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2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題九 非謂語動詞 人教新目標版 考綱要求 動詞不定式做賓語、賓語補足語、目的狀語 考查點 年份 題號 選項設(shè)置 分值 疑問詞＋ 不定式 xx 39 how__to__study/when to study/which to study/what to study 1分 作賓語 (固定搭配) xx 33 accept/to accept/say/to__say 1分 xx 39 clean/to__clean/cleaning/cleaned 1分 表目的 xx 37 to__find/find/to write/write 1分 作賓補 (固定搭配) 2011 32 speak/to__speak/spoke/speaks 1分 C．to listen D．to listen to (　　)16.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates ________ dancing with her. A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice (　　)17.Students should learn how ________ problems. A．solve B．solving C．can solve D．to solve (　　)18.(xx唐山9中模擬)Nobody could tell me where ________ the book. A．buy B．buying C．can buy D．to buy (　　)19.When I walked past the park，I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taichi. A．do B．did C．doing D．a(chǎn)re doing (　　)20.I found a letter ________ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A．lying B．lay C．lie D．lies (　　)21.Our English teacher often says to us，“________ English well is very important.” A．Learn B．Learning C．Learned D．To learning (　　)22.Im sleepy.I prefer ________ at home to going out for a walk. A．sleeping B．to sleep C．slept D．sleep (　　)23.Many young people took part in ________ trees on Tree Planting Day. A．planting B．plants C．to plant D．plant 【滿分點撥】 1．非謂語動詞的定義及句法功能 (1)非謂語動詞的定義 非謂語動詞是在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式。 (2)非謂語動詞的句法功能 非謂語動詞在句中可以充當主語、賓語、表語、補語、定語或狀語等成分，即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外，可以承擔句子的任何成分。如： To see is to believe.(作主語和表語)眼見為實。 The boy likes walking to school.(作賓語)那個男孩喜歡步行去學校。 Dont keep us waiting for a long time.(作補語)不要讓我們等得太久。 (3)非謂語動詞的三種形式 非謂語動詞按照其用法分為：動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)、動名詞。按照其形式分為：to do、v.ing、v.ed。 2．動詞不定式的用法 動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。 (1)作主語。不定式作主語往往用形式主語it代替，作為句子真正主語的不定式則被后置。常用句型：Its＋adj.＋(for/of)sb.to do sth.。如：Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，給我們照相。 (2)作表語?？煞旁赽e動詞之后作表語。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打掃房間。 (3)作賓語。常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：decide“決定”，expect“期望”，forget“忘記”，hope“希望”，pretend“假裝”，try“盡力”。如：Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你決定今年暑假去香港旅行嗎？ (4)作賓語補足語。常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask“要求”，tell“告訴”，want“想要”，teach“教”，wish“希望”，help“幫助”，warn“警告”，invite“邀請”，encourage“鼓勵”等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她姐姐把電視機的音量調(diào)小點。 (5)作定語。動詞不定式作定語時，要置于被說明修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語。如：I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我現(xiàn)在沒有空。我有很多事要做。 (6)作狀語。主要作目的狀語，也可作結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。如：They will go to the station to meet the guests.他們將去車站會見客人。(目的狀語) Paul is too excited to say anything.保羅激動得說不出話來了。(結(jié)果狀語) I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.聽說你媽媽生病了我很難過。(原因狀語) 注意：在使役動詞make，let，have和感官動詞see，hear，watch，notice，feel等詞后，要把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的to省略。如：I saw our English teacher enter the office just now.剛才我看到我們的英語老師走進辦公室了。 3．常見只能跟不定式的動詞 tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth.邀請某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事 force sb. to do sth.強迫某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建議某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth.說服某人做某事 would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事 decide to do sth.決定做某事 refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事 learn to do sth.學習做某事 plan to do sth.計劃做某事 promise to do sth.承諾做某事 4．動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別 (1)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。舉例如下： (2)感官動詞后接不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞 感官動詞后既可接不帶to的不定式，也可接現(xiàn)在分詞；接不定式時指“(看到、聽到、見到)全過程”，接現(xiàn)在分詞時指“瞬間動作”。如： I heard the girl singing in the next room.我聽到那個女孩正在隔壁房間里唱歌。 I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到那個女孩在隔壁房間里唱歌。 5．動詞不定式的特殊句型 (1)too…to…表示“太……而不能……”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself.那個男孩太小不能照顧自己。 (2)…enough to…表示“……足夠……”。如：He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學的年齡了。 (3)Why dont you ＋不帶to的不定式？＝Why not＋不帶to的不定式？如Why dont you get her a photo album？＝Why not get her a photo album？為什么不給她買個相冊呢？ (4)had better＋(not)＋不帶to的不定式。如：Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好別待在那兒。 (5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事?！?。如：She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份有意義的小禮物也不愿收到一大筆錢。 河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx涼山中考)If all of us pull together，there must be something we can do . A．improve the environment B．to improve the environment C．improving the environment D．improved the environment (　　)2.(xx廣州中考)Sarah，youd better drink more water after ________ for such a long time. A．run　　　　　　　B．runs C．to run D．running (　　)3.(xx泰安中考)When you leave，please turn off the lights ________energy. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved (　　)4.(xx保定8中模擬)—Wow，Wendy，its cool to make a short video with your mobile phone. —Just with a software called Meipai.Let me show you ________. A．which to use B．how to use it C．what to use D．where to use it (　　)5.(xx呼和浩特中考)Mr.Smith told his son ________ the football match because of the exam. A．not to watch B．to not watch C．not watching D．doesnt watch (　　)6.(xx內(nèi)江中考)In this school，the students are asked ________ mobile phone. A．not to use B．not using C．not use D．to not use (　　)7.(xx資陽中考)We stopped ________，but there was not any sound. A．to listen B．listens C．listen D．listening (　　)8.(xx南充中考)Its necessary for us ________ English well. A．to learn B．learning C．learn D．learns (　　)9.(xx眉山中考)We should thank the man.He always does what he can ________ us. A．helps B．to help C．help D．helping (　　)10.(xx武威中考)For our ing vacation，why ________ going abroad and seeing the outside world? A．not consider B．to consider C．dont think D．not think (　　)11.(xx安順中考)—Its too cold today.Would you mind ________ the window? —Certainly not.Go ahead. A．to close B．closing C．close D．closed (　　)12.(xx蘇州中考)I was tired out，so I stopped the car ________ a short rest. A．have B．having C．to have D．had (　　)13.(xx揚州中考)—What should we take when going birdwatching? —We should take a pair of binoculars ________ the birds clearly. A．see B．seeing C．to see D．sees (　　)14.(xx雅安中考)It is important ________ people ________ good manners. A．for；to learn B．of；to learn C．for；learn D．of；learn (　　)15.(xx廣東中考)We advise parents ________their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not leave B．not to leave C．leave D．to leave (　　)16.(xx承德2中模擬)I saw some boy students ________ basketball when I passed the playground. A．played B．plays C．playing D．to play (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Harry has decided ________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)I wouldnt mind ________ a roommate.We can help each other and save money as well. A．having B．to have C．have D．had (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)He is busy ________ at school，but he never forgets ________ his mom a phone call every day. A．working；giving B．work；give C．working；to give D．work；to give (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)—Have you decided ______ to the beach? —Not yet.It depends on the weather. A．whom to go B．where to go C．when to go D．why to go (　　)21.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)—Do you climb mountains every day? —Yes，________a little exercise.Im so out of shape. A．getting B．get C．got D．to get