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2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題七 形容詞和副詞 人教新目標版 考綱要求 1.形容詞(包括比較級和最高級)　2.副詞(包括比較級和最高級) 考查點 年份 題號 選項設置 分值 形容詞詞 義辨析 xx 30 thankful/careful/useful/helpful 1分 41 heavy/full/much/long 1分 78 asleep(單詞拼寫) 1分 xx 31 cute/strong/fast/straight 1分 47 bored/tired/pleased/surprised 1分 54 little/good/great/bad 1分 xx 47 good/bad/rich/poor 1分 xx 33 shy/friendly/crazy/healthy 1分 49 sorry/active/lucky/nervous 1分 2011 54 surprised at/interested__in/expected by/worried about 1分 形容詞副 詞混合辨析 xx 42 quick/quickly/useful/usefully 1分 xx 42 bad/badly/clear/clearly 1分 副詞詞義 辨析 xx 33 mainly/really/possibly/hardly 1分 xx 51 weakly/quickly/slowly/quietly 1分 xx 52 usually/ever/sometimes/never 1分 51 often/ever/seldom/never 1分 2011 51 even/only/still/ever 1分 形容詞副 詞轉換 xx 77 safe—safely 1分 xx 83 politepolitely 1分 構成 例詞 與形容詞同形 low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high， slow 形容詞后直接加ly sad—sadly；polite—politely 輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞改y為i再加ly happy—happily；angry—angrily； busy—busily 輔音字母加le結尾時，去e加y simple—simply；terrible—terribly；gentle—gently 少數(shù)以e結尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加ly true—truly；due—duly close adj./adv.靠近 closely adv.密切地 high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地 free adj./adv.免費 freely adv.自由地 late adj./adv.晚，遲 lately adv.近來 deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻/深入地 near adj./adv.鄰近 nearly adv.幾乎/將近 hard adj./adv.努力地 hardly adv.幾乎不 most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地 wide adj./adv.寬闊 widely adv.廣泛地 分類 位置 例詞 時間 副詞 一般放在句尾 now現(xiàn)在then那時today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago……之前soon很快once曾經，以前at first首先at last最后just now剛才at once立刻，馬上 頻度 副詞 行為動詞之前或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞及be動詞之后 twice兩次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always總是，經常usually經常often經常，常常sometimes有時ever曾經never從來不 地點 副詞 一般放在句尾 here這兒there那兒upstairs樓上downstairs樓下above上邊behind后邊everywhere每個地方anywhere任何地方 方式 副詞 放在不及物動詞之后或及物動詞之前 well好地，優(yōu)質地badly壞地，劣質地fast快速地hard難地；努力地happily快樂地loudly大聲地luckily幸運地politely禮貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly緩慢地 程度 副詞 被修飾的形容詞或副詞前，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時須后置 quite相當，完全，十分 rather相當，頗，有點 very非常 much許多 a lot許多 a little一點，一些 a bit少量 enough足夠 hardly幾乎不 almost大多數(shù) 疑問 副詞 通常置于句首 疑問副詞有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑問副詞常用來構成特殊疑問句。 關系 副詞 用來引導賓語從句，放在句中 關系副詞有when，where，why，how等，關系副詞常用來引導從句。 考綱要求 1.形容詞(包括比較級和最高級)　2.副詞(包括比較級和最高級) 考查點 年份 題號 考查角度 選項設置 分值 形容詞 比較等級 xx 41 形容詞最高級 healthier/healthiest/the healthier/the__healthiest 1分 xx 31 形容詞比較級 better/best/a__better/the best 1分 52 形容詞比較級 greater/more natural/lower/more mon 1分 2011 34 形容詞最高級 difficult/too difficult/more difficult/the__most__difficult 1分 副詞比 較等級 xx 31 副詞比較等級 early/earlier/the earlier/the earliest 1分 D．more weak and weak (　　)14.Lucy does homework ________ than Tim. A．carefully B．more careful C．more carefully D．the most carefully (　　)15.A 100yearold man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday.He became the ____ person to plete the longdistance running in the world. A．old B．older C．oldest D．more old (　　)16.The population problem may be one of ______ problems in the world today. A．great B．more great C．the greatest D．greater (　　)17.(xx滄州14中模擬)—Can you tell me why you learn English so well? —Its very simple.__________ you work，________ grades you will get. A．The harder；the best B．The hard；the better C．Harder；better D．The harder；the better 【滿分點撥】 一、形容詞、副詞比較等級的構成 1．形容詞副詞比較等級的一般變化規(guī)則 規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 構成方法 原級 比較級 最高級 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er，est。 small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest fastest quickest 以不發(fā)音的e結尾的單音節(jié)詞加r，st。 nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以輔音字母＋y結尾的雙音節(jié)單詞，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加er，est。 early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的單詞，雙寫末尾的字母再加er，est。 