3131顎式破碎機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與三維建模含SW三維及7張CAD圖,顎式破碎機(jī),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),三維,建模,sw,cad Influence of some rock strength properties on jaw crusher performance in granite quarry Abstract：The influence of rock strength properties on Jaw Crusher performance was carried out to determine the effect of rock strength on crushing time and grain size distribution of the rocks．Investigation was conducted on four different rock samples namely marble．dolomite．1imestone and granite which were representatively selected from fragmented lumps in quarries．Unconfined compressive strength and Point load tests were carried out on each rock sample as well as crushing time and size analysis．The results of the strength parameters of each sample were correlated with the crushing time and the grain size distribution of the rock types。The results of the strength tests show that granite has the highest mean value of 101.67 MPa for Unconfined Compressive Strength(UCS)test．6.43 MPa for Point Load test while dolomite has the least mean value of 30.56 MPa for UCS test and 0.95MPa for Point Load test.According to the International Society for Rock Mechanic OSRM)standard．The granite rock sample maybe classified as having very high strength and dolomite rock sample，low strength．Also，the granite rock has the highest crushing time(2 1．O s)and dolomite rock has the least value(5．0 s)．Based on the results of the investigation，it was found out that there is a great influence of strength properties on crushing time of rock types． 1 Introduction Jaw crushers are used for reducing the size of solid material, such as mineral material for example in mining industry. Usually jaw crushers comprise two vertical jaws, where the first jaw is fixedly mounted and the second jaw is arranged movable to and fro relative to the first jaw. The material to be crushed is fed between the jaws and subjected to the pressing and relieving actions of the moving jaw. The jaws are arranged in tapered manner so that they are farther apart at the top than at the bottom, and the material, which is crushed travels at the same time downwards towards the discharge opening. The crushing occurs between the two jaws, whereby the surface of the jaws is subjected to heavy wear and abrasion. The wear surfaces of the jaws are usually made of wear resistant material, such as manganese steel. However, when very abrasive minerals are crushed, the wear surfaces are rapidly eroded and they must be replaced. Replacement of the wear surface requires that the operation of the jaw crusher must be interrupted, which leads to process downtime and losses in operational efficiency. The strength of a material refers to the materials ability to resist an applied force．Strength property of rock is the ability of the rock material to resist failure when load is applied without yielding or fracture．The mechanical properties of rock depend upon the interaction between the crystals，particles and cementation material of which it is composed．The yield strength of a material is an adequate indicator of the material’s mechanical strength and is the parameter that predicts plastic deformation in the material．from which one can make informed decisions on how to increase the strength of a material depending on its micro-structural properties and the desired end effect．Strength is considered in terms of compressive strength，tensile strength，and shear strength，namely the limit states of compressive stress，tensile stress and shear stress，respectively．According to Reference，the effect of dynamic loading is probably the most important practical part of the strength of materials，especially the problem of fatigue．