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Unit 23 Conflict 一、閱讀理解。 Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment. Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastles Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard mercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment. “To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said. Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans. The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism. The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste. 1．What was the study trying to figure out? A．How to make pigs happier. B．The similarities between humans and pigs. C．How living environment affected pigs mood. D．How pigs mood and personality affected their judgment. 2．What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Simple. B．More fortable. C．Unpractical. D．Less free. 3．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic? A．The bowl with chocolate sweets. B．The bowl containing coffee beans. C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans. D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs. 4．What do the findings of the new research imply? A．People should treat pigs equally. B．Peoples health relies on meat quality. C．People should meet pigs various needs. D．Peoples attitude toward pigs is totally wrong. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇研究報(bào)告，講述情緒和性格在動物中的相互作用。 【段意梳理】第一段：概述情緒和性格在動物中的相互作用，這些相互作用會影響它們的判斷。 第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)把豬分成兩組進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。 第六段：根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，研究人員進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，選項(xiàng)D的概括符合題意。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 2．B　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一個環(huán)境很舒適。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 3．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及該段后兩句的對比描述可知，D選項(xiàng)與第五段內(nèi)容一致。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想獲得高質(zhì)量和口感好的豬肉，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足豬的多種需要。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 二、閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (2017石家莊檢測二)The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right 61.____________(equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries.If you think you’ve been injured, pull 62.____________(you) out of the game or stop 63.____________(do) your activity or workout.Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes 64.____________ play contact sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 65.____________(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 66.____________(medicine) help.If the person 67.____________(lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her. Your first question after a sports injury will 68.____________(probable) be，“When can I play again？”This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you.Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice 69.____________ what you can do to stay fit.Always check with your doctor 70.____________ trying any activity following an injury. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　這是一篇說明文，講述了在運(yùn)動中受傷以后應(yīng)該怎么辦。 61．equipment　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處指合適的器材，equipment表示“設(shè)備，器材”，是不可數(shù)名詞。 62．yourself　解析：考查代詞。這是一個祈使句，由前面的you可知，該處用yourself。 63．doing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。由“you’ve been injured”可知，受傷了就要停止活動，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故用doing。 64．who/that　解析：考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為athletes，指人，故用who或that。 65．held　解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動詞hold與his or her head是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。 66．medical　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是形容詞修飾名詞help，故用medical。 67．lies/is lying　解析：考查時態(tài)。此處表示“如果這個人躺在/正躺在地上”，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。 68．probably　解析：考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞。 69．a(chǎn)bout/on　解析：考查介詞。分析句意可知，這里指的是“做什么來保持健康的建議”，故用about/on 表示“關(guān)于”。 70．before　解析：考查介詞。分析句意可知，在嘗試任何活動之前先咨詢一下醫(yī)生，故用before。 三、短文改錯。 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2017濟(jì)南3月模擬) Dear Steven， I’m glad that you are ing to Beijing this summer vacation.You asked many question in your letter, and now let me answer them. To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is very attractive city with a long history.You can found all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of that the most famous is the roast Beijing duck.I hope we will enjoy it.Besides, there is a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace or the Forbidden City.These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists in this year.I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing. I’m looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible. Yours， Liu Chao 答案： Dear Steven， I’m glad that you are ing to Beijing this summer vacation.You asked many in your letter, and now let me answer them. To start with, Beijing, the capital of China, is ∧,a) very attractive city with a long history.You can all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of the most famous is the roast Beijing duck.I hope will enjoy it.Besides, there a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the Forbidden City.These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists this year.I promise you will have a time here in Beijing. I’m looking forward to from you as soon as possible. Yours， Liu Chao 四、七選五。 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Why doesn’t the conductor face the audience? 　1　 As the only person with his back to the audience, the conductor is a figure who is bathed in the spotlight, but his plex work requires a high degree of musical skills, as well as an ability to extract what he desires out of the group of artists he leads—his orchestra. 　2　A person may bee a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor’s training program. However, being the conductor of a famous orchestra requires a great deal more than what is needed merely to join an orchestra. 　3　These naturally examine a conductor’s technique and musical interpretation when he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music, but they also involve a sight-reading element. 　4　 The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece before ing out and leading the orchestra through the piece by memory. Not only does the conductor have to make his arm and hand motion properly, and signal all the entrances of each instrument, he has to point out intentional mistakes made by the orchestra members on the spot. The least capabilities a conductor must have are: The ability to memorize an entire score. A good ear for distinguishing correct notes among the music of the entire orchestra. 　5　 Of the conductors that meet these requirements, those with better musical insight and a higher level of charisma(魅力) will succeed. A. The need for a mon musical standard bees necessary. B. The ability to lead a group of professional musicians. C. There are many conducting petitions. D. For this, the score of music is given to the conductor on site. E. This is how the role of the conductor came to be established. F. The role of the conductor is in fact not well understood. G. There are no examinations for being a conductor. 【文章大意】本文主要介紹了樂隊(duì)的指揮總是背對著觀眾, 而不面向觀眾的原因, 以及成為一名樂隊(duì)指揮需要哪些方面的能力等。 1. 【解析】選F?？疾檫壿嬯P(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“Why doesn’t the conductor face the audience”可知, 人們對樂隊(duì)指揮這一工作不甚了解, 再根據(jù)本空后的內(nèi)容推斷應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。 2. 【解析】選G。考查意義對等。根據(jù)本空后面的“A person may bee a conductor without graduating from the conducting department of a music school or studying in any kind of conductor’s training program”可知, 樂隊(duì)的指揮不需要畢業(yè)于專業(yè)的音樂學(xué)?；蚪?jīng)過相關(guān)的訓(xùn)練, 與G項(xiàng)的“不用考試”一致。 3. 【解析】選C?？疾榇~指代。根據(jù)空格后面的“These naturally examine a conductor’s technique and musical interpretation when he conducts an orchestra through a prepared piece of music”可知, 應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。這里的These指的是C項(xiàng)中的petitions。 4. 【解析】選D。考查意義對等。根據(jù)后面的“The conductor then has to sit in a room and memorize the piece”可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 5. 【解析】選B?？疾樵~匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。與前面的“The ability to memorize an entire score”中的ability是并列的。故選B。 五、書面表達(dá)。 (2017合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測)近期，某中學(xué)生英文報(bào)就“My Dream Classroom”向中學(xué)生征稿。請你根據(jù)征稿啟事寫篇英語短文投稿。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 My Dream Classroom ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： My Dream Classroom The classroom is another home where we spend most of our daytime.It should be a fortable and relaxing place full of inspiration and encouragement for us to enjoy our study life to the fullest. In my dream classroom，I hope to see green plants and pleasant decorations.Of course, I would appreciate it if I could be allowed to decorate my own desk.When it es to the learning environment of the classroom, I prefer a culture corner so that we can share our books or exchange our opinions during the refreshing time.Besides, some inspiring mottos inside can motivate us to get ahead.