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Unit 9 Wheels 題型組合訓練五（A） 閱讀理解 　　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。 A (2018安徽六安一中三模) Time for an adventure? Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d like. Activity holidays Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports. We have a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. We’ll take you scuba diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo building. For those who like warmer weather, we also have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris. Polar expeditions Take an expedition to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar bears in the Arctic. There’s no greater adventure than travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience. Cultural journeys Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins—just remember to bring your camera! Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people. Wildlife holidays We organize small-group tours to get closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles off the Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of acmodation, from tents to tree houses. 1.Which would you prefer if you are a sports lover?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.Wildlife holidays. B.Cultural journeys. C.Polar expeditions. D.Activity holidays. 2.What can a tourist do during a cultural holiday? A.Appreciate ancient buildings. B.Watch lovely animals. C.Get closer to nature. D.Have extreme sports. 3.What is the purpose of this text? A.To introduce ways of relaxation. B.To remend different holidays. C.To share traveling experience. D.To give advice on traveling. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　本文作者為讀者推薦了幾個不同的度假選擇。如果你厭倦了朝九晚五的工作,想尋找有特色的度假方式的話,那就從中選擇一個吧! 1.D　細節(jié)理解題。由Activity holidays部分的Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports.可知如果你是一個體育愛好者,你可能更喜歡Activity holidays。故選D項。 2.A　細節(jié)理解題。由Cultural journeys部分的Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins—just remember to bring your camera!可知在cultural holiday中,游客可以欣賞古代建筑。故選A項。 3.B　寫作意圖題。由Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d like.可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是推薦不同的度假方式。故選B項。 B 　　A gaming pany in New Zealand is luring employees from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the pany’s profits and no set work hours. Dean Hall became famous in international gaming circles for being the lead designer on the popular video game DayZ. After searching the world for a location for his new gaming studio, RockerWerkz, New Zealander Hall settled on the small university town of Dunedin on the south island’s east coast, where land is cheap and creative start-ups have bee an important part of the city’s identity. RockerWerkz’s flexible work culture is now drawing talent from around the globe, with Hall receiving 300 messages of inquiries since a local newspaper wrote about his studio last week. Last year, when the pany was still in its infancy(嬰兒期), baby cats would also make a regular appearance in the office as a form of fighting stress, and Friday afternoons are generally reserved for sports and games to end the week on a playful note. “The first time I heard about the idea of unlimited paid leave in places like Silicon Valley it was about the problems it caused. A culture had appeared where employees took no leave,” said Hall. “So to address that, our staff are issued with the standard New Zealand annual leave of four weeks, but they can also take unlimited leave in addition to that.” Emily Lampitt, from Britain, is a 3D junior artist who has been with the pany for a year and a half. She says the flexible work culture was a huge factor in her decision to move to New Zealand. “The flexibility here has made me feel much more relaxed,” she says. “That internal stress I used to feel in a traditional work environment has gone, so when I am at work now it is because I want to be, because I am passionate(有激情的), not because I am afraid of my boss or watching the clock.” 4.The underlined word “l(fā)uring” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 　　　.　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.cheating B.disturbing C.inspiring D.attracting 5.Why are baby cats mentioned in Paragraph 4? A.To show the pany focuses on pressure relief. B.To explain how the pany motivates its staff. C.To stress the significance of harmony in the workplace. D.To introduce a new way to promote creativity. 6.According to the passage, unlimited paid leave in Silicon Valley　　　. A.set a good example to RockerWerkz. B.didn’t work out as expected C.helped develop the local culture D.solved the problem of unemployment 7.What is the writing purpose of the above text? A.To encourage panies to be more flexible. B.To describe what a creative pany should be like. C.To give a report on the flexible management of a pany. D.To discuss how to make a traditional pany more petitive. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　這篇文章主要報道澳大利亞的一家公司實行彈性管理,為員工提供了許多誘人的福利,其中最吸引人的就是帶薪無限期休假。 4.D　詞義猜測題。由第一段中的from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the pany’s profits and no set work hours可知這些都是公司為員工提供的福利,非常有誘惑,所以“l(fā)uring”的意思是“吸引”,故選D項。 