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HomeworkChecking,WhatisHeroicCouplet?1、押尾韻對偶句2、韻尾為AABBCCDD......不重復3、五音步抑揚格poemsconstructedfromrhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter.《簡史》p.26,MeticalRhythmofTheCanterburyTales,AssoonasAprilpiecestotheroot-/-/-/-/-/ThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot-/-/-/-/-/Througheveryveinofsapwithgentleshowers-/-/-/-/-/Fromwhoseengenderingliquorspringtheflowers-/-/-/-/-/Iambicpentameter五步抑揚格,Historicalbackground,1.theHundredYearsWar(1337–1453):awakenationalconsciousnessinEngland.FrenchwasgraduallyreplacedbyEnglishnativetongue.2.TheBlackDeath(1348-1350)killed30%to60%ofEuropespopulation3.thepeasantuprisingof1381:theconflictbetweenthepeasantsandfeudallords.4.1360-1400thesummitofMiddleEnglishLiterature.,Content,I.Chaucer’sLifeII.Chaucer’sLiteraryCareerIII.TheCanterburyTalesIV.Chaucer’sContribution,I.Chaucer’sLife(1343-1400),thefounder(father)ofEnglishpoetrythefatherofEnglishLiterature為什么不是英國文學中里程碑式的人物“莎翁”呢？founderofEnglishrealismWhy?《簡史》p.23thefirststorytellerandthefirstmodernpoetinEnglishliterature,I.Chaucer’sLife(1343-1400),Bornin1343asthesonofaprosperouswinemerchantinLondon.MostprobablyeducatedinOxfordandCambridge.In1357GeoffreyisfoundintheserviceofElizabeth,CountessofUlsterIn1359,WenttoFranceat19ononeofthecampaignsoftheHundredYears’War.SenttoItalyondiplomaticmissions.In1373,AppointedcontrollerofCustomsatLondon.In1386,electedasMPbutdismissedsoonDiedin1400,firstpoetburiedinWestminsterAbbey.,famousItalianwritersoftheRenaissanceperiod,DanteAlighieri1265-1321但丁Commedia/DivineComedy《神曲》GiovanniBoccaccio1313-1375薄伽丘Decameron《十日談》FrancescoPetrarca1304-1374IlCanzoniere《歌集》,WestminsterAbbey它的力量催得百花芬芳WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath,和煦西風攜帶甜蜜氣息Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath,澤被一片片叢林和荒地Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsun賜予給它們青春及生命,,Hishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,朝升的太陽奔跑過半程Andthesmallfowlaremakingmelody鳥雀啁啾，歡唱愛情Thatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye讓沉寂的黑夜張開眼睛(SoNaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)自然在撩撥眾生的情懷Thenpeoplelongtogoonpilgrimages,心存敬仰之人將去朝拜Andpalmerslongtoseethestrangestrands,人們踏上通向天國之路Offar-offsaints,hallowedinsundrylands.前往著名的遙遠圣域Andspecially,fromeveryshire’end他們在每一處村落集聚,,OfEngland,downtoCanterburytheywend,從英格蘭到坎特伯雷去Toseektheholyblissfulmartyr,quick朝覲身受福澤的殉道者Togivehishelptothemwhentheyweresick他曾護佑過廣大受難者Ithappenedinthatseasonthatoneday就在這時節(jié)，就在其中的一天，InSouthwark,atTheTabard,asIlay我正住在薩瑟克的泰巴旅店，Readytogoonpilgrimagesandstart已經(jīng)滿心虔誠地準備好登程，F(xiàn)orCanterbury,mostdevoutatheart,專誠去坎特伯雷那地方朝圣。Atnighttherecameintothathostelry在那天傍晚，有二十九位旅客,,Somenineandtwentyinacompany來到了這客店，他們形形色色，Ofsundryfolkhappeningthentofall全都是在路上彼此萍水相逢，Infellowship,andtheywerepilgrimsall全都是跨著坐騎要前去朝圣，ThattowardsCanterburymeanttoride而坎特伯雷是他們去的地方。Theroomsandstablesoftheinnwerewide;旅店的房間和馬廄都很寬敞，Theymadeuseasy,allwasofthebest,把我們個個安頓得十分舒適。And,briefly,whenthesunhadgonetorest,不久后太陽從地平線上消失，I’dspokentothemalluponthetrip我同他們每個人都作了交談，,,Andwassoononewiththeminfellowship,很快就成了他們當中的一員。Pledgedtoriseearlyandtotaketheway大家約定來日上路要起個早，ToCanterbury,asyouheardmesay.而路上的情形，下面我會說到。Butnonetheless,whileIhavetimeandspace,但是既然我有很充裕的時間，Beforemystorytakesafurtherpace,在我進一步細述這故事之前，Itseemsareasonablethingtosay我覺得比較合情合理的做法Whattheirconditionwas,thefullarray是根據(jù)我對他們各人的觀察，Ofeachofthem,asitappearedtome,把我看到的情況全告訴你們：,,Accordingtoprofessionanddegree,他們是什么人，屬于哪個階層，Andwhatappareltheywereridingin;甚至還要說說他們穿的衣裳——AndataKnightIthereforewillbegin.現(xiàn)在我就從一位騎士開始講。TherewasaKnight,amostdistinguishedman,這位騎士是個勇敢的男子漢，Whofromthedayonwhichhefirstbegan從他一開始騎著馬闖蕩人間，Torideabroadhadfollowedchivalry,就熱愛騎士精神和榮譽正義，Truth,honour,freedomandallcourtesy.就講究慷慨豁達與溫文有禮。