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專題十八　說(shuō)明文完形填空+議論文完形填空 A (2018四川德陽(yáng)一診) I live in a rural munity,different from a city because there are 　1　 people.My home is deep in a valley 　2　 by mountains that are rocky.　3　 many farms are located in rural areas because they require large plots of land to grow food or 　4　 farm animals,in my munity the mountains and 　5　 soil make it difficult to farm.This is one 　6　 why few people live in my area. Since we have a lot of 　7　,we get to have horses and chickens.My family 　8　 eggs from the chickens for breakfast.We also lose electricity a lot because the trees fall on power lines whenever there’s a 　9　.In my munity,people keep battery-powered flashlights and oil lamps stored in case the lights 　10　.Some people also use a machine to generates electricity from gasoline—whenever there are 　11　. Going to school in a rural area means having fewer classmates and 　12　 longer distances.To get to my high school,I must drive forty miles to the 　13　 city.This means I must get up much earlier than my 　14　 classmates in order to be on time.The roads in my munity aren’t paved with asphalt(瀝青) either,so during storms they 　15　 bee too muddy or snowy to pass.In cities a snowplow(掃雪機(jī)) 　16　 quickly,but areas where fewer people live aren’t the priority(優(yōu)先),so days can pass before a snowplow 　17　 the road.Sometimes I must miss school because storms make it 　18　 to drive. I am not sure 　19　 if I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up,where it can get 　20　,although I do love being around our animals. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)自己的親身經(jīng)歷,和城市進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析了在農(nóng)村居住的好處和不足。 　 　　　　　　　　　　　 1.A.few B.many C.fewer D.more 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,農(nóng)村地區(qū)和城市相比人口比較少,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.A.surrounded B.hidden C.shadowed D.enriched 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“包圍”;B項(xiàng)“隱藏”;C項(xiàng)“遮蔽”;D項(xiàng)“使豐富”。根據(jù)“deep in a valley”和“by mountains”可知,作者的家在被山包圍的山谷深處,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 3.A.When B.While C.Because D.If 答案B 解析語(yǔ)法功能題。上句說(shuō)農(nóng)村人少偏僻,下句說(shuō)許多農(nóng)場(chǎng)都在農(nóng)村地區(qū),前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以選擇B項(xiàng)。 4.A.feed B.grow C.train D.house 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“喂養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)”;B項(xiàng)“種植”;C項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng),訓(xùn)練”;D項(xiàng)“提供房子或住處”。此處指農(nóng)場(chǎng)需要大塊的土地來(lái)種糧食和給家畜提供場(chǎng)地,所以選擇D項(xiàng)。 5.A.rich B.muddy C.rocky D.snowy 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)上文“My home is deep in a valley 　2　 by mountains that are rocky”可知,此處指在作者的家鄉(xiāng),山脈和巖石土壤使農(nóng)場(chǎng)難以耕種。形容詞rocky在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。答案為C項(xiàng)。 6.A.explanation B.cause C.excuse D.reason 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“解釋”;B項(xiàng)“起因,原因”;C項(xiàng)“借口,理由”;D項(xiàng)“原因”。家鄉(xiāng)的土壤不適合耕種,這是家鄉(xiāng)人少的原因。reason后通?？梢越觲hy引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,cause不能,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 7.A.space B.room C.place D.land 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)后文的“we get to have horses and chickens”可知,鄉(xiāng)村需要很大的空間來(lái)飼養(yǎng)馬和雞。space和room均可表示“空間”,但room更強(qiáng)調(diào)供人使用的地方和空間,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 8.A.lays B.harvests C.buys D.picks 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)卵,放置”;B項(xiàng)“收獲”;C項(xiàng)“買”;D項(xiàng)“摘,取,挖,采”。作者家養(yǎng)著雞,所以收獲雞蛋作為早餐。答案為B項(xiàng)。 9.A.storm B.thunder C.lighting D.shower 答案A 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“暴風(fēng)雨”;B項(xiàng)“雷”;C項(xiàng)“閃電”;D項(xiàng)“陣雨”。