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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 1．動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式變化表 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在式)、過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 形式 構(gòu)成 例詞 動(dòng)詞原形 沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何變形，就是詞典中一般給出的形式 be，do，have，e 第三人稱 單數(shù) 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加s work—works read—reads 以s，o，x，z，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es go—goes wash—washes 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加es fly—flies study—studies 過(guò)去式與 過(guò)去分詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed work—worked stay—stayed 在以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加d close—closed like—liked 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加ed study—studied carry—carried 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ed stop—stopped plan—planned 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ing sleep—sleeping wait—waiting 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加ing smile—smiling move—moving 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ing sit—sitting dig—digging plan—planning 少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加ing die—dying lie—lying 常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： 短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 have closed/opened have been closed/open have died have been dead have left have been away have begun/started have been on have finished/ended have been over have bee have been have borrowed have kept have bought have had have joined have been a member of/ have been in have left sp. have been away from sp. have fallen asleep have been asleep have put on have worn have caught/got a cold have had a cold have got to know have known 2.常見(jiàn)6種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法 河北中考對(duì)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都有考查，須掌握這些時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成和功能。 種類 意義 構(gòu)成特點(diǎn) 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞 例句 備注 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作； 2．目前的狀態(tài)； 3．客觀真理 be用am/is/are；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞詞尾加s/es；其他人稱和數(shù)用動(dòng)詞原形。 often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/ year…(every系列) He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上7點(diǎn)去學(xué)校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 一般 過(guò)去時(shí) 1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作； 2．過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài) be用was/were；其他動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式 just now，… ago，in 1980， last night/week/ month…(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to We went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我們?nèi)チ藲v史博物館。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) 1.將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作； 2．將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài) 1.助動(dòng)詞will (shall)＋動(dòng)詞原形 2．a(chǎn)m/is/are going to＋動(dòng)詞原形 tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/ term…(next系列) I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我將在校門口見(jiàn)你。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15歲了。 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí) 說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 now，at present，at the moment，look，listen The telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？電話響了，你可以接聽(tīng)一下嗎？ 表示位置移動(dòng)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，如：e，go，leave等詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 過(guò)去 進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 was/were＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句 I was reading when he came in.當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我正在讀書(shū)。He was always plaining about something.他總是抱怨一些事情。 在復(fù)合句中，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，通常在when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)。 現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí) 1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響； 2．從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) have/has＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years He has only been to the Great Wall once.他去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城一次。I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我來(lái)到青年志愿者有五年了。 1.since后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.短暫性動(dòng)詞不與一段時(shí)間連用。如果要與一般時(shí)間連用必須換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(見(jiàn)上表) 河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破 【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 一、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用 1．Grandma usually ________ early in the morning.(醒來(lái)) 2．When we ________ western culture with Chinese culture，youll find many differences.(比較) 3．That pany ________ us with 3，000 dollars in xx.(提供) 4．The thief s________ food from the supermarket and was caught by the policemen. 5．