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基本時態(tài)構(gòu)成,,,The Past Perfect Tense,過去完成時態(tài),1.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 Our teacher has left. We have studied English. I have already finished the homework. He has had his lunch. He has become a doctor.,have/has+過去分詞,2.某個動作從過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還有可能持續(xù)到將來.動作的持續(xù)性要通過一段時間來表示.,一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種: for: +一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years,Since 過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.,,,注意:for 和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for one week.,,,對劃線部分提問都用How long,現(xiàn)在完成時：,助動詞have / has + 過去分詞,過去完成時：,助動詞had + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成？,我認(rèn)識他三年了。,I have known him for three years.,I had known him when I was a student.,我當(dāng)學(xué)生時，就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識他了。,had known,have known,was,我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。,表示在說話時已經(jīng)做完。,,I have finished my home-work.,,在六點以前，我就已經(jīng)完 成作業(yè)了。,By six o’clock, I had finished my homework.,表示在過去的某一段時間（six o’clock 以前）已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。,,他們已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。,在他們到旅館之前他們已 經(jīng)吃過早飯了。,They have already had breakfast.,They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.,我從未看過如此令人興奮 的比賽,他說他從未看過如此令人 興奮的比賽。,I have never seen such an exciting match before!,He said that he had never seen such an exciting match before!,過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時二者用法基本相同，但現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在時間為基點，過去完成時則以過去的時間為基點，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，即過去的過去。過去完成時常用于賓語從句中;,Summary,結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞 had + p.p.(過去分詞),用法：表示過去某一時間和動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成 了的動作或一直持續(xù)的動作(過去的過去)。,By the end of last term, we had learned 600 English words. He said he had finished his homework. The film had already begun when we got to the cinema. I had studied English before I came here. When I came to GZ , he had been there for a long time.,過去完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志：,和 by + 過去時間點連用, 如： by the time, by then, by last year, by the end of last year/month…, by five o’clock yesterday evening…,By the end of last term, they ____________(learn) 10 English words.,2. 和before + 過去時間點連用,We ____________(arrive) the station before ten o’clock.,had arrived,3. 常用于賓語從句中,She said that she ______________(write) three e-mails.,had written,4. 和when, before, after, as soon as, until/till等引導(dǎo)的狀語 從句連用或用于從句中,The airplane _______ already _______(leave) when I got to the airport.,5. 根據(jù)上下文判斷,I went to Li Hong’s house, but he ____________(go) out.,had left,had gone,Last night, as soon as I _______________ (finish) my work, I went to sleep.,had finished,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,He said that he ___________ (write) that letter. Before he arrived, the train __________(leave). By then, they ____________ (work)for eight hours. When she got to the cinema, the film ____ already ____ (be) on for 15 minutes. Mary told me she ___________(meet) my mother before. By six o’clock yesterday evening, I ____________(finish) my homework. I went to Li Hong’s house, but he ____________(go) out. We __________(arrive) at the station before two o’clock.,had written,had left,had worked,had been,had met,had finished,had gone,had arrived,1. After he ______________ (finish) his work, he went out.,finished,2. Annie told me that his father ____________ ( go ) to Paris and he ____________ ( come ) back in a few days.,had gone,would come,3. My friend __________ (buy) the car two years ago. He _____________ (have) it for two years.,bought,has had,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,4. Before they arrived here, the film _________ already ___________ (start).,had,started,Fill in each blank with the proper verb form:,A: ________ you ___________(finish) your homework? B: Yes, I have. A: What had you done before you finished your homework? B: I _____________(watch) TV. A: What ______ you _______(do) now? B: I _____________(write) a letter to my friend Tom. A: _____ you often ________(write) to him? B: Yes. And he often ________(write) to me. I _______(get) a letter from him yesterday. So I ____________(answer) his letter now. A: When ________ you ________(post) it? B: I _________(post) it as soon as I ________(finish) writing.,Have finished,had watched,are doing,am writing,Do write,writes,will post,got,am answering,will post,finish,1. 過去完成時態(tài)的肯定式，否定式，疑問式和簡短回答：,I had had my breakfast before six o’clock this morning.,I hadn’t had my homework before six o’clock this morning,Had you had your breakfast before six o’clock this …?,Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t.,She had left when got there. She hadn’t left when I got there. Had she left when you got there? Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.,學(xué)習(xí)過去完成時需注意的兩個問題：,2. 如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則通常不用過去完成時， 用過去時態(tài)即可。,I saw them reading books when I came into the classroom. After I finished my homework, I went out to play.,