家里經(jīng)常停電,因?yàn)槊慨?dāng)有暴風(fēng)雨的時(shí)候,樹(shù)會(huì)被刮到電線上造成停電。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,只有storm伴隨強(qiáng)風(fēng),所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 10.A.put out B.wear out C.run out D.go out 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“撲滅,熄滅”;B項(xiàng)“磨損,穿破”;C項(xiàng)“用光,耗盡”;D項(xiàng)“熄滅”。此處指因?yàn)橥ｋ姛粝?所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 11.A.dangers B.risks C.emergencies D.incidents 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)”;B項(xiàng)“冒險(xiǎn)”;C項(xiàng)“緊急或突發(fā)事件”;D項(xiàng)“事件”。有緊急事件時(shí),會(huì)使用一種汽油發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。答案為C項(xiàng)。 12.A.walking B.running C.driving D.traveling 答案D 解析文化常識(shí)題。在農(nóng)村上學(xué)意味著較少的同學(xué)和走較遠(yuǎn)的路程,因?yàn)槿藷熛∩?學(xué)校少,所以上學(xué)很遠(yuǎn)。此處并沒(méi)有說(shuō)上學(xué)的具體交通方式,只是總的說(shuō),所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 13.A.nearby B.distant C.nearest D.farthest 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。即便是到最近的城市上高中作者也要開(kāi)車40英里,這是為了突出農(nóng)村人煙稀少,地廣人稀。答案為C項(xiàng)。 14.A.rural B.city C.old D.new 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。為了按時(shí)上學(xué),作者必須比城市里的同學(xué)更早起床。文章是把農(nóng)村和城市進(jìn)行比較,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 15.A.can B.may C.must D.should 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。農(nóng)村的道路不是瀝青路,所以雨雪天會(huì)變得非常泥濘。根據(jù)句意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 16.A.es by B.es about C.es to D.es out 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“路過(guò),經(jīng)過(guò)”;B項(xiàng)“發(fā)生”;C項(xiàng)“談到,提到”;D項(xiàng)“出現(xiàn),出版”。在城市里,下雪后掃雪機(jī)會(huì)很快經(jīng)過(guò),把雪掃干凈。答案為A項(xiàng)。 17.A.cleans B.digs C.clears D.covers 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“清掃”;B項(xiàng)“挖”;C項(xiàng)“清除,弄干凈”;D項(xiàng)“覆蓋,走完一段路程,足夠支付”。此處指掃雪機(jī)清除積雪,使路面干凈。動(dòng)詞clean和clear作為動(dòng)詞意思接近,但clean更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,而clear則更強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。答案為C項(xiàng)。 18.A.likely B.necessary C.improper D.impossible 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“很可能的”;B項(xiàng)“必要的”;C項(xiàng)“不正確的,不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?D項(xiàng)“不可能的”。因?yàn)檗r(nóng)村道路雨雪后泥濘,不能開(kāi)車,這使得作者不能去上學(xué),所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 19.A.still B.yet C.even D.as 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)后文“if I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up.”可知,作者現(xiàn)在仍然不確定將來(lái)長(zhǎng)大后是生活在城市還是農(nóng)村。選項(xiàng)中still和yet均可表示“仍然,依舊”,但still常用于肯定句中,表示“某事正在進(jìn)行中”,一般與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用。也可用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,在否定句中須放在否定詞not之前;yet表示“某事尚未發(fā)生”,多用于否定句或帶否定詞的陳述句中。此句為否定句,且not在前,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 20.A.quiet B.lonely C.alone D.busy 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“安靜的”;B項(xiàng)“孤獨(dú)寂寞的”;C項(xiàng)“獨(dú)自地,單獨(dú)地”;D項(xiàng)“忙碌的”。因?yàn)檗r(nóng)村人少,所以盡管作者喜歡和動(dòng)物在一起,但農(nóng)村會(huì)讓人寂寞。答案為B項(xiàng)。 B (2018江西質(zhì)檢) There are too many fat people in America,so many Americans are fighting against overweight.But the 　1　 thing is that the French,who consume rich food,　2　 to stay thin.Now a 　3　 by Cornell University suggests 　4　 life style and decisions about 　5　 may affect weight.Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 　6　.However,Americans tend to stop when their 　7　 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a 　8　 expert,the French see eating 　9　 an important part of their life style.They enjoy food and therefore spend a 　10　 time at the table,while Americans see eating as 　11　 to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans 　12　 the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have 　13　.