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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解 專(zhuān)題一 閱讀理解 第1講 細(xì)節(jié)理解類(lèi)素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx河北省石家莊一模]munication is an important part of any relationship. Many of us are___1___to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. But when its our turn to lend a(n) ___2___，we soon bee bored or are short of idea on how to ___3___ and offer advice. Thats because of what researchers call “l(fā)istener burnout (倦怠)”. A friend might talk to us___4___， often plaining about the same___5___problems. When we offer quick advice to ___6___ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to___7___ourselves from burnout. However, good listeners___8___their natural tendency to solve the others problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief. To be a good___9___，you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real ___10___ to help others and think through their feelings. Dont ___11___ things. You can start by putting your phone ___12___ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions ___13___ what he or she is saying. ___14___ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other persons ___15___ by reflecting them back: “That must be really hard for you.” Use___16___ words or even sounds such as “yes”， “right”， and “hmm” to ___17___ the other person to continue. Of course, a ___18___can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical. But dont get defensive. Effective listeners dont ___19___negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey ___20___ responding. 交流溝通是人際交往關(guān)系中重要的一部分。而在這個(gè)交流溝通的過(guò)程中，如何當(dāng)好一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者呢？作者將結(jié)合實(shí)例給我們答案。 1．A.afraid B．hesitant C．shy D．eager 答案：D　由句內(nèi)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)推斷出用eager，因?yàn)橛小皊hare our experiences or emotions with our friends”。 2．A.shoulder B．hand C．ear D．eye 答案：C　由“But”轉(zhuǎn)折引出作者要表達(dá)的主題及觀點(diǎn)，當(dāng)我們變成一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者時(shí)，往往沒(méi)有足夠的耐心并給予對(duì)方好的建議。故lend an ear“供給別人一個(gè)耳朵”，即為一個(gè)傾聽(tīng)者，要聯(lián)系下文。 3．A.respond B．explain C．a(chǎn)rgue D．quit 答案：A　見(jiàn)上題解釋?zhuān)拔恼伦詈笠痪湓?huà)的提示詞“responding”。 4．A.aimlessly B．endlessly C．deliberately D．cautiously 答案：B 5．A.difficult B．old C．a(chǎn)cute D．sensitive 答案：B　由本句的結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯內(nèi)容知道；“a friend..., often plaining about the same ____5____ problems.”故朋友常向我們提起的是同一個(gè)舊問(wèn)題，同一個(gè)舊話(huà)題。 6．A.fix B．discuss C．create D．describe 答案：A　“fix the situation”解決這種困境，是為了避免讓自己陷入“聽(tīng)者倦怠”的困境中去。 7．A.forgive B．protect C．discourage D．prevent 答案：B　見(jiàn)上題解析。protect sb. from sth./doing sth.“保護(hù)某人免遭……危害”，prevent sb. from sth./doing sth.“阻止某人干某事”。 8．A.follow B．display C．form D．overe 答案：D　“However”，轉(zhuǎn)折引出好的傾聽(tīng)者的做法是能夠克服自己快速給出別人建議的這種傾向，并保持談話(huà)簡(jiǎn)短。 9．A.reader B．partner C．listener D．speaker 答案：C　上文解析。 10．A.demand B．habit C．desire D．a(chǎn)bility 答案：C　積極的傾聽(tīng)開(kāi)始于你真正想幫助別人并考慮別人的感受的那種愿望。 11．A.skip B．rush C．overlook D．postpone 答案：B　“Dont rush things”別倉(cāng)促行事，由本段后面的內(nèi)容可知，好的傾聽(tīng)者“能夠用自己的面部表情及肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)回應(yīng)談話(huà)的對(duì)方，故應(yīng)先放下手頭的工作”。 12．A.away B．off C．out D．up 答案：A　put sth. away“把某物收起來(lái)”；put off“取消，推遲”；put out“清除垃圾，熄滅”；put up“提出建議，張貼，留宿某人”。 13．A.record B．restrict C．reflect D．replace 答案：C　由下文第15個(gè)空后“____15____ by reflecting”提示可知填reflect“反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)”。 14．A.Whether B．Since C．While D．If 答案：A　考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)“whether在這里引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句”別管你是否理解別人的感受，你都要首先承認(rèn)別人的感受。 15．A.suggestions B．purposes C．responses D．feelings 答案：D　上文解析。 16．A.big B．tough C．strong D．short 答案：D　由“yes” “right” “hmm”等看出是簡(jiǎn)短的話(huà)。 17．A.force B．remind C．encourage D．convince 答案：C　說(shuō)這些簡(jiǎn)短的話(huà)是告知對(duì)方他在認(rèn)真聽(tīng)并鼓勵(lì)對(duì)方把話(huà)說(shuō)完。 18．A.conversation B．suggestion C．problem D．lecture 答案：A　由文章主題選出。 19．A.give up B．make up C．leave out D．block out 答案：D　指好的傾聽(tīng)者在傾聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中不只給出好的建議，還會(huì)指出對(duì)方的不足及缺點(diǎn)。