Repeated loading often initiates brittle cracks，which grow slowly until failure occurs．It is of paramount importance to first carryout size reduction of an ore or rock material on a laboratory scale for the ore or rock material to be profitably andeconomically processed industrially．This permits the determination of parameters such as liberation size，grindability，coarse to medium to fine proportion in any product of the crushing and grinding equipment and the proportion of values of gangues in the fines．Jaw Crusher is used for crushing rock material in mines and quarries.Replacement of the wear surface requires that the operation of the jaw crusher must be interrupted, which leads to process downtime and losses in operational efficiency. Naturally, the process costs are also increased. It provides the latest technology in heavy duty crusher design that delivers high production，infinite setting adjustment，larger feed opening bolted mainframe，cast swing，jaw holder and optional positioning of the crusher support feet to suit installation requirement. This crusher is designed for exceptional heavy and continuous application with heavy duty part for optimum operation and long life and this can be influenced by the strength properties of the rock．The influence of rock strength property can result to the loss of capacity to perform the stipulated function for which jaw crusher was designed． The UCS was the main quantitative method for characterizing the strength of rock materials．Point load test is used to determine rock strength indexes in geotechnical practice．Rock lithologies were classified into general categories and conversion factors were determined for each category．This allows for intact rock strength data to be made available through point load testing for numerical geotechnical analysis and empirical rock mass classification systems such as the Coal Mine Roof Rating(CMRR)． Crushing is an integral portion for mineral processing operations and is critical for the preparation of ore for downstream process for mineral processing operations．Crushing of quarried rock is carried out in stages，with the primary crushing stage typically carried out using jaw crusher and subsequent(secondary and tertiary)．From field observation，the greater the number of crushing stage，the higher the amount of fine produced as a proportion of total plant throughout．The type of crusher used also directly controls the amount of fines produced． A recent study of quarry fines looked at possible relationship between quarry plant operation and the generation of quarry fines．The conclusion drawn have been critically revealed that hard rock aggregate plant production is directly proportional to the number of crushing stages；it increases with an increase in production stage．Low reduction fines generation at each stage especially where the rock or mineral are fragile，however，the cumulative fines production may be higher than a process using fewer stages with higher reduction． The panicle size analysis is the method used to determine the particle size distribution or the grain size distribution of rock／ore materials．In practice，close size control of feed to mineral processing equipment is required in order to reduce the size effect and make the relative motion of the particles separation dependent．The particle size distribution of a matedal is important in understanding its physical and chemical propenies．It affects the strength and load bearing properties of rocks．The easiest conventional method of determining mineral particle size is sieve analysis，where grain size is separated on sieve of different sizes／apertures using Sieve Shaker．Thus the particle size distribution is defined in tems of discrete size ranges and measured in micron．