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 　14　 foods for the week.The French,　15　 tend to shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a 　16　 of fresh fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Don’t Get Fat,decided to 　17　 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 　18　.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent life style 　19　 may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%.However,as American fast food gains 　20　 and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)比,介紹了法國(guó)人吃大量油膩食品,但仍然保持苗條身材的原因。 1.A.present B.natural C.strange D.modern 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“出席的,在場(chǎng)的,目前的”;B項(xiàng)“自然的,天然的”;C項(xiàng)“奇怪的”;D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代的”。很多美國(guó)人超重。但是,令人奇怪的是,法國(guó)人也吃大量的油膩食品,但卻仍然保持很瘦的身材。答案為C項(xiàng)。 2.A.continue B.move C.try D.expand 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“繼續(xù),維持原狀”;B項(xiàng)“移動(dòng),搬家”;C項(xiàng)“努力,嘗試”;D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)展,擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)充”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為A項(xiàng)。 3.A.research B.novel C.book D.newspaper 答案A 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)下文中的“researchers”及該句句意可知,Cornell大學(xué)研究生活方式和對(duì)食物的決定如何影響體重。答案為A項(xiàng)。 4.A.that B.what C.how D.when 答案C 解析語(yǔ)法功能題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為C項(xiàng)how,強(qiáng)調(diào)方式和程度。 5.A.working B.living C.studying D.eating 答案D 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,生活方式和關(guān)于吃的決定可能會(huì)影響體重,且動(dòng)詞eat在文中重復(fù)多次,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 6.A.sensitive B.sad C.happy D.full 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“敏感的”;B項(xiàng)“悲傷的”;C項(xiàng)“高興的,幸福的,滿意的”;D項(xiàng)“滿的,充實(shí)的”。當(dāng)法國(guó)人感到吃飽了的時(shí)候,他們就不再吃東西了。答案為D項(xiàng)。 7.A.pockets B.refrigerators C.houses D.plates 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“口袋”;B項(xiàng)“冰箱”;C項(xiàng)“房子”;D項(xiàng)“盤子”。但是,美國(guó)人只有在盤子里空了(即沒(méi)有東西可吃了)或者他們最喜歡的電視節(jié)目結(jié)束的時(shí)候他們才停止吃東西。答案為D項(xiàng)。 8.A.education B.health C.literature D.speech 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“教育”;B項(xiàng)“健康”;C項(xiàng)“文學(xué)”;D項(xiàng)“演講,講話”。根據(jù)下文中Dr.Joseph Mercola的觀點(diǎn)可知,他是一位健康專家,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 9.A.into B.as C.inside D.to 答案B 解析語(yǔ)法功能題。法國(guó)人將吃看作他們生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see...as...“將……看作……”,是固定搭配,且和下一句中的“Americans see eating as 　11　to be squeezed”表達(dá)一致。答案為B項(xiàng)。 10.A.fairly long B.fairly short C.very exciting D.rather fast 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。法國(guó)人喜歡食物,所以他們會(huì)花相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間在餐桌旁。答案為A項(xiàng)。 11.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。句意:美國(guó)人將吃看作一件在其他日常活動(dòng)中擠出來(lái)的事情。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 12.A.get B.bring C.lose D.receive 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)下文中的“they keep eating long”可知,當(dāng)美國(guó)人實(shí)際上已經(jīng)飽了的時(shí)候,他們卻感覺(jué)不到(自己已經(jīng)吃飽了),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。lose the ability to sense...“喪失感覺(jué)能力”。 13.A.kept B.enjoyed C.went D.stopped 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。美國(guó)人感受不到自己已經(jīng)吃飽了,所以他們會(huì)一直吃很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了法國(guó)人停止吃食物的時(shí)間。答案為D項(xiàng)。 14.A.hot B.cool C.warm D.frozen 答案D 解析文化常識(shí)題。根據(jù)句中“for the week”可知,美國(guó)人往往會(huì)開(kāi)車去大超市買一周吃的罐裝和冷凍食品。常識(shí)判斷只有罐裝食品和冷凍食品才可以保存較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 15.A.therefore B.instead C.however D.merely 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。