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題組提分練11 Unit 1 Festivals around the world 限時(shí)35分鐘　 加黑體小題訓(xùn)練推理判斷題之細(xì)節(jié)推斷題 閱讀理解A　體裁：記敘文　話題：節(jié)假日活動(dòng)　難度：★★★☆☆ On Jan. 20 there will be an International Day of Acceptance to publicize (宣傳) the lives of inspirational people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds who struggle to be accepted. The disabled woman who founded the day, Annie Hopkins, was herself an inspiration. Hopkins aimed to encourage the acceptance of people from munities that are different. But the world is full of people like Hopkins, as the following stories show. Fatjona, an Albanian girl, had a terrible accident when she was 8 years old. It left her unable to walk, speak or write. She was in a wheelchair, which was difficult in itself, but even more difficult because her school wasnt built for people with disabilities. But within four years, Fatjona had recovered her spirits enough to think about her old dream again—to be a dancer. Although it was very difficult, her doctor told her that it would be possible if she could walk again. And if she can walk, she can dance. Fatjonas attitude is summed up in these words: “I will not surrender (屈服)．” Sometimes, adults have more difficulty with “race” than children do, as the following story from Kansas in the US shows. The children were all orphans, black and white, boys and girls. But they got along well. Their problem was that they couldnt be together enough. They feared that they would one day have to leave Kansas and would never see each other again. Their solution was to bee one big, happy family together. However, for that they needed two permanent foster parents (養(yǎng)父母). So the children put an ad in the Kansas City Star: “Wanted: parents for five mixed ethnicity children.” There was an enormous response to the ad. Fostering agencies had no trouble putting the group of kids together in a single home, with a single set of parents. Now they have what they always wanted, a “forever home”. In our world of conflicts and prejudice, it makes a change to hear about people who demonstrate (展示) the strength to make the world a better place—not only for themselves, but also for others, who are inspired by their example. Fatjona, the Kansas kids and Hopkins herself all have a lot to teach us. 【語篇解讀】　本文介紹了國際接受日，人們在這一天講述勵(lì)志故事，鼓勵(lì)人們接納來自不同種族和文化背景的人。 1．What is the main purpose of the International Day of Acceptance? A. To help people with disabilities fit into society. B. To share inspirational stories about disabled people. C. To embrace people with various backgrounds. D. To honour Hopkinss contribution to the world. 答案與解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，International Day of Acceptance當(dāng)天，人們會(huì)分享各種勵(lì)志的故事以鼓勵(lì)人們接納來自不同種族和文化背景的人，故C項(xiàng)正確，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 錯(cuò)解分析　分享的故事不一定是有關(guān)殘疾人的，如Kansas五個(gè)孤兒尋找收養(yǎng)家庭，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)D不是設(shè)立International Day of Acceptance的主要目的。C項(xiàng)中的embrace意為“接受”與原文中的accept同義。 2．According to the passage, Fatjona ________. A. lost her arms in an accident B. attended a school for the disabled C. will soon be able to walk after an operation D. has a dream to dance despite her disability 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)“Fatjona had recovered her spirits enough to think about her old dream again—to be a dancer”可知D正確。 錯(cuò)解分析　文章只寫到一場事故導(dǎo)致Fatjona無法走路、說話和寫字，并沒有提及她失去了雙臂，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)her school wasnt built for people with disabilities可知B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章未提及，醫(yī)生只是假設(shè)Fatjona可以走路，她便能跳舞。 3．What is the Kansas kids story about? A. A “forever home” means a lot to orphans. B. Children have more “race” problems than adults do. C. The mixed ethnic children were finally accepted by a family. D. Its difficult to find a foster family for orphans in Kansas. 