red big thin redder bigger thinner reddest biggest thinnest 部分雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞在原級前加more，most。 interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important 　　2.常見不規(guī)則變化的形容詞和副詞 原級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 　　3.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法 句型 意義 例句 as＋形 容詞/ 副詞原 級＋as 兩者比較，程度相同?！癮s…as”結構前可以帶表示程度的狀語，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等。 This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.這本書幾乎同那本一樣厚。 His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。 如果形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，應用as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋a(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式＋as。 Tom is as good a person as his uncle.湯姆和他叔叔一樣是好人。 This is just as good an example as the other one.這個例子和另外那個一樣好。 如果指同一個人或物，應譯為“不但……而且……”。 Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聰明。  not as (so)＋形容詞 /副詞原 級＋as 兩者相比，一方不及另一方。 This village isnt as(so)big as that one.這個村子沒有那個村子大。 I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作業(yè)不如你仔細。 形容詞(副詞)比較級＋than 兩者進行比較。 The sun is bigger than the earth.太陽比地球大。 She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比別人起得早。 比較級＋and＋比較級 越來越……，多音節(jié)的用more and more＋形容詞或副詞原級。 She is growing fatter and fatter.她越來越胖了。 Our country is being more and more beautiful.我們的國家越來越美了。 the＋比 較級，the ＋比較級 越……，越……，如果“the＋比較級”修飾名詞作定語，名詞要緊跟在比較級之后。 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高興。 The more，the better.越多越好。 The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的錢越多越想要。 具體數(shù)字(如倍數(shù))＋as…as… 是……的……倍。 The city is two times as big as my hometown.這個城市是我的家鄉(xiāng)的2倍。 具體數(shù) 字、實物、 倍數(shù)等＋比較 級＋than 形容詞與具體倍數(shù)等的比較。 He is a head taller than I．他比我高一個頭。 This city is three times larger than that one.這座城市比那座城市大三倍。 形容詞最高級＋介詞短語(比較范圍) (三者或三者以上)最……的。 He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我們班里最高的男孩。 副詞最高級＋介詞短語(比較范圍) (三者或三者以上)最……的。 He works hardest in his class.他是班上學習最用功的一個。 河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx梅州中考)If overweight people eat less and take more exercise，theyll soon feel much________. A．fatter　　　　　　B．older C．bigger D．healthier (　　)2.(xx南京中考)Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital.But after a weeks rest，she felt much ________ and went back to school. A．good B．better C．bad D．worse (　　)3.(xx保定8中模擬)—The fish tastes ________，we have eaten it up. —It is certain that she cooked it ________. A．good；well B．well；good C．well；well D．good；good (　　)4.(xx杭州中考)My time in the middle school was one of ________ periods of my life. A．exciting B．more exciting C．the more exciting D．the most exciting (　　)5.(xx廣安中考)—Who does homework ________，Tom，Jack or Bill? —Bill. A．more carefully B．more careful C．most carefully D．most careful (　　)6.(xx溫州中考)I fell off the bike on my way to school.________，I wasnt hurt. A．Luckily B．Suddenly C．Politely D．Recently (　　)7.(xx濱州中考)Teenagers should be encouraged to go ________ and be close to nature. A．inside B．back C．outside D．off (　　)8.(xx泰安中考)—How are you getting along with your English study? —Much better.I dont feel it as ________as before. A．interesting B．much C．difficult D．easy (　　)9.(xx連云港中考)—Why are you looking________ in class all day? —Because I cant finish my homework until eleven every night. A．awake B．asleep C．sleeping D．sleepy (　　)10.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—I hate vegetables.I________eat them. —But they are good for your health! You should eat them every day. A．always B．seldom C．often D．usually (　　)11.(xx聊城中考)Earthquakes always happen ________，so it is difficult to know when they e. A．hopefully B．suddenly C．usually D．luckily (　　)12.(xx滄州14中模擬)—Lin Dan won the badminton game again. —Yes，I think no one can do ________ than him. A．well B．better C．best D．good (　　)13.(xx天津中考)Lets open the windows to have some ________ air here. A．cheap B．nervous C．careful D．fresh (　　)14.(xx南充中考)Roy thinks he works as ________ as his friend，Dan. A．hardly B．