和美國(guó)人相比,相反地,法國(guó)人卻每天都去購(gòu)物,步行到小的商店去買新鮮的水果、蔬菜和雞蛋等食物。此題容易誤選however“然而,可是”,但instead更強(qiáng)調(diào)前后對(duì)比關(guān)系,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 16.A.choice B.message C.order D.number 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“選擇”;B項(xiàng)“信息”;C項(xiàng)“命令,訂購(gòu),點(diǎn)菜”;D項(xiàng)“數(shù)目,數(shù)字”。法國(guó)人往往會(huì)選擇新鮮水果、蔬菜和雞蛋等食物。答案為A項(xiàng)。 17.A.write B.read C.speak D.think 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)前文中的“author of French Women Don’t Get fat”可知,Mireille Guiliano是一位作家,所以她決定寫關(guān)于知道何時(shí)停止吃東西的重要性。答案為A項(xiàng)。 18.A.fruit B.food C.oil D.egg 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。Mireille Guiliano決定寫關(guān)于何時(shí)停止吃東西而不是建議人們?nèi)绾伪苊獬阅承┦澄?。答案為B項(xiàng)。 19.A.examples B.tradition C.changes D.stories 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)下文“However,as American fast food gains 　20　 and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.”可知,隨著美國(guó)快餐逐漸被法國(guó)人接受及法國(guó)年輕人拒絕傳統(tǒng)飲食,生活方式的變換可能會(huì)影響法國(guó)人的飲食習(xí)慣。答案為C項(xiàng)。 20.A.failure B.success C.acceptance D.rejection 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“失敗”;B項(xiàng)“成功”;C項(xiàng)“接受”;D項(xiàng)“拒絕”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為C項(xiàng)。 C (2018安徽黃山一模) History has some very special qualities about it.It is a 　1　 of what has happened in the past,and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been 　2　 time and again.It allows us to learn from the past,both the 　3　 made and the successes achieved. One of the 　4　 of history is that it allows us to know how famous people 　5　 when they were faced with challenges in their life.　6　 these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a 　7　 country or culture,all of them can always teach us something 　8　. Take for example the 　9　 of Thomas Edison and how many times he 　10　 while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb.He could be held out as an example of a person who 　11　 stopped trying.I am sure he was 　12　 by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him.He had a 　13　 and he just kept trying until he reached success. Or,think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who 　14　 to bee President of the United States even though he suffered 　15　 losses.Most of us only know about his success.　16　,his life was not an easy one.His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what 　17　 we have in life. These true history stories will make you stop to reconsider 　18　 or going after your dreams even though you may not think you have the courage or the 　19　 for now to get what you have always wanted.They could help you make decisions and 　20　 when you have no idea what to do.They could inspire you to be all that you can be. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是議論文。唐太宗曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò):“以銅為鑒,可正衣冠;以古為鑒,可知興替;以人為鑒,可明得失。”本文引用歷史著名人物的事跡給我們啟示,鼓勵(lì)人們不要輕言放棄。 1.A.note B.record C.chance D.belief 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“筆記,音符,鈔票,便條”;B項(xiàng)“記錄”;C項(xiàng)“機(jī)會(huì),可能性”;D項(xiàng)“相信,信念”。句意:歷史記錄了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,并且真正有意思的是歷史上很多事情總是一再重復(fù)上演。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 2.A.reported B.expected C.repeated D.corrected 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“報(bào)道”;B項(xiàng)“期待,料想”;C項(xiàng)“重復(fù)”;D項(xiàng)“改正,更正”。根據(jù)后面的“time and again”及上一題的分析可知答案為C項(xiàng)。 3.A.mistakes B.jokes C.agreements D.challenges 答案A 解析行文邏輯題。A項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤”;B項(xiàng)“玩笑”;C項(xiàng)“同意,協(xié)議,一致”;D項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)后面的“the successes achieved”可知,歷史可以讓我們從過(guò)去犯的錯(cuò)誤和取得的成功中學(xué)到東西。make mistakes“犯錯(cuò)誤”。答案為A項(xiàng)。 