答案與解析　C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Kansas的五個(gè)混合種族的孤兒為了可以永遠(yuǎn)生活在一起，登廣告尋找收養(yǎng)家庭，最終如愿以償，故C項(xiàng)正確。 錯(cuò)解分析　Kansas的例子主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是社會(huì)對于不同種族的孩子的包容與接納，并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)永恒的家庭對于孤兒的重要性，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)adults have more difficulty with “race” than children do可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)There was an enormous response to the ad可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 閱讀理解B　(2018滄州聯(lián)考)　體裁：記敘文　話題：家庭、朋友與周圍的人　難度：★★★☆☆ We keep hearing about Green Peace Activists, Human Rights Activists and on and on, but who are these people? What follows is a list of some of the most famous activists. Malala Yousafzai (1997 —present) Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani women and childrens rights activist who became the youngest ever person awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014. When she was just 11 years old, the preteen courageously wrote about how the Taliban were trying to prevent girls from going to school. She soon became popular as a devoted activist who campaigned for girls rights to education. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了四位致力于改善婦女兒童權(quán)益事業(yè)的活動(dòng)家的事跡。 4．What drove Edith Dircksey Cowan to bee a social campaigner? A. Her urge to win an award. B. Her childhood experience. C. Her sufferings as a woman. D. Her role in the Childrens Court. 答案與解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It was her unhappy childhood that urged her to work tirelessly ...”可知。 5．What is Kailash Satyarthi mainly devoted to? A. Helping children get better jobs. B. Saving children from forced labor. C. Freeing children from irresponsible parents. D. Educating parents on the sufferings of child laborers. 答案與解析　B　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“He has helped free over 80,000 child laborers since 1980 ... he was moved by the sufferings of children who were forced to work”可知。 6．What can we learn about Craig Kielburger? A. He was once sent to prison. B. He was saved by Kailash Satyarthi. C. He is a Nobel Peace Prize winner. D. He began social work at an early age. 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“He co-founded the organization ‘Free the Children’ as a teenager”可推測Craig Kielburger在青少年時(shí)期就開始了這方面的工作。 文中co-found為“共同建立”之意。前綴co-意為“共同；聯(lián)合”之意，與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞構(gòu)成： ①coproduce vt.共同生產(chǎn)；②coexist vi.共存；③cooperation n．合作；④cooperatiue adj.聯(lián)合的 7．What do the four activists mentioned have in mon? A. They are organization founders. B. They work hard to improve womens life. C. They are all victims of child labor. D. They all fight for childrens rights. 答案與解析　D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)介紹，四位活動(dòng)家都是致力于兒童權(quán)益福利方面的工作。 詞匯微存?、賠aise awareness增強(qiáng)意識； ②at an early age在小時(shí)候 閱讀理解C　(2018凌源質(zhì)檢)　體裁：記敘文　話題：學(xué)校生活　難度：★★★☆☆ In high school I was very shy, content to hang around with my small group of friends and to concentrate on my courses. I was quickly labeled a “brain”. I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework. I finally agreed to a promise. I would share the honor with five other students. I agreed to introduce my friend Judy, who would then give her own, fulllength speech. 【語篇解讀】　作者講述了第一次演講的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果以及對今后的積極影響。 8．Why was the writer called a “brain”？ A. She was a bookworm all the time. B. She was the head of her small group. C. She was the most intelligent student. D. She did more coursework for good grades. 答案與解析　C　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“concentrate on my courses ... I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework”可知作者上學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)努力，成績很好，是最聰明努力的學(xué)生。