block out指“隱藏(不愉快的事情)”。 20．A.after B．before C．while D．once 答案：B　指好的傾聽(tīng)者在做出回應(yīng)之前就已經(jīng)聽(tīng)懂并理解了對(duì)方要表達(dá)的信息和情感了。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 [xx遼寧五校聯(lián)考]As globalization continues to make the world a smaller place, and goods bee more accessible across borders, concerns about food safety in the AsiaPacific region have steadily risen over the years. An APEC forum is being held in Beijing, to find ways to better address the problem. 156 participants from 19 APEC economies and 4 nonAPEC members attended the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum. Created 7 years ago, the forum has been actively looking for ways to strengthen food safety standard in the region, without affecting trade. “As consumers are faced with more varieties of food, the potential food safety risk also bees bigger. This forum has helped APEC economies to cooperate in supervision (監(jiān)督), exchange information, and improve the overall food safety standard in the AsiaPacific region，”said director of Chinas General Administration of Quality Supervision Wu Qinghai. For the first time the forum has brought together highlevel regulators, academics, and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision. They say governments alone cannot shoulder this heavy duty. In China, the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers confidence in domestic products; therefore more turned to imports. However, problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show. In July this year, more than 400 batches (批) of food imports from 35 countries and regions were found substandard by the countrys top quality supervisor. Governments and industries have been brought closer by this forum. As food moves more freely beyond borders, this forum is hoped to promote safety control cooperation, so APEC members can better benefit from the economic integration (經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化)． 通過(guò)APEC論壇，各國(guó)之間將更加密切地合作，食品安全問(wèn)題將得到更有效的監(jiān)管和處理，各成員國(guó)都會(huì)從中受益。 1．What kind of function can the forum play? A．It has greatly influenced the economy in the area. B．It has long been able to put every sides efforts together. C．It helps to bring government regulators and industries together. D．It has found ways to deal with safety problems. 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“the forum has brought together highlevel regulators, academics, and industry stakeholders to talk about their respective roles in safety supervision”可知，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 2．The last but one paragraph tells us that________. A．the Chinese customers are more satisfied with their food safety B．food imported from other countries are indeed high in quality C．many Chinese customers would rather buy some foreign food D．there are only 35 countries and regions exporting food to China 答案：C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“the continuous food safety problems have greatly hurt consumers confidence in domestic products; therefore more turned to imports. However, problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show”可知，連續(xù)的國(guó)內(nèi)食品安全問(wèn)題打擊了消費(fèi)者的信心，他們更加愿意買(mǎi)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，但是進(jìn)口食品的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題也開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn)，即C項(xiàng)正確，A、B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文中第五段的最后一句表示來(lái)自35個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的超過(guò)400批次的進(jìn)口食品不達(dá)標(biāo)而非只有35個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)向中國(guó)出口食品，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 3．The underlined word “address” in the first paragraph can be replaced by “________”． A．send a letter about B．deal with C．deliver a speech on D．call off 答案：B 考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)全文大意可知，各國(guó)通過(guò)APEC論壇加強(qiáng)合作，積極尋求更好的方法來(lái)解決食品安全問(wèn)題。由此可推知，B項(xiàng)“處理，解決”與address含義相近。 4．According to the article, which of the following statements is wrong? A．People can buy foreign food more easily than ever. B．