5.A　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Last year, when the pany was still in its infancy(嬰兒期), baby cats would also make a regular appearance in the office as a form of fighting stress可知,提到貓咪寶寶是為了表明公司關注減壓。故選A項。 6.B　推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第四段“The first time I heard about the idea of unlimited paid leave in places like Silicon Valley it was about the problems it caused. A culture had appeared where employees took no leave,” said Hall.可知,硅谷無限制的帶薪休假沒有像預期那樣實現(xiàn)。故選B項。 7.C　寫作意圖題。由全文的主題句A gaming pany in New Zealand is luring employees from around the world by offering unlimited paid annual leave, a share in the pany’s profits and no set work hours.可知這篇文章主要報道了一家公司實行彈性管理,為員工提供了許多誘人的福利。故選C項。 C (2018課標全國Ⅱ) 　　Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a mon Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it es to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建議) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it es to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, pared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 8.What is the mon Sense Media report probably about? A.Children’s reading habits. B.Quality of children’s books. C.Children’s after-class activities. D.Parent-child relationships. 9.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.In paragraph 2. B.In paragraph 3. C.In paragraph 4. D.In paragraph 5. 10.Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A.E-books are of poor quality. B.It could be a waste of time. C.It may harm children’s health. D.E-readers are expensive. 11.How should parents encourage their children to read more? A.Act as role models for them. B.Ask them to write book reports. C.Set up reading groups for them. D.Talk with their reading class teachers. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。根據(jù)“常識媒體”所做的一項調查可知,與過去相比,十幾歲的孩子們進行趣味閱讀的量越來越少。 8.A　主旨大意題。本題題干意為:“常識媒體”所做的這個報告可能是關于什么的?本文為說明文,第一段為本文的主旨段。根據(jù)第一段(根據(jù)周一出版的“常識媒體”的一個報告,十幾歲的孩子和更小的孩子進行趣味閱讀的量少多了。)可知該報告主要講的是孩子們的閱讀習慣的變化,故答案為A項。B項(兒童圖書的質量)、C項(孩子們的課外活動)和D項(父母與孩子間的關系)均不是該報告的內容,故全被排除。 9.B　事實細節(jié)題。本題題干意為:你在哪里可以找到最能支撐“孩子們進行趣味閱讀的量越來越少”這一說法的數(shù)據(jù)?本文第一段提出了本文主題,即孩子們進行趣味閱讀的量越來越少。然后在第三段通過數(shù)據(jù)(...has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.)來支撐這一說法,故答案為B項。 10.C　事實細節(jié)題。本題題干意為:為什么許多家長限制電子閱讀?根據(jù)第五段最后一句(……許多家長仍然限制電子閱讀,主要是因為他們擔心那會增加孩子面對屏幕的時間。)可知家長限制電子閱讀的原因是擔心孩子們的健康,故答案為C項。A:電子圖書質量差;B:那可能會浪費時間;D:電子閱讀器很昂貴。以上三項均未被提及,故全部排除。 11.A　事實細節(jié)題。本題題干意為:家長應該如何鼓勵他們的孩子多閱讀?根據(jù)第六段第一句(報告中分享的最給人以希望的數(shù)據(jù)清楚地證明了家長給孩子們做出榜樣并在閱讀上進行重要的指導。)可知答案為A項(為他們樹立榜樣)。B:要求他們寫讀書報告;C:為他們建立讀書小組;D:和他們的閱讀老師談話。以上三項均未被提及,故全部排除。 D Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a bination of farming methods may help. Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year. Soil scientist John Reganold says,“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils? There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.” Mr. Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good. “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter.They’re not putting in fertilizers.They can’t afford those things.And it just runs the soil down. So they’re worsening the situation.” The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years, but it seems to be growing in popularity. The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米), millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots, but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year, the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight. John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation. “She’s a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare, four times what she was getting.” 12.The purpose of the passage is to 　　　. A.tell people how to increase production B.introduce an agricultural system in Africa C.introduce the oldest farming method in Africa D.tell us how to prevent soil from being poor 13.What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A.Being exposed to wind and rain. B.Growing different crops. C.Being polluted severely. D.Being ploughed improperly. 14.According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG? A.Perenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants. B.Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production. C.Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation. D.American researchers first invented perenniation. 15.Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda? A.To show the method is very popular in Africa. B.Because she is an expert at farming production. C.To prove the farming method is effective. D.Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country. 答案　 [語篇解讀]　在非洲,土地有限、地力貧瘠。如何有效地改善土地狀況,提高農作物產(chǎn)量呢?本文介紹了一種能有效提高土地的肥力,促進生產(chǎn)的耕作方式。 12.B　主旨大意題。由文章第一段及第二段第二句話可知,本文主要針對非洲土地營養(yǎng)成分不足、產(chǎn)量低這一問題,向我們介紹了一種新的農業(yè)系統(tǒng)。 13.A　詞義猜測題。分析畫線詞所在句可知,多年的風雨侵蝕,導致了土地中的營養(yǎng)大量流失。故選A。 14.D　細節(jié)理解題。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知,這種系統(tǒng)早已經(jīng)在非洲使用,所以這種系統(tǒng)并不是美國研究人員最先發(fā)明的。 15.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知,John Reganold提到Rhoda是為了證明這種種植方式是有效果的。