4.A.events B.periods C.problems D.advantages 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“大事,體育賽事”;B項(xiàng)“期間”;C項(xiàng)“問(wèn)題”;D項(xiàng)“優(yōu)點(diǎn),優(yōu)勢(shì),益處”。根據(jù)后面“it allows us to know how famous people 　5　 when they were faced with challenges in their life.”可知,歷史能讓我們知道名人在面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)作何反應(yīng),這是歷史給我們帶來(lái)的好處,所以選擇D項(xiàng)。 5.A.studied B.reacted C.peted D.explored 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí),研究”;B項(xiàng)“反映”;C項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”;D項(xiàng)“探索”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 6.A.Although B.Because C.Unless D.Whether 答案A 解析語(yǔ)法功能題。句意:盡管這些挑戰(zhàn)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)期,不同的國(guó)家或文化背景中,它們都可以給我們帶來(lái)有用的啟示。根據(jù)句意可知這里需要引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 7.A.developed B.poor C.different D.popular 答案C 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)的,先進(jìn)的”;B項(xiàng)“差的,窮的,可憐的”;C項(xiàng)“不同的”;D項(xiàng)“流行的,受歡迎的”。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,這些歷史名人遇到的各種挑戰(zhàn)不可能只發(fā)生在同一國(guó)家和文化背景下,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 8.A.clear B.simple C.special D.useful 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“清楚的”;B項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)單的”;C項(xiàng)“特殊的”;D項(xiàng)“有用的”。根據(jù)下文舉的兩個(gè)例子可知,作者想要表達(dá)歷史名人應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的故事給我們帶來(lái)的是有用的啟示,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。 9.A.name B.story C.position D.character 答案B 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)下一段首句“Or,think about the story of Abraham Lincoln”可知,作者舉了兩個(gè)歷史名人面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的故事,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。名詞story在文中重復(fù)使用,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 10.A.failed B.watched C.escaped D.travelled 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“失敗”;B項(xiàng)“觀察,看,留神”;C項(xiàng)“逃跑,逃避”;D項(xiàng)“旅行,行進(jìn)”。根據(jù)下文“He could be held out as an example of a person who 　11　 stopped trying.I am sure he was 　12　 by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him.”可知,愛(ài)迪生在發(fā)明燈泡的過(guò)程中經(jīng)歷過(guò)多次失敗,但他從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止嘗試,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 11.A.also B.often C.still D.never 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 12.A.shocked B.beaten C.discouraged D.controlled 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“震驚的”;B項(xiàng)“被打敗的”;C項(xiàng)“泄氣的”;D項(xiàng)“被控制的”。根據(jù)后面的“but he did not let them stop him.”可知,愛(ài)迪生雖然失敗多次,經(jīng)歷失敗時(shí)肯定也會(huì)感覺(jué)泄氣,但他從未放棄。答案為C項(xiàng)。 13.A.job B.dream C.duty D.power 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。根據(jù)后面“he just kept trying until he reached success.”可知,愛(ài)迪生不斷嘗試直到成功為止,這是實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的過(guò)程,所以選擇B項(xiàng)。 14.A.happened B.prepared C.pretended D.managed 答案D 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“發(fā)生,碰巧”;B項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備”;C項(xiàng)“假裝”;D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)營(yíng)管理,設(shè)法做成”。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,林肯最后成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。manage to do“設(shè)法做成”。答案為D項(xiàng)。 15.A.hearing B.weight C.personal D.slight 答案A 解析文化常識(shí)題。A項(xiàng)“聽(tīng)力的”;B項(xiàng)“重量,體重”;C項(xiàng)“私人的,人事的”;D項(xiàng)“輕微的,微小的”。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,盡管林肯聽(tīng)力受損,但依然成為了美國(guó)總統(tǒng),所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 16.A.In fact B.As usual C.In all D.After all 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上”;B項(xiàng)“像往常一樣”;C項(xiàng)“總共,總計(jì)”;D項(xiàng)“畢竟,終究,別忘了”。