It is usually determined over a list of size ranges that covers nearly all the sizes present in the sample．Some methods of determination allow much narrower size ranges to be defined that can be obtained by use of sieves and are applicable to panicle sizes outside the range available in sieves．However，the idea of notional‘sieve’that‘retains’particles above a certain size and‘passes’panicles below that size is universally used in presenting panicle size distribution data of all kinds．The size distribution may be expressed as a‘range’analysis，in which the amount in each size range is listed in order of fineness of particles．It may also be presented in‘cumulative form’in which the total of all sizes‘retained’or‘passed’by a single notional‘sieve’is given for a range of sizes．Range analysis is suitable when a particular ideal mid—range panicle size is being sought while cumulative analysis is used where the anlount of ‘under-size’ or‘over-size’must be controlled． According to one embodiment of the invention the wear surface structure comprises a plurality of wear inserts arranged in a pattern. The wear inserts may be arranged to form a desired pattern on the wear surface structure of the jaw crusher in order to optimise the throughput of crushed material. By proper arrangement and selection of different insert cross sectional forms and sizes and/or heights on different parts of the wear surface of the jaw it is also possible to optimise the wear protection. For example, it is possible to arrange higher number of inserts in the centre part of the wear surface structure. It is also possible to optimise the capacity and jaw wear in the crushing process by using wear surface structures with different insert patterns. Furthermore, an uneven wear of the wear surface structure has been a problem in the known solutions. In earlier solutions the matrix material of the jaw surface structure has been rapidly and unevenly worn out and caused various problems. 2 Materials and method The rock samples used for the investigation were obtained from different quarries in Nigeria．Dolomite，limestone and marble samples were collected from Edo State and granite rock samples from Ondo State. Nigeria．Five boulders of each rock type of dimension 90 cm×50 cm×50 cm were representatively selected from recently blasted portion of the rocks which were ftee from natural defects，that is,discontinuities such as cracks，joints，fractures etc were packed properly to avoid damage during transportation．For the unconfined compressive strength test，the rock sample was cut into square shape with dimension of 60 mm×60 mm with masonry saw and Vernier caliper was used to measure the dimension．Also．for the point load test，the rock samples were broken into irregular shape with sledge hammer．Vernier caliper was used to measure the diameter and length of irregular shaped rock samples from the different locations．The mean value for length ad diameter was detemined . The rock samples were prepared and tested in the laboratory to Intemational Society for Rock Mechanics Standard for each strength test carried out using Masonry Saw Machine and Compression Testing Machine and Point Load Tester respectively．The readings were taken and recorded．The size reduction of equal weighed of the rock samples was done using Laboratory Jaw crusher and the particle size distribution was carried out in notional set of sieves using Sieve Shaker．The crushing times were taken and recorded and the weights of samples retained on the sieves recorded for size distribution．The rock sample were cut into square shape by using masonry cutting machine，the cut samples were smooth，free of abrupt irregularities and strength．