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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 One of the main creators of the World Wide Web，Sir Tim BernersLee has warned that the fast growth of the Internet is also creating serious problems. He especially warns of false information being easily spread around the Internet，“A great danger is that it bees a place where untruths start to spread more than truths，or it bees a place which bees increasingly unfair in some way.”In particular he mentions the phenomena of blogging.Blogging enables friends and contacts to easily spread information.However he argues that people may too easily trust information mentioned in a blog.This inaccurate information can then easily bee an accepted truth on the Internet. He suggests that the most important development of the Internet will be in creating ways of allowing people to check the correctness of information by providing original sources.Sir Tim admits that this is an important challenge.Its interesting to note that Wikipedia(維基百科)has had to take steps to prevent false information from being added to the biographies of living people.Its easy for anybody to edit the open source.However，some people have pointed out that it has been used to spread false materials.In seeking to raise standards，Wikipedia has sought to stop the false materials. At the same time there is a growing view that the Internet has had a great effect on the way millions of people work.The last two years have seen a big growth in the use of the Internet.There appears no slowdown in the growth of the Internet with increasing access in the developing countries.Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody.Sir Tim has recently launched a new joint initiative (倡議)between the University of Southampton and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the first degree in Web science.The two schools hope to raise the standards of web content. 1．What is the especially serious problem that Sir Tim refers to? A．The growth of the Internet is too fast. B．The Internet has a side effect on young children. C．The Internet panies pete against each other in an unfair way. D．The false information spreads rapidly on the Internet. 2．What causes the biographies to have false information? A．The Internet users refuses other users to correct them. B．Wikipedia doesnt take any steps. C．Anybody can easily edit the biographies. D．Wikipedia attempts to publish false materials. 3．According to the last paragraph，the purpose of the joint initiative is to ________. A．provide free Internet access to the poor countries B．improve the reliability of online content C．create the first degree in science and technology D．enlarge the use of the Internet 4．We can infer from the text that ________. A．Sir Tim has built two schools recently B．the Internet is harmful to the peoples health C．Sir Tim hopes everyone can use the Internet for free D．the Internet develops slowly in the developing countries 【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展所帶來的一些問題。 1．D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“He especially warns of false information being easily spread around the Internet”可知，他認為虛假的信息在網(wǎng)絡上流傳是尤其嚴重的問題，故選D。 2．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Its easy for anybody to edit the open source.However, some people have pointed out that it has been used to spread false materials”可知，任何人都可以輕易編輯這些傳記，因此虛假信息很容易被傳播，故選C。 3．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“the University of Southampton and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to create the first degree in Web science.The two schools hope to raise the standards of web content”可知，這個聯(lián)合倡議的目的是提高網(wǎng)上內(nèi)容的可信度，故選B。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)“Sir Tim says another major challenge will be to provide free Internet for everybody”可知，Sir Tim希望每一個人都能免費上網(wǎng)，故選C。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever　whoever “無論誰”，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當于anyone who。 2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director. 答案：to　be fundamental to ... “……是……的基礎”。 3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此處應用形容詞最高級。 4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of. 答案：puzzling　此處形容詞puzzling “令人困惑的”作表語，描述主語paintings的本質(zhì)特征。 