根據(jù)上一句“Most of us only know about his success.”可知,我們多數(shù)人只知道林肯總統(tǒng)成功的一面,但是事實(shí)上他的生活并不是一帆風(fēng)順的。答案為A項(xiàng)。 17.A.directions B.improvements C.permissions D.difficulties 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“方向,指導(dǎo)”;B項(xiàng)“改善,提高”;C項(xiàng)“許可”;D項(xiàng)“困難”。句意:他的故事能讓我們不斷前進(jìn),不管在生活中遇到什么困難。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。 18.A.passing by B.giving up C.setting off D.calming down 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“路過(guò)”;B項(xiàng)“放棄,停止”;C項(xiàng)“動(dòng)身,引爆”;D項(xiàng)“冷靜,鎮(zhèn)定”。句意:這些真實(shí)的歷史故事讓我們停下來(lái)重新考慮我們是否要放棄。根據(jù)句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 19.A.ability B.habit C.goal D.choice 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“能力”;B項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣”;C項(xiàng)“目標(biāo)”;D項(xiàng)“選擇”。根據(jù)前面的“courage”可知應(yīng)該選擇A項(xiàng)ability,意思是“勇氣和能力”。答案為A項(xiàng)。 20.A.introductions B.conversations C.judgement D.impressions 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“介紹”;B項(xiàng)“對(duì)話”;C項(xiàng)“判斷”;D項(xiàng)“表達(dá)”。根據(jù)后面“when you have no idea what to do”可知,當(dāng)你不知道該做什么的時(shí)候,這些名人故事能幫助你做出決定和判斷。答案為C項(xiàng)。 D (2018安徽安慶三模) During the Nov.11 shopping event,many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 　1　 the shopping spree(瘋狂購(gòu)物) is not 　2　 but regret.That’s because many people just buy things to fill the 　3　 in their hearts,but accumulating things actually 　4　 the burden in their minds. The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 　5　 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters,duan-she-li,　6　 refusal,disposal(清除) and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 　7　 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 　8　 possessions.There are two basic rules that 　9　 whether you should keep something—the relationship between you and the item under 　10　 as well as the timing.So before you 　11　 your payment password for something,ask yourself two questions:Do I 　12　 it now?Does it suit me? Danshari encourages you not only to 　13　 yourself things,but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them.Nowadays,people need to learn to 　14　 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 　15　 items,regularly 　16　 things you don’t need any more,then you’ll get freedom in your heart. However,it doesn’t mean that you should 　17　 your desire and live a less interesting life.Instead,you should 　18　 yourself rather than material goods.Through 　19　 what to buy and what to get rid of,you can see a deeper reflection of yourself,　20　 learning to make wise decisions about more important things. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是議論文。瘋狂購(gòu)物過(guò)后,隨之而來(lái)的并不是滿意,而是后悔。因?yàn)樵S多人買東西,僅僅是為了填充他們內(nèi)心的空虛?！皵嗌犭x”的想法可能為這個(gè)問(wèn)題提供解決方法。通過(guò)選擇買什么和去掉什么,你可以看到一個(gè)更深層的自己,要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)更重要的事情做明智的決定。 1.A.prevents B.follows C.starts D.promotes 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“阻止,防止,預(yù)防”;B項(xiàng)“跟隨,接著,隨著,跟著學(xué)”;C項(xiàng)“開(kāi)始,發(fā)起”;D項(xiàng)“促進(jìn),晉升,提拔”。根據(jù)后文“but regret”可知,瘋狂購(gòu)物之后隨之而來(lái)的是后悔,而不是滿足,所以選擇B項(xiàng)。 2.A.expectation B.wealth C.satisfaction D.relief 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“期待,盼望”;B項(xiàng)“財(cái)富,財(cái)產(chǎn)”;C項(xiàng)“滿意,滿足”;D項(xiàng)“寬慰,慰藉”。根據(jù)上一題分析可知答案為C項(xiàng)。 3.A.emptiness B.needs C.silence D.space 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“空虛”;B項(xiàng)“必需品”;C項(xiàng)“沉默”;D項(xiàng)“空間”。許多人買東西,僅僅是為了填充他們內(nèi)心的空虛。答案為A項(xiàng)。 4.A.measures B.covers C.relieves D.indicates 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“測(cè)量,衡量”;B項(xiàng)“覆蓋,走完一段路程,足夠支付,報(bào)道”;C項(xiàng)“減輕,解除,緩解”;D項(xiàng)“表明”。逐漸積累起來(lái)的東西實(shí)際上表明了他們思想上的負(fù)擔(dān)。答案為D項(xiàng)。 