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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識聚焦 Unit 4 Global warming習(xí)題 新人教版選修6 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (xx江南十校聯(lián)考) Hasifa Nakaziba, a member of seven, has relied on farming corn and beans to support her family for years. But each year she would lose 30% of her harvest as pests affected her grain, taking their share of the food before it reached the dinner table “From nowhere rats, chickens and insects would e and eat it，” said Nakaziba, who lives in Nambale village, about 85 miles east of the capital, Kampala. Like many farmers, Nakaziba, 47, lacked some drying facilities(設(shè)施) for the grain and so would dry it on the ground before storage, unaware that this could lead to deadly destruction of the grain. Her inability to safely store her harvest also forced her to sell her grain early, which meant Nakaziba received a very low price from the local market. “It affected our ine, food security and also the education of our children，” she says. Then in xx Nakazibas life changed. She received training in postharvest handling from the UNs World Food Programme(WFP), which launched an operation designed to reduce postharvest food losses for 16,600 lowine farmers in Uganda by providing them with simple storage facilities, such as granaries and grain storage bags. In a workshop, Nakaziba learned how to improve her farm management practices and purchase new technology storage and handling equipment. Today a huge airtight granary allowing Nakaziba to safely store more than 500 kg of grain for as long as she desires, for family consumption or sale, sits in a corner of her modest home. 文章大意：由于聯(lián)合國世界計(jì)劃署的計(jì)劃，一個坎波拉的農(nóng)民在如何收藏糧食谷物方面獲得了實(shí)惠。 1．Why would Nakazibas harvest drop by 30% each year? A．Because she received little education. B．Because she sold her grain at a low price. C．Because some pests took their share of the food. D．Because the harvest was unable to be stored safely. 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“But each year she would lose 30% of her harvest as pests affected her grain, taking their share of the food before it reached the dinner table.”可知，選C。 2．What can we infer from the text? A．Nakaziba benefits from training in postharvest handling from the WFP. B．Nakaziba prefers to dry grain on the ground before storage. C．Nakazibas food security depends on the high ine. D．Nakaziba sells her grain earlier than others every year. 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“he received training in postharvest handling from the UNs World Food Programme(WFP), which launched an operation designed to reduce postharvest food losses for 16,600 lowine farmers in Uganda by providing them with simple storage facilities”可知，選A。 3．What dose the underlined word “granaries” in paragraph 5 mean? A．places for laying equipment B．large houses for storing grain C．machines used for harvesting D．ways to reduce food losses 答案：B　猜測詞義題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Today a huge airtight granary allowing Nakaziba to safely store more than...”可知，選B。 B (xx深圳一調(diào)) An absolute description of the threat hanging over the worlds mammals, reptiles, amphibians (哺乳、爬行、兩棲動物) and other life forms has been published by the wellknown scientific journal, Nature. A special analysis carried out by the journal indicates that an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened. Many species are already critically endangered and close to extinction, including the Sumatran elephant, Amur leopard and mountain gorilla. But also in danger of vanishing from the wild, it now appears, are animals that are currently rated as merely being endangered. In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities. The continuing spread of agriculture is destroying millions of hectares of wild habitats(棲息地) every year, leaving animals without homes, while the introduction of newlye species, often helped by humans, is also damaging native populations. At the same time, pollution and overfishing are destroying ocean ecosystems. “Habitat destruction, pollution or overfishing either kills off wild creatures and plants or leaves them badly weakened，” said Derek Tittensor, an ocean ecologist at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge. “The trouble is that in ing decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will bee more and more mon and could then kill off these survivors.” The problem, according to Nature, is worsened because of the huge gaps in scientists knowledge about the planets biodiversity. Evaluations of the total number of species of animals and plants alive vary from 2 million to 50 million. In addition, evaluations of current rates of species disappearances vary from 500 to 36,000 a year. “That is the real problem we face，” added Tittensor. “The scale of uncertainty is huge.” In the end, however, the data indicate that the world is heading cruelly towards a mass extinction—which is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more. This could arrive in less than a hundred years or could take a thousand, depending on extinction rates. 文章大意：這是一篇科普文。世界著名科學(xué)雜志《自然》作了一個特別分析，用一些驚人的數(shù)據(jù)說明世界上一些動植物正面臨滅絕，同時指出，造成滅絕的直接原因是人類的破壞活動。 4．Whats the main idea of the first two paragraphs? A．Figures about some wild animals are astonishing. B．“Nature” is the famous journal around the world. C．Many endangered species are close to extinction. D．Some rare species have appeared around the world. 答案：C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened”以及第二段中的“Many species are already critically endangered and close to extinction”可知，許多動物面臨滅絕的困境。故答案為C。 5．