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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 Unit 3 A healthy life習(xí)題 新人教版選修6 6Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (xx山東省威海市二模) Run, swim, lift weights, do yoga—do something, because its good for you. Many studies tell us that regular exercise not only helps our bodies but improves memory, and eases anxiety. But what is happening to the mind during workout to create all these benefits? A new study from Sweden suggests that a specific protein found in trained muscles might contribute to exercises mental benefits. This protein, the researchers found, might help our bodies process molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振). The findings were published in the journal Cell. To test this, the researchers kept attacking some mice with flashing lights, loud noises and interrupting their sleep for weeks. Predictably, this treatment makes the mice show signs and biochemical markers of depression. But not all the mice showed those signs. One group, specially raised to have high levels of a protein called PGC1alpha1 (the one in trained muscles), did not show those depression signs. PGC1alpha1 increases production of an enzyme that breaks down a chemical called kynurenine. Kynurenine helps the body respond to an activated immune system(活性免疫系統(tǒng)), but it also plays a role in depression. “Our original research assumption was that trained muscle would produce a substance(物質(zhì)) with beneficial effects on the brain，” Jorge Ruas of the Karolinska Institute told Forbes. “We actually found the opposite: welltrained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body.” This study was in mice, but it lines up nicely with all the other lines of evidence that exercise is good for mental health. 文章大意：體育鍛煉有益身心健康，但是我們的大腦在鍛煉過程中發(fā)生了什么變化從而有益于我們的身心的呢？本文給出了答案：鍛煉的肌肉中產(chǎn)生了一種enzyme物質(zhì)，它帶走了我們身體里的有害物質(zhì)。 1．According to the study, which of the following is bad for your mental health? A．Protein.　　　　　　　　　 B．Molecule. C．Enzyme. D．Kynurenine. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句話“...but it also plays a role in depression.”可知，Kynurenine會造成我們心情萎靡不振。該題易誤選B項(xiàng)，由第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“molecules that, if out of balance, can stress us and contribute to depression(萎靡不振)”可知，該物質(zhì)本身無害，只有當(dāng)它在身體內(nèi)失衡時才有害，所以不選。 2．What conclusion have the researchers drawn from the study? A．Unbalanced exercise leads you to depression. B．Wellfed mice survive better though being illtreated. C．Trained muscle produces a substance good for brain. D．Regular exercise helps to clear rubbish away from body. 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段最后一句話“...welltrained muscle produces an enzyme that removes harmful substances away from the body...”可知。 3．According to the last paragraph, the result of the study is ________. A．reliable B．doubtful C．predictable D．a(chǎn)mbiguous 答案：A　推理判斷題。該研究是在老鼠身上做的，但是它與其他研究非常吻合，所以該研究結(jié)果是可信的。 4．Whats the main idea of the passage? A．Why do you need regular exercise? B．What matters most for your body? C．How does exercise help your brain? D．Why are mice chosen for the study? 答案：C　主旨大意題。由文章大意可知。 Ⅱ.七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。 (xx北京市東城區(qū)第二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)一) Anxiety is your mental watchman. Its fixed pattern is to search for what may be about to go wrong.It continually, and without your conscious permission, scans your life, even when you are asleep, in dreams and nightmares.__1__ When it finds one, it worries it. Along with depression and anger, anxiety is one of the bad faces of worries. __2__ Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a lack of security and confidence. When anxiety is severe and pained, it can be a sign of a disorder, such as panic or terror. Although anxiety seems to have a biological basis, it is habitforming for many of us. Some of our anxious feelings are in fact wasted energy. Anxiety has gotten out of hand when it is pointless and repeated. When you are faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or making an important decision, you will feel anxious. When you are controlled by anxiety, you are unable to control your emotions(情感) to the point of it changing your daily routine and habits.__3__ Or you find you are usually anxious at work or around your family. At times, you should listen to the message of your negative emotions, as unfortable as they may be, and change your outward life rather than your emotional life. __4__ If you are worried about the dangers of your brothers new hobby, sky diving, perhaps you ought to tell him so. Taking action may relieve your anxiety.__5__ By learning to stop always seeking guarantee, not only can you start to undo the automatic cycle of anxiety, but also you learn that you can manage just fine without the need for constant guarantee. This in turn creates a sense of selfconfidence and selfrespect, which is vital to overe anxiety. A．For these people, saying NO to others is often of much anxiety. B．It reviews your work, your love, your play, until it finds an imperfection. C．