5.A.limit B.alternative C.solution D.introduction 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“限制”;B項(xiàng)“供替代的選擇”;C項(xiàng)“解決”;D項(xiàng)“介紹,引薦”。根據(jù)下文可知,“斷舍離”的想法可能為這個(gè)問(wèn)題提供解決方法。答案為C項(xiàng)。 6.A.meaning B.abolishing C.violating D.predicting 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“意思是,意味著,打算”;B項(xiàng)“廢除”;C項(xiàng)“違背”;D項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè),推斷”?！皵嗌犭x”意思是拒絕、清除和分離。答案為A項(xiàng)。 7.A.updated B.temporary C.used D.unnecessary 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“更新”;B項(xiàng)“暫時(shí)的”;C項(xiàng)“用過(guò)的,習(xí)慣的,舊的”;D項(xiàng)“不必要的”?！皵嗌犭x”提倡這樣的觀點(diǎn):除去不必要的東西,使自己從擁有物質(zhì)財(cái)富的內(nèi)驅(qū)力中分離出來(lái)。答案為D項(xiàng)。 8.A.private B.material C.valuable D.popular 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“私人的,私家的”;B項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)的”;C項(xiàng)“有價(jià)值的,貴重的”;D項(xiàng)“流行的”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 9.A.prove B.permit C.decide D.affect 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“證明”;B項(xiàng)“允許,許可”;C項(xiàng)“決定”;D項(xiàng)“影響”。兩個(gè)基本的原則決定你是否應(yīng)該遵守某種東西——你和你考慮的東西及時(shí)機(jī)之間的關(guān)系。答案為C項(xiàng)。 10.A.guarantee B.consideration C.control D.discussion 答案B 解析語(yǔ)法功能題。A項(xiàng)“保證,保證書”;B項(xiàng)“考慮,關(guān)心”;C項(xiàng)“控制,掌控”;D項(xiàng)“討論”。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)。under consideration為固定短語(yǔ),意思是“在考慮之中的”。 11.A.change B.create C.provide D.enter 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“改變”;B項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)建,建立”;C項(xiàng)“提供”;D項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入,輸入”。所以在輸入你的付款密碼買東西之前,問(wèn)你自己兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。答案為D項(xiàng)。 12.A.need B.try C.want D.match 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。句意:我現(xiàn)在需要嗎?它適合我嗎?根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該選擇A項(xiàng)。 13.A.deny B.prepare C.spare D.serve 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“拒絕,否認(rèn)”;B項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備”;C項(xiàng)“勻出,撥出,抽出,節(jié)約”;D項(xiàng)“提供服務(wù),服役,提供飯菜,伺候用餐”。“斷舍離”不僅鼓勵(lì)你自己拒絕物質(zhì)的要求,而且放棄那些以占有為目的的欲望。答案為A項(xiàng)。 14.A.fix B.risk C.enrich D.simplify 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“固定,修理”;B項(xiàng)“冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;C項(xiàng)“使豐富”;D項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)化”。當(dāng)今,人們需要學(xué)會(huì)“簡(jiǎn)化”他們的日常生活。答案為D項(xiàng)。 15.A.special B.cheap C.suitable D.optional 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。A項(xiàng)“特別的,特殊的”;B項(xiàng)“便宜的”;C項(xiàng)“適合的”;D項(xiàng)“可供選擇的”。句意:僅僅買有必要的和適當(dāng)?shù)奈锲贰４颂幣c上一段最后一句“Do I 　12　 it now?Does it suit me?”相呼應(yīng),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。 16.A.discover B.recycle C.update D.abandon 答案D 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;B項(xiàng)“再循環(huán)”;C項(xiàng)“更新,升級(jí)”;D項(xiàng)“放棄”。根據(jù)后一句“you don’t need any more”可知,要經(jīng)常地放棄你不再需要的東西。答案為D項(xiàng)。 17.A.fuel B.identify C.kill D.balance 答案C 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“提供燃料,加燃料”;B項(xiàng)“下定義”;C項(xiàng)“殺死,扼殺”;D項(xiàng)“使平衡”。然而,那并不意味著你應(yīng)該扼殺你的欲望,過(guò)一種無(wú)趣的生活。答案為C項(xiàng)。 18.A.reflect on B.focus on C.give up D.cheer up 答案B 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“反思,思考”;B項(xiàng)“關(guān)注”;C項(xiàng)“放棄”;D項(xiàng)“高興起來(lái),興高采烈”。相反,你應(yīng)該關(guān)注你自己,而不是一些物質(zhì)的東西。答案為B項(xiàng)。 19.A.choosing B.avoiding C.paring D.mentioning 答案A 解析詞義辨析題。A項(xiàng)“選擇”;B項(xiàng)“避免”;C項(xiàng)“比較”;D項(xiàng)“提到,談到”。通過(guò)選擇買什么和放棄什么,你可以看到一個(gè)更深層的自己,因此,要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)更重要的事情做明智的決定。答案為A項(xiàng)。 20.A.rather B.otherwise C.therefore D.still 答案C 解析行文邏輯題。根據(jù)上一題的分析可知,前后句之間為因果關(guān)系,所以答案為C項(xiàng)。