The wind ________ the clouds and the sky was clear.(sweep away) 6．We still dont know when your friend ________ here.(e) 7．I overslept this morning.By the time I got to the train station，the train ________．(leave) 8．I ________ a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.(read) 二、連詞成句 9．is，handbag，her，this ________________________________________________________________________? 10．a(chǎn)re，do，you，now，what ________________________________________________________________________? 11．make，a，in，mistake，class，he，yesterday ________________________________________________________________________. 12．learn，I，for，English，three，have，years ________________________________________________________________________. 13．watch TV，last，I，call，you，night，was，when ________________________________________________________________________. 14．she，year，to，will，senior，school，next，go ________________________________________________________________________. 三、單項(xiàng)選擇 (　　)15.We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week. A．has cleaned　　　　B．have cleaned C．cleans D．clean (　　)16.Mr.Green，a famous writer，________ our school next week. A．visited B．visits C．was visiting D．will visit (　　)17.The last time I ________ to the cinema was two years ago. A．go B．have gone C．have been D．went (　　)18.Look，some people ________ photos on the beach. A．took B．takes C．a(chǎn)re taking D．was taking (　　)19.My brother ________ books at that moment. A．read B．was reading C．will read D．have read (　　)20.(xx保定8中模擬)I ________ Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A．didnt hear from B．dont hear from C．wont hear form D．havent heard from 一、時(shí)態(tài)的判斷 根據(jù)河北近5年真題分析可以看出，初中階段需掌握六種基本時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的判斷技巧來(lái)解題，如①根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)；②利用上下文語(yǔ)意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)；③根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)；④在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)；⑤固定句型與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；⑥根據(jù)特定動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；⑦根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對(duì)策(如客觀真理等)。 【方法突破】 1．根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)(xx年34題，xx年36題，xx年39題，xx年45題，xx年43題) 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷時(shí)態(tài)在河北中考中主要體現(xiàn)在詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用和連詞成句題型中。 ①now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)； ②just now，…ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year…(last系列)等標(biāo)志著一般過(guò)去時(shí)； ③at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等標(biāo)志著過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)； ④tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year…(next系列)等標(biāo)志著一般將來(lái)時(shí)； ⑤yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ⑥除了上面這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示時(shí)態(tài)外，某些副詞也有這種作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示頻率的副詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【典例剖析】(xx河北34題) (　　)Were proud that China ________ stronger and stronger these years. A．will bee　　　　　B．became C．is being D．was being 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：我們自豪地是現(xiàn)在中國(guó)正變得越來(lái)越大了。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)these days“如今，現(xiàn)在”，是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志。故本題選C。 2．利用上下文語(yǔ)意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)(xx年31題，xx年37題，xx年42題，xx年36題，xx年43題，xx年38題，xx年40題，xx年41題，2011年38題，2011年42題) 如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中既沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)有可供判斷時(shí)態(tài)的上下文，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這個(gè)句子翻譯成中文，利用我們的母語(yǔ)知識(shí)來(lái)判斷這個(gè)句子該用何種時(shí)態(tài)。 【典例剖析】(xx河北31題) (　　)I ________ the shops.Can I get you anything? A．go to B．went to C．have gone to D．a(chǎn)m going to 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：我將去商店，我能給你買些東西嗎？根據(jù)Can I get you anything？可知?jiǎng)幼鳑](méi)有發(fā)生，故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，go的將來(lái)時(shí)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。故選D。 3．根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)(xx年37題，xx年40題，xx年37題，xx年43題) 有些試題雖然看起來(lái)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示詞，也不是出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，但是上下句的動(dòng)作存在著明顯的時(shí)間順序差距，因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷本句所要選用的時(shí)態(tài)。 【典例剖析】(xx河北32題) (　　)Paula is pleased that she ________ her lost watch. A．finds B．found C．has found D．will find 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：Paula是高興的，她找到了她丟失的手表。根據(jù)找到丟失的手表，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去，又根據(jù)前文is pleased，可知過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 4．在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài) 主從復(fù)合句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況： ①“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是由when，after，before，not…until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。(xx年35題) 【典例剖析】(xx河北35題) (　　)Henry will give us a report as soon as he ______． A．will arrive B．