Five specimen of each of the rock samples were tested and the failure load was recorded for each test as the failure was observed axlally in the compressive testing machine． Some lumps of the different rock types were then crushed using the Laboratory Jaw crusher and taken record of the crushing times．The screening of the crushed rock samples was carried out in a set of sieve using the Laboratory Sieve Shaker．The sieve was arranged in the order of decreasing apenure：4700，2000，1700，11 80，850，600，425，and 212 by placing the sieve that has the largest opening at the top and the least opening at the bottom．A tight fitting pan or receiver was placed below the bottom sieve to receive the finest grained which is referred to as undersize．The crushed sample was placed on the top sieve and a lid was used to cover it to prevent escape of the rock sample during me process． The set of the sieve was then placed in a sieve shaker which vibrates the sieve for proper screening．This operation was carried out on each of the rock sample for five minutes．This was achieved by using the automatic control timer of the sieve shaker．After the screening analysis，the retained sample on each sieve was measured on weigh balance and recorded to the cotresponding sieve opening size． 顎式破碎機(jī)在花崗巖采掘中受巖石強(qiáng)度性能的影響 摘要 巖石強(qiáng)度性能的影響在顎式破碎機(jī)性能上取決于破碎的時(shí)間和巖石粒度分配。調(diào)查被分為了四個(gè)不同的巖石樣品，既是從采掘場(chǎng)支離破碎的塊狀中挑選出的具有代表性的大理石，白云石，石灰石，和花崗巖樣品。對(duì)每種樣品都做了在相同的破碎時(shí)間和粒級(jí)分析下的無(wú)測(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度和集中載荷試驗(yàn)。每一種樣品的受力參數(shù)都和它們的破碎時(shí)間和各自巖石類(lèi)型的粒度分配一一的關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)。強(qiáng)度載荷試驗(yàn)表明花崗巖是最高的達(dá)到101.67MP的無(wú)測(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度，6.43MP的點(diǎn)載荷試驗(yàn)，然而白云石在無(wú)測(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度只達(dá)到了30.56，在點(diǎn)載荷試驗(yàn)的為0.95MP。通過(guò)國(guó)際社會(huì)巖石機(jī)械強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，花崗巖樣品被分類(lèi)為了具有很高的強(qiáng)度白云石為較低的強(qiáng)度。而且，花崗巖具有著最高的破碎時(shí)間（21.秒），白云石具有最少的破碎時(shí)間值（5.0秒）?；谠囼?yàn)的結(jié)果可以看到，各種巖石類(lèi)型的破碎時(shí)間受到很多強(qiáng)度性能的影響。 1介紹 顎式破碎機(jī)用于減少固體材料的尺寸，例如采礦工業(yè)中的礦物材料。通常顎式破碎機(jī)包括兩個(gè)垂直鉗口，其中第一鉗口固定安裝，第二鉗口相對(duì)于第一鉗口可前后移動(dòng)。將被壓碎的材料在顎之間進(jìn)給，并受到動(dòng)顎的壓緊和緩解作用。鉗口以錐形方式布置，使得它們?cè)陧敳勘鹊撞扛h(yuǎn)離，并且被壓碎的材料同時(shí)向下朝著排放開(kāi)口行進(jìn)。 擠壓發(fā)生在兩顎之間，從而頜面受到嚴(yán)重摩擦和磨損。鉗口的磨損表面通常由耐磨材料制成，如錳鋼。然而，當(dāng)研磨性礦物被粉碎時(shí)，磨損表面被迅速侵蝕并且必須被替換。磨損表面的更換要求顎式破碎機(jī)的操作必須中斷，這導(dǎo)致加工停機(jī)時(shí)間和操作效率的損失。材料的強(qiáng)度關(guān)系到這種材料抵抗外部壓力的能力。巖石的強(qiáng)度性能是當(dāng)負(fù)載沒(méi)有屈服或者斷裂時(shí)巖石材料抵抗破壞的能力。巖石的力學(xué)性質(zhì)取決于晶體之間的相互作用，它是由顆粒和膠結(jié)物質(zhì)組成。材料的屈服強(qiáng)度是材料的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度的指標(biāo)參數(shù)也是預(yù)測(cè)材料塑性變形的依據(jù)，從此可以從其微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特性和期望效果中對(duì)如何提高材料的強(qiáng)度做出明智的決定。強(qiáng)度被認(rèn)為分別是抗壓強(qiáng)度，抗拉強(qiáng)度，抗剪強(qiáng)度，即對(duì)壓應(yīng)力，拉應(yīng)力和剪應(yīng)力極限狀態(tài)計(jì)算。據(jù)參考，動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)載效應(yīng)可能是材料強(qiáng)度的最重要實(shí)踐部分，尤其是在疲勞問(wèn)題上。重復(fù)載荷常常會(huì)產(chǎn)生裂縫，當(dāng)其增長(zhǎng)緩慢直到發(fā)生故障。這使得粉碎磨料和非常磨料的材料成為可能，并使破碎過(guò)程中的停機(jī)時(shí)間最小化，從而提高了總吞吐量和生產(chǎn)率。還可以根據(jù)被壓碎的材料優(yōu)化磨損表面結(jié)構(gòu)的耐磨性。 最為重要的就是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模的礦石破碎使之工業(yè)加工的有利性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。在任何破碎和研磨設(shè)備產(chǎn)品中貴重細(xì)磨礦石就被限制例如釋放大小，可磨性參數(shù)測(cè)定，由粗中細(xì)比例參數(shù)。顎式破碎機(jī)在礦山和采石場(chǎng)用于破碎巖石材料。它提供了在重型破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的最新技術(shù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)量、更大的進(jìn)料口、分離大型機(jī)、回轉(zhuǎn)度、可滿足安裝要求的顎式破碎機(jī)支架和可選支撐腳定位。這種破碎機(jī)是為了異常重載連續(xù)運(yùn)行中受巖石強(qiáng)度性能影響達(dá)到最佳效果操作和長(zhǎng)壽命而設(shè)計(jì)的。