The direct reason for the extinction of some species is ________. A．continuous appearance of new species B．destructive activities of human beings C．more and more homeless animals D．the great change of ocean ecosystems 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities”可知，在每一種情況下，人類的活動都是應(yīng)該直接遭到責(zé)備的，也就是說，人類的活動是一些動物滅絕的直接原因。故答案為B。 6．From paragraph 4 we know that another future threat is ________. A．destruction of habitats B．overfishing and pollution C．the worsening climate change D．killing off wild creatures and plants 答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“The trouble is that in ing decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will bee more and more mon and could then kill of these survivors”可知，不斷惡化的氣候變化是一個未來威脅。故答案為C。 7．What does “This” in the last sentence refer to? A．mass extinction B．extinction rates C．extinction time D．75% of species or more 答案：A　代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，This指的是上句中的“a mass extinction—which is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more”， mass extinction意思是“大量消亡，大滅絕”。故答案為A。 Ⅱ.七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。 3－2－1 GREEN! You already know an environmentalists three Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle. __1__ Here are three things you can do for the Earth Day. Be a real cutup The next time youre about to throw out the plastic rings that hold a sixpack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors. As a young turtle, Peanut got stuck in one of those rings. As she grew, the ring stayed put(原地不動), forcing her shell to grow around it. By the time someone found her and cut her free, her shell was permanently deformed(成畸形的). Thanks to her hard shell, Peanut is alive and well. She now lives at a nature center in Missouri. But most animals that get caught in sixpack rings die. WHAT YOU CAN DO Easy! __2__ Hunt for vampires(吸血鬼) You know all those electronic inventions you ve got at home? Even when you switch them off, theyre really still on. __3__ Anything with a glowing LED off/on light, a remote control, or a clock display is always on. WHAT YOU CAN DO Just pull out the plugs or tap the OFF switch till you really need the electronics. __4__ Matt Damon really cares about clean water. So in February, he announced that he was going on strike against toilets. “Until everybody has access to clean water and sanitation，” he said. “I will not go to the bathroom！” He was kidding but to make a serious point. Around the world, he said, “780 million people lack access to clean water; 2.5 billion people lack access to a toilet.” WHAT YOU CAN DO __5__ Just dont waste water. Dont run the water while brushing your teeth. Take shorter showers. A．Get water wise B．How to recognize vampire electronics? C．Cut the rings apart before you trash them. D．Use toilets less E．But how else can you help. F．No need to go on a toilet strike. G．Do things that can help with good living conditions. 文章大意：本文是說明文。你能為綠色環(huán)保生活做什么？文章告訴你的3件事你一定能做到。 1．E　注意前后兩句中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的you，以及下文出現(xiàn)的WHAT YOU CAN DO。很明顯，文章的中心思想是讓“你”能夠做到文章中提到的3點(diǎn)，因此答案為E。本題容易錯選G，其在銜接前后兩句時并不顯得突兀，但其含義卻有失偏頗，提到的僅僅是生活條件，與主題不符，故不選C。 2．C　對比下文中兩個WHAT YOU CAN DO可知，設(shè)空處提出的是具體的解決辦法。本題指怎樣做才能避免像海龜Peanut一樣的悲劇，因此答案為C。 3．B　這里用vampire比喻那些被忽略的耗電設(shè)備，B切題。 4．A　這里缺一個標(biāo)題，由后面的內(nèi)容可知，節(jié)約用水是中心思想。美國影星Matt Damon通過自己的例子告訴大家不要浪費(fèi)水，因此答案為A。 5．F　本題干擾項(xiàng)較多，選擇正確答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是節(jié)約用水，同時注意后一句中出現(xiàn)的Just一詞，這里提示與設(shè)空處的語意有一定的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可以篩選出正確答案為F。 Ⅲ.短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (xx甘肅省二診) Recently, smog weather has became more and more serious in parts of China. People forced to wear masks to avoid breathe poisonous air. To settle this problem, the series of measures should be taken. First, we should enact(頒布) more strict law on environmental protection to regulate the industrial production and punish those factories what ignore the protection. Second, we should develop environmentallyfriendly products to improve air quality. Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit by using green products or saving energy. In my opinion, if we all act together, their environment will bee more better. 答案： Recently, smog weather has more and more serious in parts of China. People forced to wear masks to avoid poisonous air. To settle this problem, series of measures should be taken. First, we should enact(頒布) more strict on environmental protection to regulate the industrial production and punish those factories ignore the protection. Second, we should develop environmentallyfriendly products to improve air quality. Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit using green products saving energy. In my opinion, if we all act together, environment will bee moremore或改為much better. 文章大意：霧霾天氣越來越多，我們應(yīng)采取措施，行動起來。 1．命題立意：考查時態(tài)。 解析：became→ bee　bee的過去分詞形式是原形。 2．命題立意：考查被動語態(tài)。 解析：forced前加are 　people是force的動作承受者，故forced前加are。 3．命題立意：考查非謂語動詞。 解析：breathe→breathing　avoid避免，后跟ving形式作賓語，故breathe → breathing。 4．命題立意：考查冠詞。 解析：the→a　a series of一系列。故the→a。 5．命題立意：考查名詞。 解析：law→laws　law是可數(shù)名詞，無限定詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故law→laws。 6．命題立意：考查定語從句。 解析：what→that/which　what不引導(dǎo)定語從句，定語從句中缺少主語，先行詞為factories，故what→that/which。 7．命題立意：考查介詞用法。 解析：by→of　form a habit of 養(yǎng)成一種……的習(xí)慣，故by→of。 8．命題立意：考查連詞。 解析：or→and　or前后是并列關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系。故or→and。 9．命題立意：考查代詞。 解析：their→our　根據(jù)從句的主語是we，應(yīng)用our作environment的限定詞。故their → our。 10．命題立意：考查副詞。 解析：去掉more或more→much　根據(jù)more本身是比較級，可與多音節(jié)詞一起構(gòu)成比較級，但不可修飾比較級。故去掉more或more→much。