was arriving C．a(chǎn)rrives D．a(chǎn)rrived 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C。 ②“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則。在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。(xx年45題) 【典例剖析】(xx河北45題) (　　)I didnt understand ________，so I raised my hand to ask. A．what my teacher says B．what does my teacher say C．what my teacher said D．what did my teacher say 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句需用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排查B和D項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。 ③在主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且有明顯的先后順序，那么，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。通常在when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)。(xx年27題，xx年35題，xx年34題) 【典例剖析】(xx河北27題) (　　)The Children ________ a P．E.class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain. A．have B．a(chǎn)re having C．had D．were having 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且“begin”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，那主句表示延續(xù)性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 ④當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，可根據(jù)具體情況，選用各種合適的時(shí)態(tài)。(xx年45題，2011年45題，xx年45題，xx年45題，xx年45題) 【典例剖析】(2011年河北45題) (　　)Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder ________． A．when she will e back B．when she came back C．when will she e back D．when did she e back 【答案】A 【解題技巧】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句需用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排查C和D項(xiàng)。本題遵循當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。再根據(jù)上句她正在度假可知回來(lái)肯定是將來(lái)的事。故選A。 ⑤在含有“since從句”的主從復(fù)合句中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 另外，在“Its＋一段時(shí)間＋since＋從句”句式中，since后面的從句一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 【典例剖析】(xx安徽中考改編) (　　)Rick ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he came to China. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．a(chǎn)re learning 【答案】C 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。since引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中“主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。所以本題可根據(jù)從句中的“came”判斷出主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，自從他來(lái)中國(guó)后就一直學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)文化這個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但是到目前為止還沒(méi)有結(jié)束且可能還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。故選C。 5．固定句型與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系(xx年36題) 在英語(yǔ)中，不少句型與一些動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如： ①在“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”句型中，陳述句中用will表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 【典例剖析】(xx河北36題) (　　)Keep practicing and you ________ your English. A．improve B．will improve C．improved D．were improved 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。這是“祈使句＋and/ or＋陳述句”句型，陳述句的謂語(yǔ)要用“will＋動(dòng)詞原形”，故選B。 ②在This/That/It is the first time that…句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。若is改為was，就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；有時(shí)以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可換成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可換成其他名詞。 【典例剖析】 (　　)—Do you know our town at all? —No，this is the first time I ________ here. A．was　B．have been　C．came　D．a(chǎn)m ing 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time…后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。 6．根據(jù)特定動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系(xx年44題) 在英語(yǔ)里有些動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如see(看見(jiàn))，hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn))，find(找到)等詞的用法與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)有對(duì)應(yīng)的提示作用，如see sb. do/doing sth.，hear sb. do/doing sth. 【典例剖析】(xx河北37題) (　　)I saw Jeff in the park.He ________ on the grass and reading a book. A．sits B．sat C．is sitting D．was sitting 【答案】D 【解題技巧】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境“我看到杰夫在公園里”。saw表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。又根據(jù)reading a book，可知前后句表并列關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 7．根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特”對(duì)策(如客觀真理等) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、格言或現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣行為時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的限制，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 【典例剖析】 (　　)The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．traveled B．travels C．is traveling D．will travel 【答案】B 【解題技巧】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由常識(shí)可知“光比聲音傳播得快”是客觀真理，必須使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。 二、常見(jiàn)易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)期性、穩(wěn)定性；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時(shí)期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性，不穩(wěn)定性。如： He usually gets up at six in the morning.(經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作) She is an English woman.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)) We are working on the farm these days.