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ORIENTATION … THE KEY BUSINESS TRENDS,Trend: The Flattening of Organizational Frameworks,“The flatter, the leaner.”,“Businesses vary in size.”,Self-employed… Small or medium… Large… Multi-national…,Adj.,,,Shamrock Organization,Core workers,Self-employed,Flexible labor,For the company,Advantages It saves money More flexible Disadvantages Not much staff loyalty No in-house style,For the core workers,Advantages High salaries Generous benefits Disadvantages Long hours Lots of pressure,For self-employed,Advantages Flexible life-style Work for lots of people Disadvantages No steady income Work for lots of people,For labor force,Advantages Not many Disadvantages Many,Accounting,Keeping financial records,‘Bookkeeping is a really common-sense way.’,Accounting,Recording income and expenditure,‘outgoings’ ‘cover the outgoings’,Accounting,Valuing assets and liabilities and so on,‘Accounting is the language of business’.,Accounting,Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting,Cost Accounting Tax Accounting ‘Creative Accounting’ Auditing (inspection and evaluation of accounts by a second set of accountants),Accountant,A professionally trained person whose job is to keep and check the financial records of an organization, or to advise people on income, spending, tax, etc.,‘I’m in accounts.’,CFO Chief Financial Officer,Financial Decisions of Households,‘You have started to save for the future and all of your savings are in a bank account. Should you invest in mutual funds? What kind of mutual funds?’,Financial Decisions of Households,‘You have decided to get an apartment. Should you buy it or lease it?’,Financial Decisions of Households,‘You are thinking about starting your own restaurant. Is it worth doing? How much money do you need to start? Where can you get the money?’,Financial Decisions of Households,Consumption and saving decisions Investment decisions Financing decisions Risk-management decisions,You are risk-taking, or risk-averse? To be short term player or buy-and-hold? Where is PE? How is it used? To rent or to buy? That’s a question. What happens to money? To raise, make, save, spend, or invest? How would you select mutual funds?,Financial Decisions of Households,Investment 2 --------------------- Consumption 4 --------------------- Saving 4 ---------------------- Insurance 1,Investment 3 --------------------- Consumption 5 --------------------- Saving 2 ---------------------- Insurance 1,CFO is in charge of the financial planning of firms.,Company Structure,Board of Directors with of Chairman (GB) or President (US),CEO (US) or MD (GB),,Company Structure,Board of Directors with of Chairman (GB) or President (US),MD (GB) or CEO (US),Production,Marketing,Finance CFO,R & D,HR,,,Accounting Financial Management,,“雙軌制”公司結構,選自《頂級財務總監(jiān)》,Board of Directors with of Chairman (GB) or President (US),,,,,CEO,CFO,,所有者監(jiān)督和功能性支持,相互配合和支持,Marketing, R&D, production, HR,Financial management,Finance is the study of how to allocate scarce resource ---“money“---over time.,What is ‘money’?,Organization…,Self-employed, freelancer, sole trader… partnership: There are no shareholders in the organization apart from us, the partners. A lot of professional people like lawyers, architecture, accountants and so on, work in partnerships.,Organization…,Limited liability “I’m the MD and main shareholder of a small electronics company in Scotland called Advanced Components Ltd. ‘Ltd’ means limited company. The other shareholders and I have limited liability: we do not have to use our personal property, such as a house or car, to pay the company’s debts.”,Organization…,PLC “I’m the CEO of a company called Megaco PLC. ‘PLC’ means public limited company, so anybody can buy and sell shares in Megaco on the stock market.” Inc. “I’m CEO of Bigbucks Inc. ‘Inc’ stands for Incorporated. This shows that we are a corporation, a term used especially for companies with limited liability.”,,Baleno Holdings Limited Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc HSBC HOLDINGS PLC （匯豐控股有限公司）,In practice…,Large company Small company Public servant Self-employment,,goodgoodstudybec3@ 20091121,