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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 題型專題方略 專題一 閱讀理解 第五講 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題課堂達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練 The other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.She was very welldressed，carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied makeup indeed，she had an unmistakable air of wealth，material success and even authority.I suspected she worked as a highlypaid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort.So，I was curious to see what she was so focused on.The Wall Street Journal perhaps? The Economist? Quite the contrary；rather，she was concentrating on a romance novel.Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novels—smart，attractive，successful，“l(fā)iberated，” modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyperromantic，artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome，manly heroes falling in love with virginal women，enduring a series of adventures，then no doubt having a happy ending. These_romance_stories_are_to_literature_what_hot_dogs_are_to_fine_food.Yet，the genre(體裁) remains enormously popular.Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America (RWA)：　 *More than 9，000 romance titles were released last year，with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction)． *More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay，that’s not at all surprising)． * Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure)． *Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual ine of between $50，000 and $99，900 (placing them firmly in the middle class)． I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market，so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity.But I must wonder why so many women—forty years after the women’s liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales? I’m not sure if it represents a kind of “rejection” of the women’s liberation movement，but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies.A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way：“Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy.When a lady entered the room，gentlemen stood，doffed their hats，offered an arm，bowed，and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.But they were also very athletic；they hunted，raced，boxed，rode horses.They were manly.Strong.Noble.Honorable.And that is why I love them！” Mrs.Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peers—that is，in the early 21st century，have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms” they have gained give them? Is this a rejection of modern feminism? Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions? Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious，________． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　落難少女情結(jié)：現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后。 1．What is the function of the opening paragraph? A．To summarize the whole passage. B．To prove the author’s argument. C．To lead in the main topic of the passage. D．To raise problems that will be solved later. 解析：選C。推理判斷題。本文第一段講述的是作者在地鐵上的一次偶遇，由此引出下文對“現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后”的深思。即第一段為引子，引出文章的話題。故該題正確答案為C。 2．What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply? A．Romance novels are satisfying and thrilling. B．Romance novels are not of much “nutrition”． C．Romance novels are as popular as hot dogs. D．Romance novels are an essential part of contemporary life. 解析：選B。句意推測題。因為“A is to B what C is to D．”：A之于B就像C對于D一樣。故該句句意應(yīng)為：言情小說對于文學(xué)而言就像熱狗對于好的食物一樣。且根據(jù)有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的下句：但是言情小說卻非常流行?？芍?，該句應(yīng)是用貶義詞來描述言情小說，說其沒有營養(yǎng)，故該題正確答案為B。 3．In the author’s opinion，what is missing in the lives of contemporary women? A．Authority.　　　　　　 B．Dignity. C．Liberty. D．Care. 解析：選D。推理判斷題。A.Authority威信；B.Dignity尊嚴(yán)；C.Liberty自由；D.Care關(guān)愛。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段可推知，作者認(rèn)為在當(dāng)代女性生活中逐漸消失的是D.Care關(guān)愛。 4．Which sentence can be put in the blank in the last paragraph? A．they prefer tales of innocent romance to classics B．they are unhappy with how the world has turned out C．true love described in romance novels does exist in reality D．romance novels provide them with an access to society 解析：選B。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。該題重在尋找關(guān)聯(lián)詞和關(guān)鍵詞。該句中的連詞but及選項B中的unhappy是該題的關(guān)鍵點。故該題正確答案為B。 B (xx高考陜西卷) The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance. On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物種) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out. On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威脅) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the world’s groundwater. Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (種植園) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions. It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文?？Х榷沟男碌姆N植技術(shù)帶來了很大的利潤，但與此同時也給我們帶來了很多危害，影響我們生活的各個層面，因此我們要作出正確的選擇。 5．What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4? A．It limits the spread of new growing techniques. B．It leads to air pollution and global warming. C．It slows down the loss of shade trees. D．It improves local soil conditions. 解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中的．..the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知B項正確。由第四段第一句可知，是擴大了而不是限制了新種植技術(shù)的傳播，故A項錯誤；它破壞了雨林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，而不是減慢了這些樹的喪失速度，故C項錯誤；由第四段最后一句可知，這種新的種植技術(shù)導(dǎo)致了酸性土壤狀況而不是改進(jìn)了土壤狀況，故D項錯誤。 6．The purpose of the text is to ________． A．entertain B．a(chǎn)dvertise C．instruct D．persuade 解析：選D。觀點態(tài)度題。通讀全文可知，本文向大家介紹咖啡豆的新的種植技術(shù)所帶來的不良影響，旨在說服大家作出正確的選擇，故選D項persuade(說服)。 entertain娛樂，advertise做廣告，instruct指導(dǎo)，均不合適。 7．Where does this text probably e from? A．An agricultural magazine. B．A medical journal. C．An engineering textbook. D．A tourist guide. 解析：選A。推理判斷題。 本文向大家介紹咖啡豆的新的種植技術(shù)所帶來的不良影響，這屬于農(nóng)學(xué)的范疇，因此最有可能出自一本農(nóng)學(xué)雜志，故選A項。B項A medical journal(一本醫(yī)學(xué)雜志)，C項An engineering textbook(一本工程教科書)，D項A tourist guide(一本旅行指南)，均不正確。 8．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? 　 A．　　　　　　　　　B. 　 C．　　　　　　　　　D. (P：Paragraph) 解析：選A。文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段從整體上介紹咖啡豆的新的種植技術(shù)帶來的危害，中間第二、三、四段詳細(xì)介紹了具體的危害，最后一段介紹這種新的種植技術(shù)影響我們生活的各個層面，消費者要作出正確的選擇。因此，整篇文章屬于“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A項。