(現(xiàn)在這期間的動(dòng)作，表示這幾天暫時(shí)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫忙) Look！The boys are fighting.(現(xiàn)在此刻所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作) 注意：不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的動(dòng)詞，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬間就發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如： I like English very much.我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。(表示情感) Mexico lies to the south of Texas.墨西哥位于得克薩斯州的南邊。(表示存在) 2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的易混辨析 兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。但一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情本身，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況。如： I opened the door just now.我剛才打開(kāi)了門。(指剛才做了“開(kāi)門”的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在門是否開(kāi)著，并未說(shuō)明。) I have opened the door.我已經(jīng)把門打開(kāi)了。(門現(xiàn)在還開(kāi)著) 3．一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)束了，側(cè)重于事實(shí)。而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如： I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信寫完了，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)) I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定寫完；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作) 4．表示“將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)”幾種形式的易混辨析 在初中階段，我們學(xué)了will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形，be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形，be doing以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等四種形式表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)。 will/shall表示單純的將來(lái)(即現(xiàn)在之后)。如： He will be back in a few days.他幾天之后回來(lái)。(單純將來(lái)) 注意：在含有if的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句要用will表示將來(lái)時(shí)。例如： If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我們就去爬山。 be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)事先的“打算、計(jì)劃”要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情。如： What are you going to do this evening？你今晚準(zhǔn)備做什么？(打算) Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空烏云密布。我覺(jué)得是要下雨了。(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情) be doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的將來(lái)，多與表示位移的動(dòng)詞e，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等連用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，主要用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中；或者用來(lái)表示按時(shí)刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一見(jiàn)到他我就會(huì)告訴他這件事。 My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11點(diǎn)起飛。 河北中考考點(diǎn)精練 (　　)1.(xx南京中考)—Why didnt Peter his homework? —He said he had lost his workbook.I think its an excuse. A．does　　　　　　B．doing C．do D．did (　　)2.(xx涼山中考)—I went to visit you yesterday evening，but you werent in.Where were you then? —Oh，I ________ my pet dog in the park.I ________ this dog for three days and its very cute. A．was walking；have had B．walked；bought C．was walking；have bought D．walked；have had (　　)3.(xx保定8中模擬)I ________ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A．will be B．was C．have been D．would (　　)4.(xx濱州中考)—Look at the sign! It says “No Smoking”． —Oh，sorry.I ________ it. A．dont see B．havent seen C．wasnt seen D．didnt see (　　)5.(xx泰安中考)—Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon —What a pity! I ________ my homework. A．had done B．was doing C．a(chǎn)m doing D．would do (　　)6.(xx石家莊42中模擬)Stop smoking，Joe! You ________ yourself if you keep on doing it like that! A．will kill B．have killed C．kill D．killed (　　)7.(xx濰坊中考)Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday________. A．will begin B．has begun C．begins D．is beginning (　　)8.(xx安徽中考)—Cathy，can you answer the door? I ________ the room. —Im ing，mom. A．clean B．cleaned C．have cleaned D．a(chǎn)m cleaning (　　)9.(xx臨沂中考)Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he________ around the world. A．was traveling B．is traveling C．traveled D．travels (　　)10.(xx內(nèi)江中考)I missed his call because at that time I ________ a shower. A．had B．have had C．have D．was having (　　)11.(xx重慶中考B卷)Please wait.She ________ to you in a few minutes. A．talk B．talked C．have talked D．will talk (　　)12.(xx日照中考)—Have you watched the movie the Left Ear? —Yes，I ________ it last night with my sister. A．have watched B．watched C．will watch D．was watching (　　)13.(xx邯鄲11中模擬)My parents are always worried about what will happen if I ________. A．succeeded B．wont succeed C．will fail D．fail (　　)14.(xx綿陽(yáng)中考)Mom，someone ________ .Please pick up the phone. A．has called B．is calling C．will call D．was calling (　　)15.(xx武威中考)—Hey，Jenny.Lets go home together. —Just a moment.I ________ an email. A．send B．sent C．a(chǎn)m sending D．have sent (　　)16.(xx泰州中考)—Look at the blue sky! The rain ________. —Lets go out for a walk. A．stops B．will stop C．has stopped D．had stopped (　　)17.(xx蘇州中考)—Where is Joan? —She ________ a novel in her study. A．has read B．reads C．will read D．is reading (　　)18.(xx宜昌中考)— Internet business ________ traditional business in the past few years? —Not really. A．Does…beat B．Will…beat C．Has…beat D．Is…beating (　　)19.(xx十堰中考)My grandfather likes the small village very much.So far he________ there for 50 years. A．