巖石強(qiáng)度性能的影響可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致顎式破碎機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中規(guī)定功能的喪失。無(wú)測(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度測(cè)試的主要特征就是巖石材料強(qiáng)度的定量方法。點(diǎn)載荷試驗(yàn)用于在巖土工程實(shí)踐中確定巖石強(qiáng)度指數(shù)。巖石巖性分為一般類(lèi)和確定每個(gè)類(lèi)別的轉(zhuǎn)換因子。這使得完整的巖石強(qiáng)度的數(shù)據(jù)將提供巖土工程數(shù)值分析與實(shí)證巖體分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)，例如煤礦頂板點(diǎn)荷載試驗(yàn)。 粉碎是礦物加工工程的組成部分，是為下步選礦工藝行動(dòng)做準(zhǔn)備的關(guān)鍵。破碎巖石的開(kāi)采是分階段進(jìn)行，與初級(jí)階段粉碎進(jìn)行通常使用顎式破碎機(jī)和隨后的部分（二級(jí)和三級(jí)）。從野外觀察，更大數(shù)量的粉碎階段，在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中更高的精細(xì)粉碎生產(chǎn)比例。所用破碎機(jī)還直接的控制著生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的精細(xì)破碎的總額。一個(gè)最近的研究看起來(lái)可能關(guān)聯(lián)著礦山設(shè)備操作和礦場(chǎng)精細(xì)生產(chǎn)。得出的結(jié)論顯示，已精細(xì)的堅(jiān)硬的巖石料生產(chǎn)的與巖石的破碎級(jí)數(shù)是成正比關(guān)系的，在生產(chǎn)階段它隨之而不斷增長(zhǎng)。減少在生產(chǎn)每一階段過(guò)程中粉末的比例，特別是在巖石或者礦物是易碎的，然而，生產(chǎn)的累積粉末可能比一個(gè)使用較少的階段具有更高的還原過(guò)程。 在粒度分析來(lái)確定粒子尺寸分布或巖石/礦石物料粒度分布的方法，在實(shí)踐中，礦物飼料加工設(shè)備，需要密切尺寸控制，以減少規(guī)模效應(yīng)，使顆粒的分離依賴相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，了解它的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)對(duì)材料的粒度分布是重要的。它影響了巖石的強(qiáng)度和承載性能，最簡(jiǎn)單的礦物顆粒的大小決定的常規(guī)方法是篩分析,在晶粒尺寸大小不同的分離/孔篩篩振動(dòng)篩使用。因此，粒度分布是定義在離散尺寸范圍條款和微米測(cè)量。它通常是在一個(gè)確定的尺寸范圍涵蓋幾乎所有的列表的大小樣品中。測(cè)定的一些方法允許的范圍更窄的大小來(lái)定義，可以通過(guò)獲得和使用的篩適用于此種以外的可用尺寸范圍篩選等級(jí)。粒度分布可以表示其中在各尺寸范圍排列在顆粒細(xì)度等級(jí)為一個(gè)范圍的分析。它可能也存在于“累積排列”在所有尺寸給定的范圍中被一個(gè)抽象意義上的“篩子”一系列的尺寸所給定的 “保留”和“通過(guò)”。極差分析是適合當(dāng)在一個(gè)特定的理想中檔正在尋求粒徑分析的方法，而累積分析是用來(lái)分析那些必須被控制的低于尺寸和超過(guò)尺寸的部分。 破碎機(jī)，以優(yōu)化吞吐量的粉碎材料。通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)牟贾煤瓦x擇不同的插入截面形狀和尺寸和或高度的不同部分的磨損表面的顎，也有可能優(yōu)化磨損保護(hù)。例如，可以在磨損表面結(jié)構(gòu)的中心部分布置更高數(shù)量的插入件。還可以通過(guò)使用具有不同插入圖案的磨損表面結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)優(yōu)化破碎過(guò)程中的容量和顎磨損。 此外，磨損表面結(jié)構(gòu)的不均勻磨損一直是已知的解決方案中的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。在早期的解決方案中，顎面結(jié)構(gòu)的基體材料已經(jīng)迅速且不均勻地磨損并引起各種問(wèn)題。磨損插入物能夠消除磨損差異，并且獲得更均勻的表面結(jié)構(gòu)的磨損輪廓。 2材料與方法 在尼日利亞巖石樣品用來(lái)調(diào)查研究從不同采石場(chǎng)獲得的樣品。白云石，石灰?guī)r和大理石樣品才子埃多州，花崗巖才子翁多州。尼日利亞，五維為90厘米×50厘米×50厘米的石塊代表性從最近由于自然的缺陷形成的其中部分。就是說(shuō)，如不連續(xù)裂縫，連接，破碎等方面進(jìn)行妥善包裝，以避免在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中損壞。對(duì)于無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)，巖石樣品被切磚機(jī)和游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)量尺寸來(lái)切成60毫米×60毫米的方形。而且，對(duì)于點(diǎn)載荷測(cè)試，巖石樣品用雪橇錘分成了不規(guī)則的形狀。游標(biāo)卡尺來(lái)測(cè)量直徑從不同的地點(diǎn)和不規(guī)則形的巖石樣品長(zhǎng)度。長(zhǎng)度平均值為直徑量測(cè)定。 巖石樣品制備和巖石力學(xué)強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試，每個(gè)測(cè)試由國(guó)際協(xié)會(huì)進(jìn)行使砌體鋸床和壓縮試驗(yàn)機(jī)，分別對(duì)其進(jìn)行點(diǎn)載荷實(shí)驗(yàn)。已采取的讀數(shù)和記錄，同等的巖石樣品縮減粉碎是利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室破碎機(jī)和顆粒大小分布的搖動(dòng)篩粉器來(lái)模擬篩選的。粉碎時(shí)間被分別采取和記錄，樣品在篩子上粒度分布的重量也被記錄。巖石樣本被磚石切割機(jī)切成了方形，切割樣品很光滑，沒(méi)有不規(guī)則的生硬的部分。五種巖石樣品進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，每個(gè)式樣在其被破壞時(shí)都記錄為了其破壞荷載記錄，從抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)機(jī)中可以觀察到。 一些不同巖石樣品的腫塊被實(shí)驗(yàn)室顎式破碎機(jī)破碎而且記錄下來(lái)其破碎的時(shí)間，該破碎巖石樣品進(jìn)行了篩選篩載使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室篩振動(dòng)篩。篩網(wǎng)被安排在了遞減的：4700，2000，1700，11 80，850，600，425，和212 ，通過(guò)將篩具在其頂部保持最大的開(kāi)度，在底部保持最小的開(kāi)度。一個(gè)緊密配合的的盤(pán)被放置在了篩的底部，為了接收好的尺寸不足的顆粒。在粉碎樣品放置于有蓋的頂篩中是用來(lái)掩蓋它，是在工作中防止巖石樣本飛走。 然后這個(gè)篩子放置在一個(gè)搖動(dòng)篩粉器下，利用震動(dòng)做一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)暮Y選。這個(gè)操作是在每個(gè)巖石樣品中為5分鐘。這是通過(guò)使用該振動(dòng)篩，自動(dòng)定時(shí)控制的。篩選分析后，每個(gè)保留樣品測(cè)量體重平衡和記錄篩孔徑。 8