所以被稱為“brain”，故選C。 9．What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. She ruined her health by studying hard. B. She got the reward beyond expectation. C. She was grateful for giving a speech. D. She wasnt good at physics at school. 答案與解析　D　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record”可知作者的物理成績不好，打破了她的完美記錄，故選D。 10．How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech? A. Scared. B. Moved. C. Excited. D. Embarrassed. 答案與解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong.”可知畢業(yè)演講開始的時(shí)候作者腳步不穩(wěn)，聲音發(fā)抖，非常害怕，故選A。 11．What did the speech bring to the author at last? A. She had nothing to fear in life. B. She got rid of her sense of shyness. C. She won enough college credits. D. She desired to bee a speaker. 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“the successful pletion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give verbal reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness”可知這次演講給了作者在大學(xué)里參加課堂，發(fā)表口頭報(bào)告的信心，并最終擺脫了羞怯，故選B。 閱讀技巧6　關(guān)鍵詞句細(xì)推敲——細(xì)節(jié)推斷題 一般可根據(jù)文章所提供的信息或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷。其實(shí)只要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，就可做出正確的判斷。 閱讀七選五　(原創(chuàng))　體裁：說明文　話題：節(jié)假日活動(dòng)　難度：★★☆☆☆ Thanksgiving Day in the United States is a holiday on the fourth Thursday of November. It precedes (先于) Black Friday. __1__ Thanksgiving Day is traditionally a day for families and friends to get together for a special meal, which often includes a turkey, stuffing, potatoes, cranberry sauce, gravy, pumpkin pie, and vegetables. __2__ Thanksgiving Day parades (游行) are held in some cities and towns on or around Thanksgiving Day. Some people have a fourday weekend so it is a popular time for trips and to visit family and friends. Public Life Most government offices, businesses, schools and other organizations are closed on Thanksgiving Day to have a fourday weekend. __3__ Thanksgiving Day is one of the busiest periods for travel in the USA. __4__ Seasonal parades and busy football games can cause disruption (中斷) to local traffic. people trace the origins of the modern Thanksgiving Day to the harvest celebration that the Pilgrims held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. However, their first true thanksgiving was in 1623, when they gave thanks for rain that ended a drought. These early thanksgivings took the form of a special church service, rather than a feast.In the second half of the 1600s, thanksgivings after the harvest became more mon and started to bee annual events. However, it was celebrated on different days in different munities. George Washington, the first president of the United States, proclaimed (宣布) the first national Thanksgiving Day in 1789. A. Accidents are quite likely to happen everywhere. B. What Do People Do? C. A Day of Feast D. Another early event was held in 1619 in the Virginia Colony. E. This can lead to congestion and overcrowding. F. Thanksgiving Day is a time for many people to give thanks for what they have. G. Public transportation systems do not usually operate on their regular timetables. 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　對于起源于美國，流行于世界的節(jié)日——感恩節(jié)，你了解多少？本文介紹了人們的慶?；顒?dòng)、公眾生活和感恩節(jié)的背景三個(gè)方面。 1．B　設(shè)空所在位置屬于第二段和第三段的標(biāo)題句。第二和第三段主要說明感恩節(jié)期間人們的慶?；顒?dòng)，故選項(xiàng)B“人們都做些什么”符合語境。 2．F　第二段說明感恩節(jié)對于人們的意義，該段前一句說明感恩節(jié)是人們享用特別餐宴的日子，故第二句應(yīng)該說明感恩節(jié)也是個(gè)感恩的節(jié)日，故選項(xiàng)F符合語境。 3．G　該段主要說明很多辦事處、企業(yè)、學(xué)校和其他組織在感恩節(jié)放假。故選項(xiàng)G“公共交通系統(tǒng)一般不會(huì)按照它們的正常時(shí)間表運(yùn)行”符合語境。 4．E　設(shè)空前一句說明“在美國，感恩節(jié)是旅行最為繁忙的時(shí)期之一”，設(shè)空后一句說明“季節(jié)性的游行和繁忙的足球比賽也會(huì)造成當(dāng)?shù)亟煌ǖ闹袛唷?，由此可判斷出選項(xiàng)E “這會(huì)引起堵塞和擁擠”符合語境。 5．D　最后兩段說明感恩節(jié)的背景，根據(jù)設(shè)空前一句中的時(shí)間in 1598和設(shè)空后兩句中先后出現(xiàn)的in 1621、in 1623可判斷出最后一段是按照時(shí)間順序展開說明的，故選項(xiàng)D符合語境。 詞匯微存?、賢race vt.追溯； ②take the form of ...采取……形式