had lived B．lived C．lives D．has lived (　　)20.(xx萊蕪中考)—Mr.Huang，its late.Why are you still here? —My daughter hasnt e back from school yet.I ________ for her. A．waited B．a(chǎn)m waiting C．was waiting D．have waited (　　)21.(xx北京中考)—Mom，where is Dad? —He ________flowers in the garden now. A．planted B．plants C．will plant D．is planting (　　)22.(xx青海中考改編)—What do you think of the talk show last night? —I didnt watch it.I ________ mom with some chores. A．helped B．was helping C．have helped D．will help (　　)23.(xx藁城中考模擬)—Where is your father? —He ________ the World Cup in the living room. A．is watching B．watches C．watched D．will watch (　　)24.(xx邯鄲25中模擬)Hurry up! The sky is covered with black clouds.Im afraid it ________. A．rains B．is going to rain C．rained D．was raining (　　)25.(xx衡水中考模擬)After Steven sent some emails，he ________ surfing the Internet. A．starts B．has started C．will start D．started (　　)26.(xx邢臺(tái)中考模擬)There ________ a great concert in the theatre next Saturday evening. A．will be B．will have C．has D．is going to have (　　)27.(xx廊坊中考模擬)If I make a lot of money I ________ give some to medical research or charities. A．a(chǎn)m going to B．can C．will D．should (　　)28.(xx滄州中考模擬)Be quiet! The students ________ a physics test in the next room. A．had B．have had C．were having D．a(chǎn)re having (　　)29.(xx秦皇島中考模擬)Alice likes doing housework.She ________ her room every afternoon. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaning D．has cleaned (　　)30.(xx張家口9中模擬)—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? —No，because I ________ the story. A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading (　　)31.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—Do you think grandpa and grandma ________ late? —No，the train is usually on time. A．were B．will be C．was D．have been (　　)32.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—Youre in a hurry.Where are you going? —To the cinema.Sue ________ for me outside. A．waits B．waited C．is waiting D．was waiting (　　)33.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—Mr.Li will check our homework this afternoon.________ you ________it? —Not yet.Im doing it right now. A．Do；finish B．Had；finished C．Will；finish D．Have；finished (　　)34.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—When will our uncle e to see us? —Hell e this weekend.He ________me that by email. A．told B．tells C．will tell D．is telling (　　)35.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—Is Richard still living here? —No，he________ to Paris already. A．had moved B．moved C．will move D．has moved (　　)36.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—Which singer do you think ________ the Voice of China? —Im not sure.There are still 3 rounds to e. A．won B．has won C．will win D．wins (　　)37.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Tom ________ the piano every day when he was in primary school. A．plays B．played C．was playing D．has played (　　)38.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. —Go to bed first.I will wake you up as soon as the match ________. A．starts B．started C．will start D．is starting (　　)39.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))I ________ my hometown for a long time.I really miss it. A．left B．went away from C．have left D．have been away from (　　)40.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—A nice tie！A present? —Yes，it is.My aunt ________ it to me for my birthday. A．was sending B．had sent C．will send D．sent 【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 (　　)1.His brother is a teacher.He ________ math at a school. A．taught　　　　　　B．has taught C．teaches D．will teach (　　)2.I hope Tim can e to my birthday party.Then we ________ a much happier time. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had (　　)3.I dont have time to discuss the plan.I ________ to an interview. A．go B．went C．a(chǎn)m going D．was going (　　)4.(xx保定8中模擬)—Hello，mom.Are you still on Lushan Mountain? —Oh，no.We are back home.We ________ a really good journey. A．have B．had C．a(chǎn)re having D．will have (　　)5.I dont remember when and where I ________ this umbrella. A．buy B．have bought C．will buy D．bought (　　)6.—Have you had your breakfast yet? —Yes.Mom ________ it for me. A．was cooking B．is cooking C．will cook D．cooked (　　)7.—Why does Tony look unhappy? —Because he ________ the chance to take part in the English contest. A．misses B．was missing C．is missing D．missed (　　)8.(xx保定17中模擬)Can you answer the door，Jim？I ________ the dishes. A．do B．did C．have done D．a(chǎn)m doing (　　)9.—I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning. —Thats impossible.He ________ an English party with us then. A．has B．had C．was having D．has had (　　)10.The students ________ the Art Festival when I passed by their school. A．celebrate B．were celebrating C．will celebrate D．have celebrated (　　)11.Jenny ________ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon. A．is cooking B．was cooking C．cooks D．cooked (　　)12.Sanya is a beautiful city.I ________ there twice. A．have gone B．have been C．have gone to D．have been to (　　)13.I began watching here an hour ago，but now nothing ________ yet. A．happens B．will happen C．happened D．has happened