Hehaddonenoblyinhissovereign’swar,在他君主的戰(zhàn)事中表現(xiàn)英勇，,,Andriddenintobattle,nonemorefar他南征北戰(zhàn)處處都留下行蹤，AswellinChristendomasinheathenplaces,在基督徒世界或在異教之邦，Andeverhonouredforhisnoblegraces.他都因為有勇氣而備受頌揚WhenwetookAlexandria,hewasthere.攻下亞歷山大城時他就在場；Heoftensatattableinthechair他在普魯士的多次慶功宴上，Ofhonour,aboveallnations,wheninPrussia.比各國騎士優(yōu)先，坐上了首席；OnLithuaniahehadridden,andRussia,與身份同他一樣的基督徒比，NoChristianmansooften,ofhisdegree.他在立陶宛、俄羅斯戰(zhàn)功最大；,,InfarGranadaatthesiegewashe圍攻阿爾赫西拉斯他也參加，OfAlgeciras,andinBenamarin.并且馳騁在柏爾馬利亞作戰(zhàn)；AtAyasandAttaliawashewhen他與人一起把阿塔利亞攻占，Theywerewon;andintheMediterraneanSea也把阿亞斯攻克；在地中海上Hehadbeenwithmanyanoblearmy.他率領大批高貴的戰(zhàn)士出航。Infifteenmortalbattleshehadbeen他曾十五次投入殊死的戰(zhàn)斗，AndfoughtforourfaithatTlemcen又為我們的信仰，三次把敵手Threetimesinthelists,andalwayskilledhisfoe.殺死在特萊姆森的比武場上。,,Thissamedistinguishedknighthadbeenalso他一度侍奉帕拉希亞的君王，AtonetimewiththelordofPalatia在那段時間里我們這位騎士AgainstanotherheatheninTurkey;征討土耳其異教徒的另一支：Hewasofsovereignvalueinalleyes.每次贏得最高榮譽的總是他。Andthoughsodistinguished,hewaswise盡管他極其勇敢卻世事洞達，Andinhisbearingmodestasamaid.舉止的溫和簡直就像是姑娘；Heneveryetaboorishthinghadsaid一生中他不管遇到什么對象，Inallhislifetoany,comewhatmight;也從來都不曾說過一句粗話。,,Hewasatrulyperfectgentle-knight.這騎士真是忠貞、完美又溫雅。Speakingofhisequipment,hepossessed現(xiàn)在我告訴你們他那副裝備：Finehorses,buthewasnotgailydressed.他的馬雖好，衣著卻并不華美。Heworeafustiantunicstainedanddark穿的是一襲粗布的無袖長衣，Withsmudgeswherehisarmourhadleftmark;已被他鎖子甲弄得滿是污跡；Hehadjustcomebackfromhisvoyage,因為他是遠征后剛乘船歸來，Andnowwasgoingonthispilgrimage.接著便上路來進行這次朝拜。,TheKnight,WasanhonorablewarriorwhofoughtforChristianityagainsttheheathens.Appropriatethatheisthefirstpilgrimtobeintroducedbecausehestandsatthetopofthesocialhierarchy,thusisthemostsociallyprominentpersononthejourney.Tellsthefirststory;manyofferhimcompliments.Allofthebattlesmentionedthathefoughtinwerereligiouswarsofsomekind.,TheKnight,Prologue’sdescription:WorthymanLovedthefollowingChivalryFidelityHonor(goodreputation)GenerositycourtesyHonoredforhisworthinessinwar,TheFunctionofTheGeneralPrologueinTheCanterburyTales,ThePrologueprovidesaframeworkforthetales.Itcontainsagroupofvividsketchesoftypicalmedievalfigures.AllclassesoftheEnglishfeudalsociety,excepttheroyaltyandthepoorestpeasant,arerepresentedbythesethirtypilgrims.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythattheProloguesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.Lookingathisword-pictures,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.ThatiswhyChaucerhasbeencalled“thefounderofEnglishrealism”.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsoanintimateconnectionbetweenthetalesandthePrologue,bothcomplementeachother.,Chaucer’sgreatestworkandthegreaterpartofitwaswritteninheroiccouplets.Atrue-to-lifepictureofChaucer’stime;ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.Thegentleclass---theburgher(市民)----theprofessionalsExposesandsatirizestheevilsofhistimePresentingChaucer’shumanisticviews,ThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales,Chaucer’sContribution,1.ForerunnerofHumanismHepraisedman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.2.ThefirstrealisticwriterHistalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofthetime.3.FatherofEnglishpoetry.HeintroducedfromItalyandFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallyheroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.,Chaucer’sContribution,4.MasteroftheEnglishlanguageHewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.,ChaucersContributiontoEnglishPoetry,ChaucerscontributiontoEnglishpoetrylieschieflyinthefactthatheintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(the"heroiccouplet")toEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.,Homework,Read《簡史》p.30-31WhatisRenaissance?andHumanism?Watch《大明宮詞》10、11集Preview《選讀》p.9-10,15-16,