harder C．hard D．more hardly (　　)15.(xx重慶中考B卷)I could ________ hear what you said just now.Could you please say it again? A．sometimes B．always C．hardly D．clearly (　　)16.(xx泰州中考)I cant hear you ________，something may be wrong with my telephone. A．carefully B．clearly C．quietly D．slowly (　　)17.(xx青島中考)This camera is too expensive.Id like a________ one. A．cheap B．cheaper C．cheapest D．more expensive (　　)18.(xx萊蕪中考)—Look! The boys are talking about the movie ________. —They always have so many fun things to share. A．sadly B．angrily C．nervously D．happily (　　)19.(xx南昌中考)Sally used to be ________，but now she takes part in different activities and makes many new friends. A．active B．quiet C．honest D．outgoing (　　)20.(xx濟南中考)Why not go to Sunshine Supermarket？You can buy everything ______ there. A．mostly B．widely C．cheaply D．heavily (　　)21.(xx邢臺中考模擬)You had better put on a ________ sweater since it is cold in the morning. A．thin B．cool C．thick D．heavy (　　)22.(xx保定8中模擬)The baby is sleeping.Please walk into the room ________. A．quiet B．quietly C．heavy D．heavily (　　)23.(xx廊坊中考模擬)Tomorrow is Anns birthday.Her mother is going make a ________ meal for her. A．big B．mon C．quick D．simple (　　)24.(xx石家莊41中模擬)Im not hungry because I have ________ had lunch. A．ever B．never C．just D．still (　　)25.(xx衡水5中模擬)We dont want to speak badly or ________ in front of the class. A．clearly B．carefully C．carelessly D．properly (　　)26.(xx滄州中考模擬)My sister ________ goes to bed early because she needs a lot of sleep every day. A．always B．sometimes C．hardly D．never (　　)27.(xx唐山9中模擬)—Ill not be Jacks friend any more. —Dont be angry.Hes just so ________，but in fact hes good to us，you know. A．helpful B．direct C．polite D．brave (　　)28.(xx承德中考模擬)With the development of modern science，its ________ for us to get information from all over the world. A．slower B．busier C．harder D．easier (　　)29.(xx石家莊質量檢測中考)—Excuse me，would you please speak a little more________？ —Sorry，I thought you could follow me. A．sadly B．quickly C．politely D．slowly (　　)30.(xx秦皇島中考模擬)Overseas experience may help make our life ________ .So why not try to study abroad? A．usual B．useful C．successful D．traditional (　　)31.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)We want to set off ________ so that we can avoid the heavy traffic. A．early B．recently C．happily D．quietly (　　)32.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)—The transportation in our country is much more ________ than it used to be. —But traveling bees much easier! A．convenient B．expensive C．difficult D．trendy (　　)33.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)—Is Tina an outgoing girl? —No，shes kind of ________.Her face always turns red when she speaks in public. A．shy B．active C．relaxed D．funny (　　)34.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)There has never been such a beautiful village ________ in the world. A．anywhere B．everywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere (　　)35.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)Lindas father hates waiting in long lines.I think hes just not very ________. A．patient B．talented C．popular D．powerful (　　)36.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)Im surprised that John is only 25.I thought he was ________ ，for he seems to be in his thirties. A．old B．older C．young D．younger (　　)37.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)Emma always gets good grades in different exams because she is a______ girl. A．shy B．friendly C．polite D．hardworking (　　)38.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)—You look ________.Whats up，sir? —I cant find my ticket，but its time to check in. A．sleepy B．hungry C．tired D．worried (　　)39.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)My new neighbor is so ________ that he enjoys meeting and talking to people. A．shy B．outgoing C．quiet D．smart (　　)40.(xx原創(chuàng)預測)I got home for my birthday from my college on Friday evening.No one was at home，and Mom and Dad hadnt left me a note.This made me ________. A．surprised B．happy C．angry D．excited