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不定式的基本形式,,todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoing,tobedone,,tohavebeendone,DiscoveringusefulstructuresGooverthepassivevoice當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，一般要用不定式的被動式。不定式的被動式可以在句中作主語、作賓語、作表語、作定語、作狀語。,1.It’sanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.4.Therearealotofthingstobediscussed.5.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.,作主語,作賓語,作表語,作定語,作狀語,不定式的被動式在句中作什么成分,Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（復(fù)合賓語）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（復(fù)合謂語）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定語）,,不定式有時要用主動形式表示被動意義不定式的邏輯主語和邏輯賓語都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，只能用主動形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語，則用不定的被動形式。如：Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?(towash的主語為句子的主語you，其邏輯賓語為anything。)你今天要洗什么嗎？,Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?(tobewashed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人來做)你有什么要其他人洗的嗎？,在Therebe/seem…+主語+todo表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主動形式表示被動意義（也就是說，我們可能會見到被動形式，但主動形式要好得多）。Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone),There’snochairtositon.(Thechairissaton.)沒有椅子坐。但在下列句子中，只能用主動形式。如：There’snotenoughfoodforustoeat.我們沒有足夠的食物吃。,3.在形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動形式表示被動意義，其中形容詞常見的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如：Theworkisimpossibletofinishintwodays.(Theworkisfinished.)工作不可能兩天之內(nèi)完成。Englishisnotsoeasytolearn.(Englishislearnt.)英語并不好學(xué)。,4．在“with+n+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．,5.在一些固定用法，如“挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評”用betoblame；“（東西等）出租”用tolet。如：Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.他應(yīng)為他所做的受責(zé)備。Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。,(2007遼寧卷)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported____theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak,實戰(zhàn)演練,,2.(2008全國卷I)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed,,3.(2008湖南卷)______theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete,,I.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示將下列句子補充完整。1.Hewantedtheletter__________(type)atonce.2.Itisthefirstsuchproject______________(design)byChineseengineers.,練一練,tobetyped,tobedesigned,3.Shedidn’twantherson___________(take)away.4.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears________________(tell)everything.5.Sheisbusypreparingfortheexams__________(hold)nextmonth.6.Hehurriedtothestationonly______(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.,tobetaken,tohavebeentold,tobeheld,tobetold,1.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto____manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto____plasticsproducts.A.make;usingB.making;usingC.making;useD.make;use,A,2.Withalotofproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,C,3.Thepupilshere____allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing,D,4.Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested,D,5.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served,B,Homework,Gooverwordsandexpressions.Gooverthegrammar.DoEx3onPage56.,