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Festivals around the world 【閱讀理解插花】 It is said that if you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. puter technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual on economical faculties. Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to the contraction normally connected with age—using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the town. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking (萎縮) brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants. Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain. ” he says. “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators. ” 【文章大意】本文講述了想要保持年輕的秘訣: 越是樂(lè)于思考、使用大腦的人, 越不容易腦衰老, 這是日本一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究結(jié)果。 1. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________. A. the size of certain people’s brains B. how to make people live longer C. which people are most intelligent D. why certain people are aging sooner than others. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down. ”醫(yī)生們想要研究如何減緩老齡化的過(guò)程, 也就是說(shuō)如何讓人們更長(zhǎng)壽。 2. On what are their research findings based? A. The study of brain volumes of different people. B. The study of brain volumes of old people. C. The latest development of puter technology. D. A survey of farmers in northern Japan. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. ”可知通過(guò)測(cè)量一千個(gè)不同年齡不同職業(yè)的人的腦容量來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 3. The doctors’ tests show that ________. A. our brains shrink as we grow older B. the front section of the brain does not shrink C. sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds D. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the town. ”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村的人比城鎮(zhèn)的人的大腦更早開(kāi)始萎縮, 然后后面又列出不同職業(yè)的對(duì)比, 腦萎縮最慢的是律師, 緊接著是大學(xué)教授, 醫(yī)生, 然后又列出其他職業(yè)。這些說(shuō)明有些人的腦萎縮就比較多、比較快, 有些人就比較慢、比較少, 因此答案為D。 4. According to the passage, which people seem to age more slowly than the others? A. Lawyers. 　　　　　 B. Farmers. C. Clerks. D. Shop assistants. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. ”可知腦萎縮最慢的是律師。 教材與語(yǔ)法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 There are all kinds of festivals throughout the world, which are held to 1. (satisfaction) and please the ancestors, to honour some famous people or important 2. (event), and to express people’s gratitude to the God for bringing them a year of plenty. For example, Japanese observe Obon, 3. people go to clean graves and light incense 4. memory of their ancestors. In India, October 2 is a national festival to honour Mohandas Gandhi, who helped India bee an 5. (depend) country. And in China the Spring Festival, which 6. (celebrate) in January or February, is the 7. (energy) and important because it is a festival that 8. (look) forward to the ing of spring. Why are all these festivals everywhere？Because during the festivals, people can get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other, 9. (forget) all the daily struggles and demands for 10. while. 答案：1.satisfy　2.events　3.when　4.in　5.independent 6．is celebrated　7.most energetic　8.looks 9．forgetting　10.a 教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子。 1．春節(jié)總是讓我們想到家庭團(tuán)聚。(remind) 答案：The Spring Festival always reminds us of the family reunion. 2．在春節(jié)有各種各樣的活動(dòng)。(there be) 答案：There are all kinds of activities during the Spring Festival. 3．孩子們特別盼望春節(jié)。(look forward to) 答案：Children especially look forward to the Spring Festival. 4．對(duì)成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是一個(gè)美好的時(shí)光。(It’s a good time...) 答案：It’s also a good time for adults. 5．他們可以相互表達(dá)感激、原諒或?qū)捤≈椤?appreciation; apology；forgive) 答案：They can express appreciation, make an apology or forgive each other. 6．遺憾的是有些人由于各種原因，不能出現(xiàn)在這個(gè)重大的節(jié)日里。(It is a pity that...；turn up) 答案：It is a pity that some people can’t turn up at such a great festival for a variety of reasons. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過(guò)渡自然。 【完形填空插花】 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know. __1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the pany of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades. Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation. One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it. In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didnt really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__. Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job. It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel fortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldnt even __16__. Although I now spend much time talking with people，Im still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel disfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But Im also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed. 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape 3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly 4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced 5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out 6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness 7．A.excited B．a(chǎn)stonished C．embarrassed D．interested 8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed 9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．a(chǎn)mazed 11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．a(chǎn)pplicant 12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since 13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．fortable D．challenging 14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers 15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．paring 16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see 17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart 18．A.look into B．relate to C．bine with D．worry with 19．A.alone B．a(chǎn)live C．a(chǎn)ctive D．a(chǎn)wake 20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】該文主要講述了害羞的作者通過(guò)應(yīng)聘電臺(tái)工作而實(shí)現(xiàn)自我突破的故事。 1．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。然而，作者在學(xué)校里不得不和同學(xué)們相處。 2．D　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在學(xué)校用學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)逃避與人交流。 3．C　與語(yǔ)境“by myself”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者一個(gè)人安安靜靜地做功課。 4．B　與語(yǔ)境“with good grades”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者在學(xué)習(xí)上的付出得到了豐厚的回報(bào)，成績(jī)突出。 5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最終意識(shí)到了和朋友相處是有趣的。hang out“常去某處”。 6．B　根據(jù)上文的“I was a shy kid”并結(jié)合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年時(shí)代的害羞個(gè)性還存在。 7．C　根據(jù)“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流時(shí)溝通不順暢是令人尷尬的。 8．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者在校園里注意到了一則讓他感興趣的廣告。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，這是一則電臺(tái)的招募廣告。 10．A　根據(jù)“I had absolutely no background in radio”并結(jié)合下文的“I didnt really want the job”可推知，作者因自己沒(méi)有廣播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，與下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼應(yīng)。 11．C　作者害怕與成千上萬(wàn)的聽(tīng)眾交流，只想證明自己能夠和面試官交談。 12．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過(guò)去了兩周。 13．D　根據(jù)上文可知，這項(xiàng)工作需要與成千上萬(wàn)的聽(tīng)眾交流，這對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性，且與語(yǔ)境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼應(yīng)。 14．A　與上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼應(yīng)可推知，此處表示作者給聽(tīng)眾播放音樂(lè)。 15．B　與語(yǔ)境“answering their calls”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者回應(yīng)聽(tīng)眾的要求。 16．D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者應(yīng)聘的是電臺(tái)工作，和聽(tīng)眾們基本上是不見(jiàn)面的。 17．C　根據(jù)“still”的提示并結(jié)合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者盡管現(xiàn)在花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和人們交流，但是本質(zhì)上還是一個(gè)不多說(shuō)話的人，與下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼應(yīng)。 18．B　結(jié)合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能夠理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，認(rèn)同”。 19．A　根據(jù)上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍舊喜歡獨(dú)處。 20．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者通過(guò)做電臺(tái)工作有了重大改變，從而人生有了更多的可能性。 下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯(cuò)誤，改正錯(cuò)誤并背誦該文。 The Spring Festival always reminds us the family reunion, when there are all kinds of activities. As a result, children especial look forward to it. It’s also a good time for adults, that they can express appreciation, make an apology and forgive each other. However, it is a pity that some people can’t turn up at such a great festival for a variety of reason. 答案： The Spring Festival always reminds us the family reunion, when there are all kinds of activities.As a result, children look forward to it. It’s also a good time for adults，they can express appreciation, make an apology forgive each other. However, it is a pity that some people can’t turn up at such a great festival for a variety of .