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The Olympic Games ***閱讀理解 Have you heard of the following people？Maybe yes，maybe no.But they may be an inspiration for you. The Tree Lady Kate Sessions was an American botanist and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego，California.After being the first woman to graduate from the University of California，Berkeley，she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego.Kate decided that San Diego needed trees more than anything else.Therefore this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy，gardenfilled place as it is today. The Snowflake（雪花） Man Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes.His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes began from his boyhood and was often misunderstood in his time，but his determination revealed two important truths：no two snowflakes are alike；and each one is surprisingly beautiful.In 1931，he worked with William J.Humphreys of the U.S.Weather Bureau to publish Snow Crystals，a book containing 2，500 photographs. The Father of His Country By the late 1760s，George Washington had experienced firsthand the effects of rising taxes imposed（征收） on American colonists by the British，and came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England.During the American War of Independence，he led the colonial forces to victory.In 1787，he was elected president of the Convention that wrote the U.S.Constitution.Two years later，Washington became America’s first president.His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940，when Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a third term.The 22nd Amendment（1951） now limits the president to two elected terms. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三位鼓舞人心的名人。 1.Who made a great contribution to beautifying an area？ A.George Washington. B.Wilson Bentley. C.Kate Sessions. D.William J.Humphreys. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming the town into the leafy，gardenfilled place as it is today”可知，Kate Sessions在將圣地亞哥的一個(gè)荒漠小鎮(zhèn)變成宜人的地方方面做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。 2.What is Wilson Bentley famous for？ A.His creative ideas to publish books. B.His persistence in photographing snowflakes. C.His courage to fight against prejudice. D.His devotion to teaching kids scientific truths. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容尤其是“Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes.His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes...”可知，Wilson Bentley以堅(jiān)持拍攝雪花而出名。故選B。 3.What does the author say about George Washington？ A.He was a national hero. B.He was born into a poor family. C.He became America’s president in 1787. D.He served three terms as the President of America. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“...came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England.During the American War of Independence，he led the colonial forces to victory.”可知，他開始意識(shí)到宣布從英國(guó)獨(dú)立對(duì)殖民地定居者最有利。美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，他帶領(lǐng)殖民地的武裝力量獲得了勝利，即美國(guó)獲得了獨(dú)立，由此可推知，他是美國(guó)的民族英雄。 ***語法填空 Do you make friends __1__(easy)? Do a wallsit test and youll find out. Researchers at the University of Oxford did __2__study with 101 participants aged between 18 and 34. Participants first __3__(fill) out questionnaires about their social lives, and they were then asked __4__ (press) against a wall with their __5__(knee) at right angles (直角) for as long as they could, __6__can be really painful. The results showed that the longer the participants held the position, the bigger __7__(they) outer network—or distant friends they contacted once or twice a month—was. That was__8__the brains painkilling system is associated__9__both pain tolerance and social bonding, which means that the more active this system is, the __10__(good) you are at both. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)和交友有關(guān)的調(diào)查，具體方法如下：身體貼墻，膝蓋彎曲成直角，根據(jù)保持這個(gè)姿勢(shì)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短可以推斷出你的社交能力。 1．easily　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語make friends，所以要用副詞，故填easily。 2．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。句意：牛津大學(xué)的研究者們做了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，該調(diào)查由18歲到34歲之間的101個(gè)人參加。study “調(diào)查”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一項(xiàng)調(diào)查”，所以用不定冠詞a。 3．filled　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：參與者首先填寫了關(guān)于他們的社交生活的問卷，然后他們被要求盡可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地身體貼墻，膝蓋彎曲成直角，這可能很痛苦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空應(yīng)填謂語動(dòng)詞，而且是描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)，故填filled。 4．to press　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。ask sb. to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“要求某人做某事”，此處是其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)形式be asked to do sth.。故填to press。 5．knees　考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。knee “膝蓋”，是可數(shù)名詞，其前有their修飾，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填knees。 6．which　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，并且在從句中作主語，故填which。 7．their　考查代詞。該空代替的是participants，而且后面有名詞network，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的形容詞性物主代詞，故填their。 8．because　考查表語從句的連接詞。句意：這是因?yàn)榇竽X的鎮(zhèn)痛系統(tǒng)與疼痛的耐受性和社會(huì)關(guān)系都有關(guān)，這意味著這個(gè)系統(tǒng)越活躍，你在這兩個(gè)方面表現(xiàn)得越好。此處表原因，故填because。 