5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案：There　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。 6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public. 答案：harmful　此處形容詞harmful “有害的”作表語。 7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light. 答案：to block　此處動詞不定式短語to block out作目的狀語。 8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高興，(使)振作起來”。 9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)． 答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在邏輯上的被動關系，故填動名詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案：Unlike　根據(jù)語意可知，“并不像”你所猜測的那樣，故填Unlike，引導名詞性從句。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 (2018河北石家莊高三復習教學質(zhì)量檢測二) When my sister Diane began playing the violin，she was seven.How did she sound？Terrible.But she didnt __1__.At twelve，she asked our parents if she could __2__ a fulltime music school.They said no.Actually，everyone agreed that my sister__3__ talent. I was better at my __4__.My teacher had told my parents that I had great__5__.So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to __6__ me.But the only time he was __7__ was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m.. Back then，I was __8__ about the British TV show“The Avengers”，which was__9__ every Saturday at 3 p．m.. I let nothing take up my “The Avengers”hour.So I __10__ this amazing opportunity.Today，I dont even have a__11__ in my house. My sister became an engineer，but she __12__ stopped making music.When she was in her 40s，she switched her __13__.She went back to college，got a(n)__14__ in music education，and became a music teacher.She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never __15__. Recently，she and a pianist pal put on a recital.A big crowd of friends and family __16__ for her.As she played，I looked around at the __17__.Everyone was __18__ enjoying the music.It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7yearold kid making those perfectly__19__ sounds and knew how far she had e，despite__20__. Talent is important.But enthusiasm is even more important. 1．A.advance　　　　　B．quit C．reflect D．listen 2．A.inspect B．open C．a(chǎn)ttend D．visit 3．A.lacked B．spotted C．possessed D．a(chǎn)dmired 4．A.major B．project C．position D．instrument 5．A.patience B．enthusiasm C．potential D．a(chǎn)mbition 6．A.train B．examine C．correct D．challenge 7．A.punctual B．skillful C．occupied D．a(chǎn)vailable 8．A.sensitive B．crazy C．serious D．particular 9．A.filmed B．designed C．a(chǎn)ired D．mented 10．A.jumped at B．turned down C．waited for D．opened up 11．A.tutor B．violin C．musician D．piano 12．A.never B．once C．a(chǎn)lready D．even 13．A.attitude B．career C．plan D．position 14．A.scholarship B．sponsor C．degree D．a(chǎn)ssistant 15．A.provided B．imagined C．received D．expected 16．A.voted B．feared C．stayed up D．turned up 17．A.students B．a(chǎn)udience C．spotlights D．platform 18．A.obviously B．desperately C．a(chǎn)ppropriately D．a(chǎn)nxiously 19．A.booming B．pleasing C．a(chǎn)wful D．powerful 20．A.everything B．something C．everybody D．somebody 【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，通過講述妹妹追求夢想的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：天賦很重要，但更重要的是熱情。 1．B　根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound？Terrible”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；結(jié)合本句的“But”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折意義可知，但她沒有放棄(quit)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文可知，盡管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放棄；據(jù)此可以判斷，本句句意為：在十二歲時，她問父母她是否可以去全日制的音樂學校上學。attend school為固定搭配，意為“上學”。 3．A　根據(jù)上文的“They said no”和父母沒有答應讓她去全日制音樂學校學習可以判斷，每個人都認為“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天賦，故A項正確。 4．D　根據(jù)本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋熃獭拔摇睂W鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，與妹妹相比，“我”更擅長“我”的樂器。 5．C　根據(jù)下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母為“我”找了當?shù)刈詈玫匿撉倮蠋焷斫獭拔摇睂W鋼琴；據(jù)此可以判斷，老師告訴父母說“我”很有潛能(potential)。A項意為“耐心”，B項意為“熱情”，D項意為“抱負”，都與語境不符。 6．A　參見上題解析。A項意為“培訓，教育”；B項意為“檢查”；C項意為“改正”；D項意為“挑戰(zhàn)”。 7．D　根據(jù)語境可知，鋼琴老師只有每周六下午三點有空。D項意為“有空的”，符合語境，故D項正確。A項意為“準時的”，B項意為“技術好的”，C項意為“使用中”，都與語境不符。 8．B　根據(jù)本句中的“about the British TV show”可判斷，“我”熱衷于一檔英國電視節(jié)目。be crazy about為固定搭配，意為“熱衷于”，故B項正確。A項意為“敏感的”，C項意為“嚴肅的”，D項意為“特別的，尤其的”，都與語境不符。 9．C　根據(jù)該句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，這檔英國電視節(jié)目在每周六的下午三點播放。