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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解 專題一 閱讀理解 第5講 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題即時(shí)演練 [xx重慶一中一診]The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna (稀樹(shù)草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting_the_terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat (棲息地)． It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerousopen spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters. Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations，the forests bee suitable for large hoofed plant eaters to move around and for small plant eaters to get their food as well. What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has bee an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem. 本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動(dòng)物的生存空間等。 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Disappearance of African elephants. B．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants. C．The effect of African elephants search for food. D．The eating habit of African elephants. 答案：C 考查主旨大意。本文主要講述的就是在非洲草原的生物鏈中大象的重要作用，它不斷的尋找食物拓寬了其他動(dòng)物的生存空間等。故C正確。 2．What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean? A．Fixing the time. 　　　　 B．Worsening the state. C．Improving the quality. D．Deciding the conditions. 答案：D 考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文章“As a big plant eater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna(稀樹(shù)草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.”說(shuō)明非洲大象塑造了草原的環(huán)境，也決定了其他動(dòng)物的生存條件。故D項(xiàng)正確。 3．What do we know about the open spaces in the passage? A．They result from the destruction of rain forests. B．They provide food mainly for African elephants. C．They are home to many endangered animals. D．They are attractive to planteating animals of different kinds. 答案：D 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章“This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant eaters”．說(shuō)明開(kāi)放的空間對(duì)于其他的食草動(dòng)物也很重要。故D項(xiàng)正確。 4．The passage is developed mainly by________. A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes B．pointing out similarities and differences C．describing the changes in space order D．giving examples 答案：A　考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。本文主要通過(guò)描述大象的行為帶來(lái)的具體影響以及對(duì)這些影響的原因的解釋。故A項(xiàng)正確。 1．existence n. 存在 2．desire v．/n. 欲望；要求 3．numerous adj. 許多的；很多的 4．situation n. 情況；形勢(shì) 5．vast adj. 廣闊的；巨大的 1．of great importance 很重要的 2．to a great extent 在很大程度上 3．result in 導(dǎo)致 原文：It is the elephants great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 譯文：正是大象對(duì)食物的欲望使它成為環(huán)境的破壞者和棲息地的修建者。 仿寫(xiě)：It_was_the_culture_rather_than_the_language_that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 是文化而不是語(yǔ)言，使他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。 B [xx西安下學(xué)期月考] With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before. However, every coin has two sides. Many facts suggest that children are overweightand the situation is getting worse, according to the statistics. I feel there are a number of reasons for this. Some people blame the fact that we are surroundedby shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grownups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants then probably children would buy less takeaway food. There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to bee overweight. I agree to this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives. There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their puters. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports. The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits. 本文是健康類短文，本文第一段是一個(gè)中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問(wèn)題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個(gè)原因。在文章最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)提出了解決問(wèn)題的方法。 5．What is suggested by the author to deal with “overw- eight”？ A．Blaming the shops selling unhealthy and fatty foods. B．Asking young children to walk to school every day. C．Living an active life and removing bad eating habits. D．Not watching TV or playing puter games after school. 答案：C 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as guiding them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.”可知作者給出的建議是要過(guò)著更為積極的生活而且要把一些不好的飲食習(xí)慣去除掉。故C項(xiàng)正確。 6．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 答案：B 考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。本文第一段是一個(gè)中心段，提出兒童肥胖的問(wèn)題，在2,3,4段中分別給出一個(gè)原因。在文章最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)提出了解決問(wèn)題的方法。屬于總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，故B正確。 7．The author writes the passage to________. A．show people a social problem B．provide facts for government C．a(chǎn)dvise solutions to a problem D．pare opinions with people 答案：C 考查推理判斷。本文先提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題：兒童肥胖；在2,3,4段中分析出現(xiàn)這一問(wèn)題的原因，最后一段中提出對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方法。作者寫(xiě)本文的目的是在于對(duì)一個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方法提出的建議。故C項(xiàng)正確。 8．The underlined word“diversified”in the first paragraph most probably means________. A．various B．difficult C．expensive D．a(chǎn)vailable 答案：A 考查推理判斷。根據(jù)本句“With the development of society, the choice of food and drinks for children is more diversified than ever before”可知現(xiàn)在的兒童在食物的選擇方面很豐富，同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了很大的問(wèn)題。所以本詞表示的是多種多樣的；亦可根據(jù)diversity來(lái)猜測(cè)該詞的意思與多樣化有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。 1．overweight adj. 超重的；過(guò)重的 2．statistics n. 數(shù)據(jù)；統(tǒng)計(jì) 3．blame n．/v. 責(zé)備；歸咎于 4．surround v. 包圍，圍繞 5．unhealthy adj. 不健康的 1．with the development of 隨著……的發(fā)展 2．a(chǎn) number of 許多的；大量的 3．a(chǎn)gree to 同意；接受 原文：Not only is this an unhealthy pastime, it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.(倒裝句) 譯文：這不僅僅是一種不健康的消遣方式，而且也給他們吃更多不健康食物的時(shí)間。 仿寫(xiě)：Not_only_has_she_been_late_three_times_in_the_past_ three_days,_she has also done no work. 她在過(guò)去的三天不僅遲到過(guò)三次，還沒(méi)干一點(diǎn)活。