The more varieties of food, the bigger the potential food safety risk. C．Food safety problems have appeared many times before this forum. D．Governments have started their cooperation with academies and industries before this forum. 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“and goods bee more accessible across borders, concerns about food safety in the AsiaPacific region have steadily risen over the years”可知，A、C項(xiàng)表述正確；根據(jù)第三段中的“As consumers are faced with more varieties of food, the potential food safety risk also bees bigger”可知，B項(xiàng)表述正確；D項(xiàng)與第四段的第一句不符，故選D項(xiàng)。 1．a(chǎn)ccessible adj. 易接近的；可進(jìn)入的 2．steadily adv. 平穩(wěn)地，穩(wěn)定地 3．potential n．/adj. 潛力；潛在的 4．exchange vt./n. 交換，兌換 5．import v．/n. 進(jìn)口，輸入 1．be faced with 面對(duì)，面臨 2．for the first time 首次；第一次 3．benefit from 從……中受益 原文：However, problems related to quality of those imported goods also began to show.(分詞作定語(yǔ)) 譯文：然而，與那些進(jìn)口商品相關(guān)的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題逐漸顯示出來(lái)。 仿寫(xiě)：Dont use words, expressions or phrases known_only_to_people_with_specific_knowledge. 不要運(yùn)用只有具有特定知識(shí)的人才知道的詞匯和表達(dá)方式。 B [xx甘肅蘭州雙基考試] Basic Study Manual　 Hardcover: $37.50 Future success depends on the ability to learn. Here are the answers to the questions most often asked by parents, teachers, business trainers and by students themselves. Read this book and learn： What the three barriers to study are and what to do about them What to do if you get tired of the subject you are studying Twentysix simple drills to help you learn how to study easily, rapidly and with full understanding Buy and read Basic Study Manual and use it to dramatically improve your ability to study. Study Skills for LifeHardcover: $31.99 L．Ron Hubbards study technology for teenagers opens the door to their future success by giving them the ability to study and learn, fully illustrated for easy prehension. Learning How to LearnHardcover：$24.99 The basics of effective study for 8to 12yearolds is fully illustrated. Children who read and apply the materials in this book regain their liking for study and their ability to apply this knowledge to life. Get this book for a child you want to see wins at his studies! How to Use a Dictionary: Picture Book for ChildrenHardcover: $34.90 In spite of millions of dollars spent on “educational research”， children are not taught the most basic skills of learning even the most basic of these: how to use a dictionary. In fact, a search of educational books for children found no book that told them how to use a dictionary or that one should. Written for children from 8 to 12 years old, this fully illustrated book will teach your children： How to find words in a dictionary The different ways that words are used What the different marks and symbols that are used in a dictionary mean How to use a dictionary to correctly pronounce words It includes a section for parents and teachers showing you how to use this book with children. Buy this book and give it to your children to unlock their education. Whats more, youll just pay 50% for it before May 1, xx. 本文是一篇廣告，主要向讀者推薦了四本書(shū)。 5．Some information of the four books was illustrated in order to________. A．reduce the cost of them B．a(chǎn)ppeal to readers of all ages C．help readers understand them D．make them suitable for different readers 答案：C　考查推理判斷。本文是一篇關(guān)于四本書(shū)的推薦廣告，對(duì)這四本書(shū)的介紹，有助于讀者對(duì)它們有所了解，從而有選擇性地購(gòu)買(mǎi)，故選C項(xiàng)。 6．What do the four books have in mon? A．They are all for 8to 12yearolds. B．They are all written by L. Ron Hubbard. C．They are all study books. D．They are all based on educational research. 答案：C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)這四本書(shū)的書(shū)名以及相關(guān)介紹可推知，這四本書(shū)都是與學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的，故選C項(xiàng)。 7．If you buy the four books on April 1, xx, you will have to pay________for them. A．$129.38 B．$64.69 C．$34.90 D．$111.93 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)每本書(shū)的價(jià)格和文章的最后一段可知，前三本書(shū)是原價(jià)，而第四本書(shū)在xx年5月1號(hào)前購(gòu)買(mǎi)是半價(jià)，那么四本的總價(jià)應(yīng)該是：$37.50＋$31.99＋$24.99＋$34.9050%＝$111.93，故選D項(xiàng)。 8．The purpose of the passage is to________. A．