9．with　考查介詞。be associated with為固定搭配，意為“與……有聯(lián)系”，故填with。 10．better　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)?！皌he＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”為常用句式，意為“越……，越……”，故填better。 ***完形填空。 From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. 2 ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his 3 ． Thinking about all the time and 4 Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt 5 for him. Despite what he was told about having to 6 his ambition, Parker continued training and studying， 7 he was going to have the tests the next month. He 8 as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very 10 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a 11 ， was the only old man in the whole world who was 12 to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13 ， all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14 gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15 as a hero. Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16 all over the world, and became a 17 of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18 effort always brings 19 even though it may not be in the form we had first 20 ． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　Parker從小立志做一名宇航員，卻一直未實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。但他從未放棄希望，一如既往地進(jìn)行飛行訓(xùn)練。終于在年老時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。 1．A.noticed　　　　　　　 B．selected C．invited D．permitted B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此處指他從來沒有被選(selected)去太空飛行。 2．A.Secretly B．Suddenly C．Luckily D．Finally D　解析：最后，Parker已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡。finally “最終，終于”。 3．A.dream B．task C．need D．belief A　解析：文章開頭談及Parker的夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡，所以他永遠(yuǎn)也無法實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想(dream)。 4．A.reputation B．power C．effort D．practice C　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多時(shí)間和努力(effort)。人們一想到Parker為成為宇航員所付出的時(shí)間和努力就為他感到遺憾(sorry)。 5．A.happy B．sorry C．nervous D．calm B　解析：參見上題解析。 6．A.ignore B．forget C．develop D．a(chǎn)bandon D　解析：盡管有人告訴Parker，他不得不放棄(abandon) 他的目標(biāo)，但他還是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，好像(as if)下個(gè)月他要參加測(cè)試似的。 7．A.so that B．now that C．a(chǎn)s if D．even though C　解析：參見上題解析。 8．A.carried on B．took on C．turned off D．got off A　解析：Parker繼續(xù)(學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練)。carry on“繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持干”，符合語境。 9．A.electrical B．physical C．medical D．political C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他們?cè)谔兆鲠t(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。medical“醫(yī)療的”，符合語境。electrical“用電的”；physical“物理學(xué)的”；political“政治的”。 10．A.sick B．experienced C．a(chǎn)ctive D．old D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他們需要一位年紀(jì)大的(old) 宇航員。 11．A.map B．stick C．guide D．candle B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。 12．A.planned B．trained C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed B　解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Parker參加訓(xùn)練就是為了能夠在太空飛行。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。 13．A.silence B．danger C．a(chǎn)ction D．space D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Parker參加實(shí)驗(yàn)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在太空(space)飛行。 14．A.knowledge B．experience C．money D．opportunity A　解析：在那些任務(wù)中所獲得的知識(shí)(knowledge)有助于治愈老人們最嚴(yán)重的疾病之一。 15．A.replaced B．educated C．praised D．a(chǎn)ffected C　解析：Parker被人們稱贊(praised)為一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影響”。 16．A.moved B．flew C．spread D．took C　解析：這位拄著拐杖且沒有牙齒的宇航員的照片在全世界傳播(spread) 開來。 17．A.symbol B．mark C．case D．doubt A　解析：Parker的照片成了一種象征(symbol)——你再怎么多得去學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都不為過。 18．A.desperate B．persistent C．cautious D．a(chǎn)pparent B　解析：這表明堅(jiān)持不懈的(persistent) 努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)(reward)。 desperate“絕望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“顯而易見的”。 19．A.award B．prize C．result D．reward D　解析：參見上題解析。 20．A.expected B．guessed C．suggested D．proved A　解析：堅(jiān)持不懈的努力總會(huì)帶來回報(bào)，盡管它不是我們最初所期待(expected)的那種形式。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time. Besides, we often help our parents with the housework or farm work, that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work. Meanwhile, we take active part in social activities, such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children. We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 答案： Dear Lisa， Im glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of our time. Besides, we often help our parents with the housework or farm work, makes us realize how hard work every day and develop a great love for work. Meanwhile, we take active part in social activities, such as voluntary work. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children. We try our best to help those who are in need make our hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these activities. Yours， Li Ming 難項(xiàng)分析： 第二處：take→takes　此處together with后的名詞不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，句子的主語是learning，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故改為takes。 第七處：rubbishes→rubbish　rubbish表示“垃圾”，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故改為rubbish。 第九處：去掉of　此處指使我們的家鄉(xiāng)變得更加美麗。根據(jù)句中的“more”可知，此處修飾比較級(jí)，表示程度，故應(yīng)用a lot。a lot of表示“許多”，修飾名詞。