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語法課堂,上一頁,現在完成時,下一頁,主菜單,現在完成時,,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,,現在完成時的構成,現在完成時的主要用法,現在完成時的時間狀語及動詞過去分詞,短暫性動詞與時間段的關系,have been 與have gone 比較,與一般過去時的用法比較,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已經) cleaned them.,現在完成時的構成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,主語+have (has）+ 過去分詞,例句：,I have already had lunch. Have you had lunch yet? Yes, I have. No, I havent. I havent had lunch yet. He has gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館。,現在完成時的基本句型：,肯定式：主語 + 助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞. 疑問式：助動詞Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞? 否定式: 主語 + 助動詞have/has + not + 動詞的過去分詞.,現在完成時的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,-- It’s so dark. --Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關了,對現在造成的結果是:現在很黑),-- Are you free? --I have finished my homework. I am free. (我已經完成了家庭作業(yè),對現在造成的結果是很有空),主菜單,用法1. 表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對現在造成的結果或影響。 (與一般過去時對比，一般過去時強調的是發(fā)生在過去的動作而現在完成時強調的是現在的結果或影響。),現在完成時的主要用法,,用法2. 動作發(fā)生在過去，并且一直延續(xù)到現在，甚至還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。 I have lived here for 3 years. He has taught English since 2001.,3.表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經歷.,上一頁,下一頁,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過頤和園) Mary has gone to BeiJing with her mother(去了),I have never had a car. (我從未有過汽車。),現在完成時的主要用法,主菜單,現在完成時的時間狀語,◆常與①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑩these days, ⑾since ⑿for a long time 連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,12,動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則,規(guī)則變化： 一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted 以不發(fā)音的 -e 結尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided hoped 以輔音字母 + y結尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied cried 以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged dropped planned,13,不規(guī)則變化 AB型 can -could shall-should will-would may-might AAA型 cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put set-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read AAB型 beat-beat-beaten ABA型 become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run,現在完成時標志詞,1．在表示“用法1”時，現在完成時常和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。.,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強 調或加強語氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問句。,He has already left here. 他已經離開這里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣） My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經給你父母寫過信了嗎？,2. yet在現在完成時中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經”,Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever 表示“曾經”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來沒有去過長城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你們曾經去過加拿大嗎？,c） just表示“剛剛”（用于完成時態(tài)時，與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）,He has just come back. 他剛剛回來。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項工作。,現在完成時標志詞,1．在表示“用法2”時，現在完成時常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far ,up to now等時間狀語連用。,,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.,一段時間,2. since +,從句(一般過去時),,,單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時間的)時間點,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自…以來) 1)since+時間點 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 時間段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (長達） for+ 時間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,,Take notes,注1): since 也可單獨使用, 表示“自那時起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強語氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,※短暫性動詞與延續(xù)動詞間的轉換,leave-- come/go (to) -- arrive (at/in)-- get (to)-- reach-- buy-- borrow-- finish--,join-- start/begin-- die-- close-- open-- return-- marry-- become--,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an…,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暫性動詞與時間段的關系,●短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：①become, ②begin, ③buy, ④borrow, ⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die, ⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨ leave, 等。,上一頁,下一頁,●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應的延續(xù)性動詞 來代替短暫性動詞。,主菜單,become →be, begin→ have , borrow → keep, buy → have, come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…， die→ be dead, finish→ be over, join→ be in …（be a member of … ） leave→ be away ( from…),,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,●但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。 如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,? 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 o’clock. He has been here since 6 o’clock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經去了某地，現在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,?與一般過去時的用法比較,一.現在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調事情與現在保持的某種密切聯系（如現在的結果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現在沒有關系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,四)It is/has been +一段時間 +since+句子(一般過去時) =一段時間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時),Eg. It is/has been five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁,? 第一句用現在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現在他還有這本字典” 。,?第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現在他是否有這本字典并未強 調說明。,主菜單,二．當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現在完成時，而用一般過去時:,上一頁,下一頁,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自…以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現在完成時連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,主菜單,三．常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,主菜單,上一頁,現在完成時練習,主菜單,動 詞 填 空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,,seen,did,see,saw,,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. Where _____ you ______ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改 錯 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks. A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned 2. ---____the sports meeting might be put off. ---Yes, it all depends on the weather. A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told 3. ---- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. ----Oh, not at all. I _____here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -----Will you go to Beijing for vacation ? -----I _______ to go , but I don’t know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning,,,,,,6. --When will they leave ? ---They ______very soon . A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 --Was he studying for an exam ? --Yes , he was ____ it last week. A doing B to take C making D to give 8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth ____ round. A is B would C was D were 9. She _______ such an interesting book before. A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting ______ A is lasting B is lasted C will be lasted D lasts,,,,,,、翻譯下列句子： 1. 你曾經吃過魚和薯條嗎？ 2. 我剛剛丟了我的語文書。 3. 我以前從來沒去過那個公園。 4. 他已經吃過午飯了。 5. 你已經看過這部電影了嗎？ 6. 我哥哥還沒回來。 7. 我自從上星期看過這部電影。 8. 自從1992年他住在這里。 9.這本字典我已買了三年了。 10.他離開中國三年了,1.Have you eatten fish and french frise? 2.I have lost my Chinese book. 3 I have never been to that park. 4.He has already had lunch. 5 Have you seen this movie yet? 6 My brother has not returned. 7 I have seen this movie since last week. 8 He has lived here since 1992. 9 I have had this dictionary for three years. 10 He has been away China for three years.,