air在本句中意為“播出，播送”，屬于熟詞生義，故C項正確。A項意為“拍電影”，B項意為“設計”，D項意為“評論”。 10．B　根據(jù)上文的“I let nothing take up my‘The Avengers hour”可知，“我”不讓任何事情占用“我”看這檔節(jié)目的時間，據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”拒絕了這一機會。B項意為“拒絕”，符合語境，故B項正確。A項意為“迫不及待地接受”，C項意為“等待，等候”，D項意為“打開；開發(fā)；展示”，都與語境不符。 11．D　根據(jù)本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判斷，由于“我”拒絕了學鋼琴，所以現(xiàn)在家里甚至一臺鋼琴也沒有，故D項正確。 12．A　根據(jù)空后兩句可知，“我”妹妹在四十幾歲時上大學學習音樂；據(jù)此可知，盡管“我”妹妹成了一名工程師，但是她從未(never)停止對音樂的追求，故A項正確。 13．B　根據(jù)下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十幾歲時，她改變了職業(yè)(career)，從工程師成為一名音樂老師，故B項正確。A項意為“態(tài)度”，C項意為“計劃”，D項意為“地位；職位”，都與語境不符。 14．C　根據(jù)句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大學學習音樂，并取得了音樂教育的學位(degree)，成了一名音樂老師。A項意為“獎學金”，B項意為“贊助人”，D項意為“助手”，都與語境不符。 15．C　根據(jù)上文可知，“我”的父母認為妹妹沒有音樂天賦，拒絕了妹妹上全日制音樂學校的請求，據(jù)此可以判斷，妹妹做音樂老師時，給了孩子們她未曾得到(received)的鼓勵和支持。A項意為“提供”，B項意為“想象”，D項意為“期望”，都與語境不符。 16．D　根據(jù)上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位鋼琴家舉辦了一場演奏會；據(jù)此可以判斷，朋友和家人們都到場了。A項意為“投票”，B項意為“擔心，害怕”，C項意為“熬夜”，D項意為“到達，露面”。 17．B　根據(jù)下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂；據(jù)此可知，“我”環(huán)顧了四周的觀眾(audience)，故B項正確。A項意為“學生”，C項意為“聚光燈”，D項意為“平臺，講臺”。 18．A　根據(jù)本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很顯然(obviously)，所有人都在欣賞妹妹演奏的音樂。B項意為“極其”，C項意為“恰當?shù)亍保珼項意為“焦虛的；擔心的；著急地”，都與語境不符。 19．C　根據(jù)上文的“How did she sound? Terrible”可知，七歲時，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C項正確。A項意為“迅速發(fā)展的”，B項意為“令人愉快的”，D項意為“有力量的”，都與語境不符。 20．A　根據(jù)本句中的“and knew how far she had e, despite”并結(jié)合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七歲時演奏小提琴的糟糕的聲音，只有“我”知道她不顧一切(everything)走了多遠。 四、單句改錯 1．Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→in　in time for ... “及時趕上了……”。 2．It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→down　break down “出故障”。 3．She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：of→to　give birth to “分娩；產(chǎn)生”。 4．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out后加for　watch out for sth. “當心/密切注意某物”。 5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one. _____________________________________________________ 答案：bigger→big　在比較等級的表達方式中“as ... as”中，應用形容詞或副詞的原級。 五、短文改錯 (2017山西省三區(qū)八校聯(lián)考二模) Dear Chris， Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.Im glad to hear that you will e to our school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor of us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should prepared enough clothes.Then there are different kind of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to experiencing rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends，that will make it easy for you to get along good with them. Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you，and you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learn from each other can we spend these days together happily. Yours， Li Ming. 文章大意：短文為李明寫給交換生Chris的一封信，表示在他來我校交換期間會幫助他適應環(huán)境，以及互相學習。 答案： Dear Chris， Im Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.Im glad to hear that you will e to our school asexchange student next term.I feel it an honor us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing， you should enough clothes.Then there are different of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends， will make it easy for you to get along with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you， you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and from each other can we spend these days together happily. ?　解析：考查冠詞，student是可數(shù)名詞，前需加冠詞，exchange是以元音音素開頭的單詞，因此使用不定冠詞an。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，表達“對于某人而言”使用介詞for。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，此處是“告訴某人”，使用tell sb.，多了介詞about。 ?　解析：考查動詞，should是情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形，因此使用prepare。 ?　解析：考查名詞的復數(shù)形式，kind“種類”是可數(shù)名詞，表示“不同的種類”，different后接其復數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：考查動詞的用法，a chance to do sth.“做某事的機會”，to為動詞不定式，后接動詞原形，因此使用experience。 ?　解析：考查定語從句引導詞，考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞，使用which。 ?　解析：考查固定搭配，表達“與某人相處融洽”使用動詞短語get along well with sb.，因此good改為well。 ?　解析：考查連詞的用法，前后句子為轉(zhuǎn)折的關系，and為并列的關系，因此改為but。 　解析：考查動名詞形式，此處and連接兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)，by后接動名詞，因此learn使用其動名詞形式learning。