introduce the four books to readers B．help children to learn English C．sell the four books to students D．enrich students knowledge about nature 答案：A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文是一篇關(guān)于四本書(shū)的推薦廣告，目的是給讀者推薦幾本書(shū)，故選A項(xiàng)。 1．barrier n. 障礙；界線(xiàn)　 2.drill n．/v. 鉆孔；訓(xùn)練 3．illustrate vt. 闡明；圖解 4.apply vi./vt. 運(yùn)用；申請(qǐng) 5．basic adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 1．depend on 依賴(lài)；取決于 2.get tired of 厭煩 3．in spite of 盡管；不管 原文：It includes a section for parents and teachers showing you how to use this book with children.(疑＋to do) 譯文：該書(shū)包括專(zhuān)門(mén)為家長(zhǎng)和老師的一部分，向你展示如何與孩子們一起使用該書(shū)。 仿寫(xiě)：She couldnt think what_to_give_the_children_for_the_ Christmas_presents. 她想不出圣誕節(jié)該送孩子們什么禮物。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 [xx貴州七校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting___1___my car broke down near a remote village. Cursing my___2___(fortune), I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me ___3___ (argue) as to who should have the honour of receiving me ___4___ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of ___5___ 80yearold peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse ___6___ my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away ___7___ there was a garage. I had noticed three hens___8___(run) free in my hostess courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. Other villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked ___9___(merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I ___10___ (cause) her. But she refused. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ “我”在去Taiyetos Mountains的途中車(chē)子壞了，這時(shí)熱情的村民幫助了“我”。 1．when 考查連詞。太陽(yáng)正要落山時(shí)“我”的車(chē)拋錨在一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊附近。 2．misfortune考查名詞?！拔摇敝淞R自己的不幸。 3．were arguing考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“村民們圍著我在爭(zhēng)論誰(shuí)會(huì)很榮幸地邀請(qǐng)到我這位客人”。 4．a(chǎn)s考查介詞。as a guest“作為客人”。 5．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。此處表示一位80歲的農(nóng)婦。因?yàn)?0的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，所以用an。 6．to考查介詞。村長(zhǎng)把他的馬綁到“我”的汽車(chē)上，將汽車(chē)?yán)ヒ粋€(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的汽車(chē)修理廠(chǎng)。 7．where考查定語(yǔ)從句。a small town作先行詞，所填詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 8．running考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。notice sb./sth. doing sth.“注意到某人或某物正在做某事”，此處表示“我”看到三只母雞在女主人家的院子里跑著，結(jié)果晚上其中的一只就成了“我”桌子上的菜了。 9．merrily考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞talked應(yīng)用副詞。 10．had caused考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)?！皫?lái)麻煩”發(fā)生在“想報(bào)答”之前，為過(guò)去的過(guò)去，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。句意：“我”想報(bào)答那位老婦人，因?yàn)椤拔摇苯o她帶來(lái)了麻煩，但是她拒絕了。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) [xx云南師大附中適應(yīng)考試]Alibaba founder Jack Ma, his pany has been valued at more than $221 billion of which Ma owned 6%, is put in the top position among Chinas wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the worlds 10 rich people. Fought against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency in which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change before he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, in a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting obvious proved to be a turning point for all of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang. 答案： Alibaba founder Jack Ma, pany has been valued at more than $221 billion of which Ma 6%, is put in the top position among Chinas wealthiest. But he stays outside the list of the worlds 10 people. against a hard life, young Ma still managed to learn English well enough to gain a degree and became a teacher. Afterwards he started a translation agency which took him to the US, where he introduced to the Internet. His fate was bound to change he was accidentally appointed to take an American visitor Jerry Yang, a cofounder of Yahoo, a tour of the Great Wall. The meeting proved to be a turning point for of them, promoting the birth of Alibaba and the later cooperation with Jerry Yang.