A. Johor Bauru. B. The Causeway. C. Butterworth. D. Singapore. ( ) 5.What can we learn from the story? A. fort in traveling by train. B. Pleasure of living in the country. C. Reading gives people delight. D. Smiles brighten people up. 1.選D。根據(jù)第二段，作者是第一次坐長途火車，帶了很多雜志看，可以看出作者一開始認為坐火車是dull（乏味的）。 2.選A。根據(jù)第一段，馬來西亞人很熱情，總會微笑著在站臺上對火車里的陌生人揮手，歡迎乘客來到馬來西亞。作者很感動。 3.選B。參照第71題。作者開始并不享受火車之旅。 4.選C。倒數(shù)第二段，Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth.火車在Butterworth停下來。 5.選D。文章主要講述作者從看到馬來西亞人總會在站臺上笑對火車里的陌生人揮手后，心情由無聊、乏味變成高興。可以看出，微笑能讓人提起精神。