新型消防車的研究,新型,消防車,研究,鉆研 新型消防車的研究 The Research of a new type of fire engine 摘 要 目前，火災(zāi)事故呈上升的趨勢，給人們?nèi)粘５纳a(chǎn)和生活造成帶來了巨大的損失，由于傳統(tǒng)的消防車具有體積大，操作不靈活，帶水量有限等缺點(diǎn)。因此，在現(xiàn)有消防車的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新型的智能消防車，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中產(chǎn)生重大影響。 本作品設(shè)計(jì)的新型消防車采用Atmega16單片機(jī)作為主控芯片，采用自制的可控小車做車體，考慮到消防車升降臂和車體的比例關(guān)系，進(jìn)而使兩者有效合理的結(jié)合在一起。在升降臂的底盤轉(zhuǎn)動上，利用簡單實(shí)用的四桿結(jié)構(gòu)，通過控制電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)升降臂的方向可調(diào)，而且具有良好的穩(wěn)定性。通過升降電梯的吊籃裝置營救被困人員，不僅加快了救援的速度，還提高了救人的穩(wěn)定性。傳送帶上等距的安裝多個(gè)可承載四人的營救箱體，并且在箱內(nèi)壁安裝保險(xiǎn)帶，由電機(jī)提供動力，利用同軸傳動原理將電機(jī)與皮帶傳動結(jié)合在一起。這樣可以有效的傳送被困人員，大大提高了救生的速度和效率?？紤]到一些特定場所，消防人員難以進(jìn)入到事故現(xiàn)場，在消防車上安裝攝像頭，不僅可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測事故現(xiàn)場的狀況，而且可以通過無線通訊模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)對消防車的遠(yuǎn)程控制。 關(guān)鍵詞: 皮帶傳動；電機(jī)；無線通訊模塊；單片機(jī)Atmega16 ABSRACT At present, the rising trend of fire accident, give people daily life and production brought huge losses caused by fire, because of the large size is traditional, not flexible operating with water, limited shortcomings. Therefore, on the basis of the existing engines, designed a new type of intelligent engines, in actual application of impact. This works design new engines using microcontroller as the main control chip, Atmega16 self-made controlled cars do bodywork, considering the truck hoist arms and body relation, and then make a reasonable effective both together. The chassis rotation in hoist arms, using a simple and practical four poles structure, through the control motor to realize the direction of hoist arms adjustable, and has good stability. Through the lifts basket trapped device, not only accelerate the speed of the rescue, but also improve the stability of the rescue. The conveyor belt can carry more than offset the installation of four people in the box and rescue cabinet, wall installation seat belts by motors, using coaxial transmission principle and belt transmission together. This can be effective transmission trapped workers, greatly improving the life-saving speed and efficiency. Considering some specific places, firefighters to enter to the scene of the accident, in fire truck installed cameras, not only can monitor the scene of the accident, but can be realized through wireless communication module of engines of remote control. Key words: Belt drive; motor; wireless communication module; MCU ATMEGA16 目 錄 1引言 1 1.1問題的提出 1 1.2課題研究的意義 1 2系統(tǒng)概述 2 2.1系統(tǒng)功能要求 2 2.2系統(tǒng)組成 2 3方案論證 4 3.1控制器的方案論證與選擇 4 3.2無線通訊芯片的選擇 4 4系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) 6 4.1單片機(jī)電路 6 4.1.1 AVR單片機(jī)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) 6 4.1.2 AVR單片機(jī)引腳功能 9 4.1.3 AVR單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)電路 11 4.2電源電路 12 4.2.1電源電路的結(jié)構(gòu) 13 4.2.2電源芯片引腳功能 13 4.3無線通迅模塊nRF905 14 4.3.1功能特性 14 4.3.2 芯片結(jié)構(gòu) 15 4.3.3 引腳定義 17 4.3.4 工作模式 17 4.4直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動芯片L298N 19 4.5步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器 21 5系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) 22 5.1直流電機(jī)控制子程序 22 5.2鍵盤子程序 22 5.3無線通訊模塊驅(qū)動程序 23 5.3.1器件配置 23 5.3.2程序流程圖 24 5.4步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制子程序 27 5.5主程序流程圖 28 6系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 30 結(jié) 論 31 參考文獻(xiàn) 32 附錄1：原理圖 33 附錄2：程序源代碼 34 附錄3：單片機(jī)控制板PCB圖 44 致 謝 45 II