paring anxiety with depression helps to discuss possible cures for anxiety. D．These three mon emotions are considered the cause of most mental illnesses. E．If that doesnt work, then its time to deal with any automatic thoughts in yourself. F．If you are anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day. G．You find yourself waking up anxious, going through the day anxious and going to bed anxious. 文章大意：本文是說明文。該文章主要告訴我們?nèi)绾螖[脫焦慮這種情緒。 1．B　根據(jù)前文的go wrong和B項(xiàng)中的imperfection和下文的worries判斷。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．D　根據(jù)前句的depression and anger, anxiety和D中的three mon emotions。故選D。 3．G　根據(jù)前句unable to control your emotions(情感)和G中的anxious判斷。故G正確。 4．F　根據(jù)前文的negative emotions, unfortable和change your outward life以及F中的anxious about the work, you might get to the office an hour earlier every day判斷。故F正確。 5．E　根據(jù)前文的Taking action may relieve your anxiety和下文的By learning to stop always seeking guarantee和E中deal with any automatic thoughts in yourself判斷。故選E。 Ⅲ.語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx遼寧省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體三模) I have a daughter who just entered the 7th grade, which is known in our area __1__ one of the most awkward and socially difficult years for girls. I did not want my daughter to be someone who did things just to be popular __2__ a person confident in her own shoes and following her own likes. I have done activities for Awkward Years Project for __3__ website. Many women write a bit about themselves during the __4__(embarrass) part of their lives—how their life was and how its used out, always a positive inspiration.My daughter and her friends love checking the website and discuss __5__(happy)how they recognize the women who have shared.__6__ shared about the end of the 5th grade when my mother convinced me to cut my hair short...Oh, it turned out terribly awful just before I started middle school! I __7__(run) away at a few teases. But many years later, I realized that it made me __8__(draw)to people who became my friends because of who I was and not __9__ I looked like and...them towards me, for the same reason! I also became a mom who respected her daughters likes and graded her towards __10__(decide) but never forced them on her, especially ones that had no effect on the type of person she would be. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 文章大意：這篇文章主要敘述了自己教育女兒的心得體會，讓孩子自由成長，不強(qiáng)加給孩子一些壓力。 1．命題立意：考查介詞。 答案：as　根據(jù)be known as作為……而聞名。判斷填as。 2．命題立意：考查連詞。 答案：but　根據(jù)空后是名詞a person與前文的someone是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，作be的表語。故填but。 3．命題立意：考查冠詞。 答案：a　根據(jù)句意：我為一家網(wǎng)站做……。故填a。 4．命題立意：考查形容詞。 答案：embarrassing　根據(jù)空后的part判斷應(yīng)填embarrass的ing形式，意為“令人尷尬的”，故填embarrassing。 5．命題立意：考查副詞。 答案：happily　空前是動詞discuss，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。因此答案填happily。 6．命題立意：考查代詞。 答案：I　根據(jù)前文，是作者自己在分享……。故填I(lǐng)。 7．命題立意：考查時態(tài)。 答案：ran　根據(jù)整個語境應(yīng)填一般過去時。故填ran。 8．命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。 答案：drawn　根據(jù)空前的me是draw的動作承受者，應(yīng)用過去分詞作made的賓語補(bǔ)足語。可知填drawn。 9．命題立意：考查名詞性從句。 答案：what　根據(jù)空后的賓語從句缺少like的賓語，故填what。 10．命題立意：考查名詞。 答案：decisions　根據(jù)空前是介詞towards，應(yīng)用名詞形式，decision是可數(shù)名詞，空前無限定詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填decisions。 Ⅳ.短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (xx開封市5月模擬) Last week, when we learned the new word “slovenly”， we asked to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.” Hearing this, a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red. After class, I learned up from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped with others. My mindless words must have hurt him deeply. Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways. We should avoid hurt others if our words are not encouraging. 答案： Last week, when we learned the new word “slovenly”， we asked to make a sentence with it. I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl clothes never fit her.” Hearing this, whole class burst into laughter and my face turned red. After class, I learned up from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped others. My mindless words must have hurt deeply. Not until then I realize words could be in both positive and negative ways. We should avoid others if our words are not encouraging. 1．命題立意：考查語態(tài)。 解析：asked前加were　根據(jù)該句的主語we是asked的動作承受者，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故asked前加were。 2．命題立意：考查定語從句。 解析：who→whose　根據(jù)定語從句的先行詞是girl，clothes需要作定語的引導(dǎo)詞，只有whose可以在定語從句中作定語。故who→whose。 3．命題立意：考查冠詞。 解析：a→the　the whole class“全班學(xué)生”。故a→the。 4．命題立意：考查名詞所有格。 解析：deskmate→deskmates　根據(jù)該單詞前的my和后的face判斷應(yīng)用名詞的所有格形式。故deskmate→deskmates。 5．命題立意：考查固定短語。 解析：learn后的up去掉　learn from“向某人學(xué)習(xí)或從……中學(xué)”。故learn后的up去掉。 6．命題立意：考查介詞。 解析：with→by　被動語態(tài)的動作執(zhí)行者一般由by引出。 7．命題立意：考查代詞。 解析：him→her　前文作者的同桌是女生。 8．命題立意：考查時態(tài)。 解析：do→did　上下文語境應(yīng)用過去時。 9．命題立意：考查形容詞。 解析：powerfully→powerful　be后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語。 10．命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。 解析：hurt→hurting　avoid避免，后跟動詞的ing形式作賓語。